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Lecaudey LA, Netzer R, Wibberg D, Busche T, Bloecher N. Metatranscriptome analysis reveals the putative venom toxin repertoire of the biofouling hydroid Ectopleura larynx. Toxicon 2024; 237:107556. [PMID: 38072317 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cnidarians thriving in biofouling communities on aquaculture net pens represent a significant health risk for farmed finfish due to their stinging cells. The toxins coming into contact with the fish, during net cleaning, can adversely affect their behavior, welfare, and survival, with a particularly serious health risk for the gills, causing direct tissue damage such as formation of thrombi and increasing risks of secondary infections. The hydroid Ectopleura larynx is one of the most common fouling organisms in Northern Europe. However, despite its significant economic, environmental, and operational impact on finfish aquaculture, biological information on this species is scarce and its venom composition has never been investigated. In this study, we generated a whole transcriptome of E. larynx, and identified its putative expressed venom toxin proteins (predicted toxin proteins, not functionally characterized) based on in silico transcriptome annotation mining and protein sequence analysis. The results uncovered a broad and diverse repertoire of putative toxin proteins for this hydroid species. Its toxic arsenal appears to include a wide and complex selection of toxin proteins, covering a large panel of potential biological functions that play important roles in envenomation. The putative toxins identified in this species, such as neurotoxins, GTPase toxins, metalloprotease toxins, ion channel impairing toxins, hemorrhagic toxins, serine protease toxins, phospholipase toxins, pore-forming toxins, and multifunction toxins may cause various major deleterious effects in prey, predators, and competitors. These results provide valuable new insights into the venom composition of cnidarians, and venomous marine organisms in general, and offer new opportunities for further research into novel and valuable bioactive molecules for medicine, agronomics and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Netzer
- SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Brattørkaia 17c, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany; Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 1, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Bloecher
- SINTEF Ocean, Aquaculture Department, Brattørkaia 17c, 7010, Trondheim, Norway
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Erić K, Veselinović MS, Patenković A, Davidović S, Erić P, Stamenković-Radak M, Tanasković M. Population History Shapes Responses to Different Temperature Regimes in Drosophila subobscura. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1333. [PMID: 37374116 DOI: 10.3390/life13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila subobscura is considered a good model species for investigation of a population's ability to adapt and cope with climate changes. Decade long research has shown that inversion frequencies change in response to environmental factors indicating their role in adaptation to novel environments. The mechanisms behind organisms' responses to temperature are complex, involving changes in physiology, behavior, gene expression and regulation. On the other hand, a population's ability to respond to suboptimal conditions depends on standing genetic variation and population history. In order to elucidate the role of local adaptation in population response to the changing temperature, we investigated the response to temperature in D. subobscura individuals originating from two different altitudes by combining traditional cytogenetic techniques with assessing the levels of Hsp70 protein expression. Inversion polymorphism was assessed in the flies sampled from natural populations and in flies reared in laboratory conditions at three different temperatures after five and sixteen generations and Hsp70 protein expression profile in 12th generation flies at the basal level and after heat shock induction. Our results indicate that local adaptation and population history influence population response to the changing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Patenković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Davidović
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Puig Giribets M, Santos M, García Guerreiro MP. Basal hsp70 expression levels do not explain adaptive variation of the warm- and cold-climate O 3 + 4 + 7 and O ST gene arrangements of Drosophila subobscura. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32005133 PMCID: PMC6995229 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drosophila subobscura exhibits a rich inversion polymorphism, with some adaptive inversions showing repeatable spatiotemporal patterns in frequencies related to temperature. Previous studies reported increased basal HSP70 protein levels in homokaryotypic strains for a warm-climate arrangement compared to a cold-climate one. These findings do not match the similar hsp70 genomic organization between arrangements, where gene expression levels are expected to be similar. In order to test this hypothesis and understand the molecular basis for hsp70 expression, we compared basal hsp70 mRNA levels in males and females, and analysed the 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions of hsp70 genes in warm- and cold-climate isochromosomal O3 + 4 + 7 and OST lines of D. subobscura. Results We observed comparable mRNA levels between the two arrangements and a sex-biased hsp70 gene expression. The number of heat-shock elements (HSEs) and GAGA sites on the promoters were identical amongst the OST and O3 + 4 + 7 lines analysed. This is also true for 3′ AU-rich elements where most A and B copies of hsp70 have, respectively, two and one element in both arrangements. Beyond the regulatory elements, the only notable difference between both arrangements is the presence in 3′ UTR of a 14 bp additional fragment after the stop codon in the hsp70A copy in five O3 + 4 + 7 lines, which was not found in any of the six OST lines. Conclusions The equivalent hsp70 mRNA amounts in OST and O3 + 4 + 7 arrangements provide the first evidence of a parallelism between gene expression and genetic organization in D. subobscura lines having these arrangements. This is reinforced by the lack of important differential features in the number and structure of regulatory elements between both arrangements, despite the genetic differentiation observed when the complete 5′ and 3′ regulatory regions were considered. Therefore, the basal levels of hsp70 mRNA cannot account, in principle, for the adaptive variation of the two arrangements studied. Consequently, further studies are necessary to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of hsp70 gene regulation in D. subobscura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Puig Giribets
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauro Santos
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Pilar García Guerreiro
- Grup de Genòmica, Bioinformàtica i Biologia Evolutiva (GGBE), Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Reis M, Vieira CP, Lata R, Posnien N, Vieira J. Origin and Consequences of Chromosomal Inversions in the virilis Group of Drosophila. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:3152-3166. [PMID: 30376068 PMCID: PMC6278893 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, large variations in rearrangement rate have been reported among different lineages and among Muller’s elements. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that are involved in the generation of inversions, their increase in frequency, as well as their impact on the genome are not completely understood. This is in part due to the lack of comparative studies on species distantly related to Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of two species of the virilis phylad (Drosophila novamexicana [15010-1031.00] and Drosophila americana [SF12]), which are diverging from D. melanogaster for more than 40 Myr. Based on these data, we identified the precise location of six novel inversion breakpoints. A molecular characterization provided clear evidence that DAIBAM (a miniature inverted–repeat transposable element) was involved in the generation of eight out of the nine inversions identified. In contrast to what has been previously reported for D. melanogaster and close relatives, ectopic recombination is thus the prevalent mechanism of generating inversions in species of the virilis phylad. Using pool-sequencing data for three populations of D. americana, we also show that common polymorphic inversions create a high degree of genetic differentiation between populations for chromosomes X, 4, and 5 over large physical distances. We did not find statistically significant differences in expression levels between D. americana (SF12) and D. novamexicana (15010-1031.00) strains for the three genes surveyed (CG9588, Fig 4, and fab1) flanking three inversion breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Reis
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Abteilung für Entwicklungsbiologie, GZMB Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cristina P Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Lata
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Nico Posnien
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Abteilung für Entwicklungsbiologie, GZMB Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jorge Vieira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Ilton M, Bhamla MS, Ma X, Cox SM, Fitchett LL, Kim Y, Koh JS, Krishnamurthy D, Kuo CY, Temel FZ, Crosby AJ, Prakash M, Sutton GP, Wood RJ, Azizi E, Bergbreiter S, Patek SN. The principles of cascading power limits in small, fast biological and engineered systems. Science 2018; 360:360/6387/eaao1082. [PMID: 29700237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical power limitations emerge from the physical trade-off between force and velocity. Many biological systems incorporate power-enhancing mechanisms enabling extraordinary accelerations at small sizes. We establish how power enhancement emerges through the dynamic coupling of motors, springs, and latches and reveal how each displays its own force-velocity behavior. We mathematically demonstrate a tunable performance space for spring-actuated movement that is applicable to biological and synthetic systems. Incorporating nonideal spring behavior and parameterizing latch dynamics allows the identification of critical transitions in mass and trade-offs in spring scaling, both of which offer explanations for long-observed scaling patterns in biological systems. This analysis defines the cascading challenges of power enhancement, explores their emergent effects in biological and engineered systems, and charts a pathway for higher-level analysis and synthesis of power-amplified systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ilton
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - M Saad Bhamla
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaotian Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Suzanne M Cox
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Leah L Fitchett
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yongjin Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Je-Sung Koh
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Chi-Yun Kuo
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Fatma Zeynep Temel
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory P Sutton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Robert J Wood
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Emanuel Azizi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Bergbreiter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S N Patek
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Freda PJ, Alex JT, Morgan TJ, Ragland GJ. Genetic Decoupling of Thermal Hardiness across Metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:999-1009. [PMID: 29045669 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms age the environment fluctuates, exerting differential selection across ontogeny. In particular, highly seasonal environments expose life stages to often drastically different thermal environments. This developmental variation is particularly striking in organisms with complex life cycles, wherein life history stages also exhibit distinct morphologies, physiologies, and behaviors. Genes acting pleiotropically on thermal responses may produce genetic correlations across ontogeny, constraining the independent evolution of each life stage to their respective thermal environments. To investigate whether developmental genetic correlations constrain the evolution thermal hardiness of the fly Drosophila melanogaster, we applied quantitative genetic analyses to cold hardiness measured in both larvae and adults from isogenic lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), using survival at stressful low temperatures as the phenotypic metric. Using full genome resequencing data for the DGRP, we also implemented genome-wide association (GWA) analysis using Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Models (BSLMMs) to estimate associations between naturally segregating variation and cold hardiness for both larvae and adults. Quantitative genetic analyses revealed no significant genetic correlation for cold hardiness between life stages, suggesting complete genetic decoupling of thermal hardiness across the metamorphic boundary. Both quantitative genetic and GWA analyses suggested that polygenic variation underlies cold hardiness in both stages, and that associated loci largely affected one stage or the other, but not both. However, reciprocal enrichment tests and correlations between BSLMM parameters for each life stage support some shared physiological mechanisms that may reflect common cellular thermal response pathways. Overall, these results suggest no developmental genetic constraints on cold hardiness across metamorphosis in D. melanogaster, an important consideration in evolutionary models of responses to changing climates. Genetic correlations for environmental sensitivity across ontogeny remains largely unexplored in other organisms, thus assessing the generality of genetic decoupling will require further quantitative or population genetic analysis in additional species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Freda
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jackson T Alex
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Theodore J Morgan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Gregory J Ragland
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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7
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Gallego B, Verdú JR, Lobo JM. Comparative thermoregulation between different species of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupinae). J Therm Biol 2018; 74:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of short-term heat shock and physiological responses to heat stress in two Bradysia adults, Bradysia odoriphaga and Bradysia difformis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13381. [PMID: 29042590 PMCID: PMC5645341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga and Bradysia difformis are devastating pests of vegetable, ornamental crops and edible mushrooms causing significant losses. Temperature may be an important factor restricting their population abundance in the summer. To determine the effects of short-term heat shock on adults, their survival, longevity and fecundity data were collected, and antioxidant responses and heat shock protein expression levels were examined. Our results indicated that the survival rates of Bradysia adults decreased rapidly after heat shock ≥36 °C, and the longevity and reproductive capacities were significantly inhibited, indicating that short-term heat shock had lethal and sub-lethal effects. Moreover, the lipid peroxidation levels of B. difformis and B. odoriphaga increased dramatically at 36 °C and 38 °C, respectively. Four antioxidant enzymes activities of B. odoriphaga were greater than those of B. difformis at 38 °C. Additionally, hsp70 and hsp90 expression levels significantly increased after heat stress, and higher expression levels of B. difformis and B. odoriphaga were discovered at 36 and 38 °C respectively, indicating their different heat tolerance levels. Overall, short-term heat shock (≥36 °C) caused significantly adverse effects on Bradysia adults, indicating that it could be applied in pest control, and antioxidant system and hsp genes played important roles in their heat tolerance levels.
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Garbuz DG, Evgen’ev MB. The evolution of heat shock genes and expression patterns of heat shock proteins in the species from temperature contrasting habitats. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Zatsepina OG, Przhiboro AA, Yushenova IA, Shilova V, Zelentsova ES, Shostak NG, Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG. A Drosophila heat shock response represents an exception rather than a rule amongst Diptera species. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 25:431-449. [PMID: 27089053 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is the major player that underlies adaptive response to hyperthermia in all organisms studied to date. We investigated patterns of Hsp70 expression in larvae of dipteran species collected from natural populations of species belonging to four families from different evolutionary lineages of the order Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae. All investigated species showed a Hsp70 expression pattern that was different from the pattern in Drosophila. In contrast to Drosophila, all of the species in the families studied were characterized by high constitutive levels of Hsp70, which was more stable than that in Drosophila. When Stratiomyidae Hsp70 proteins were expressed in Drosophila cells, they became as short-lived as the endogenous Hsp70. Interestingly, three species of Ceratopogonidae and a cold-water species of Chironomidae exhibited high constitutive levels of Hsp70 mRNA and high basal levels of Hsp70. Furthermore, two species of Tabanidae were characterized by significant constitutive levels of Hsp70 and highly stable Hsp70 mRNA. In most cases, heat-resistant species were characterized by a higher basal level of Hsp70 than more thermosensitive species. These data suggest that different trends were realized during the evolution of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the responses of Hsp70 genes to temperature fluctuations in the studied families.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Zatsepina
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Przhiboro
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - I A Yushenova
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Shilova
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Zelentsova
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Shostak
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M B Evgen'ev
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D G Garbuz
- Engelgardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Wang T, Zhao M, Rotgans BA, Ni G, Dean JFD, Nahrung HF, Cummins SF. Proteomic analysis of the venom and venom sac of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio - Towards understanding its biological impact. J Proteomics 2016; 146:195-206. [PMID: 27389852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The European horntail woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, is an invasive insect that attacks conifer hosts, particularly Pinus species. Venom injected by female S. noctilio, together with its symbiotic fungus, damages the normal physiology of Pinus, leading to death of the tree. To identify the proteinaceous components in the venom and uncover the interplay between venom proteins and tree proteins, clarification of the overall profile of proteins produced in the venom gland apparatus was carried out in this work. The venom sac proteome utilised in-solution digested in either a natural or deglycosylated state, prior to nanoHPLC LTQ-Orbitrap under CID/ETD mode. Here, we report the identification of 1454 and 1225 proteins in venom and sac, respectively, with 410 mutual proteins. Approximately 90 proteins were predicted to be secretory, of which 8 have features characteristic of toxins. Chemosensory binding proteins were also identified. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were employed to predict the protein functions and biological pathways in venom and sac. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis suggested that one-step responses represent the majority of the Sirex-Pinus PPIs, and the proteins representing network hub nodes could be of importance for the development of pest management strategies. SIGNIFICANCE The woodwasp Sirex noctilio is an invasive species in many parts of the world, including Australia and North America, where it is considered within the top 10 most serious forest insects. Where they have been introduced, the female woodwasps attack living pine trees, causing significant economic losses. Central to this destruction is the woodwasp's life cycle requirement to bore a hole to deposit eggs and a toxic mucus that disables the tree's network for transporting water and nutrients, yet aids in larval survival. Here we specifically examine the mucus gland apparatus and its contents, revealing the protein components that together with 'noctilisin' facilitate this complex association. The identification of chemosensory binding proteins further supports a role for the woodwasp ovipositor as an instrument for early stages of host tree selection. These findings could provide important clues towards the development of novel control tools against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Rotgans
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guoying Ni
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia
| | - Jeffrey F D Dean
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Helen F Nahrung
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia; Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, University of The Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia.
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Gao J, Zhang W, Dang W, Mou Y, Gao Y, Sun BJ, Du WG. Heat shock protein expression enhances heat tolerance of reptile embryos. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141135. [PMID: 25080340 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in heat tolerance has been demonstrated in cultured cells and animal tissues, but rarely in whole organisms because of methodological difficulties associated with gene manipulation. By comparing HSP70 expression patterns among representative species of reptiles and birds, and by determining the effect of HSP70 overexpression on embryonic development and hatchling traits, we have identified the role of HSP70 in the heat tolerance of amniote embryos. Consistent with their thermal environment, and high incubation temperatures and heat tolerance, the embryos of birds have higher onset and maximum temperatures for induced HSP70 than do reptiles, and turtles have higher onset and maximum temperatures than do lizards. Interestingly, the trade-off between benefits and costs of HSP70 overexpression occurred between life-history stages: when turtle embryos developed at extreme high temperatures, HSP70 overexpression generated benefits by enhancing embryo heat tolerance and hatching success, but subsequently imposed costs by decreasing heat tolerance of surviving hatchlings. Taken together, the correlative and causal links between HSP70 and heat tolerance provide, to our knowledge, the first unequivocal evidence that HSP70 promotes thermal tolerance of embryos in oviparous amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Mou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
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Salminen TS, Vesala L, Laiho A, Merisalo M, Hoikkala A, Kankare M. Seasonal gene expression kinetics between diapause phases in Drosophila virilis group species and overwintering differences between diapausing and non-diapausing females. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11197. [PMID: 26063442 PMCID: PMC4463020 DOI: 10.1038/srep11197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most northern insect species experience a period of developmental arrest, diapause, which enables them to survive over the winter and postpone reproduction until favorable conditions. We studied the timing of reproductive diapause and its long-term effects on the cold tolerance of Drosophila montana, D. littoralis and D. ezoana females in seasonally varying environmental conditions. At the same time we traced expression levels of 219 genes in D. montana using a custom-made microarray. We show that the seasonal switch to reproductive diapause occurs over a short time period, and that overwintering in reproductive diapause has long-lasting effects on cold tolerance. Some genes, such as Hsc70, Jon25Bi and period, were upregulated throughout the diapause, while others, including regucalcin, couch potato and Thor, were upregulated only at its specific phases. Some of the expression patterns induced during the sensitive stage, when the females either enter diapause or not, remained induced regardless of the later conditions. qPCR analyses confirmed the findings of the microarray analysis in D. montana and revealed similar gene expression changes in D. littoralis and D. ezoana. The present study helps to achieve a better understanding of the genetic regulation of diapause and of the plasticity of seasonal responses in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina S. Salminen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, F1-33014 Finland
| | - Laura Vesala
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, F1-33014 Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Finnish DNA Microarray Centre, Bioinformatics team, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Merisalo
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anneli Hoikkala
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maaria Kankare
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Mizrahi T, Goldenberg S, Heller J, Arad Z. Natural variation in resistance to desiccation and heat shock protein expression in the land snail Theba pisana along a climatic gradient. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 88:66-80. [PMID: 25590594 DOI: 10.1086/679485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Land snails frequently encounter desiccating conditions, and their survival depends on a suite of morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptations to the specific microhabitat. Strategies of survival can be determined by integrating information from various levels of biological organization. In this study, we used a combination of physiological parameters related to water economy and molecular factors (stress protein expression) to investigate the strategies of survival adopted by seven populations of the Mediterranean-type land snail Theba pisana from different habitats. We analyzed water compartmentalization during aestivation and used experimental desiccation to compare desiccation resistance. We also measured the endogenous levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) Hsp72, Hsp74, and Hsp90 under nonstress conditions and analyzed the HSP response to desiccation in two populations that differed mostly in their resistance to desiccation. We revealed significant intraspecific differences in resistance to desiccation that seem to be determined by the speed of recruitment of the water-preserving mechanisms. The ability to cope with desiccating conditions was correlated with habitat temperature but not with the rainfall gradient, implying that in the coastal region, temperature is likely to have a major impact on desiccation resistance rather than precipitation. Also, higher desiccation resistance was correlated with higher constitutive levels of Hsp74 in the foot tissue. HSPs were upregulated during desiccation, but the response was delayed and was milder in the most resistant population compared to the most susceptible one. Our study suggests that T. pisana populations from warmer habitats were more resistant to desiccation and developed distinct strategies of HSP expression for survival, namely, the maintenance of high constitutive levels of Hsp70 together with a delayed and limited response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Mizrahi
- Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel; 2Department of Evolution, Systematics, and Ecology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Yang C, Wang L, Wang J, Jiang Q, Qiu L, Zhang H, Song L. The polymorphism in the promoter of HSP70 gene is associated with heat tolerance of two congener endemic bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians and A. i. concentricus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102332. [PMID: 25028964 PMCID: PMC4100766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is one kind of molecular chaperones, which plays a key role in protein metabolism under normal and stress conditions. Methodology In the present study, the mRNA expressions of HSP70 under normal physiological condition and after acute heat stress were investigated in gills of two bay scallop populations (Argopecten irradians irradians and A. i. concentricus). The heat resistant scallops A. i. concentricus showed significantly lower basal level and higher induction of HSP70 compared with that of the heat sensitive scallops A. i. irradians. The promoter sequence of HSP70 gene from bay scallop (AiHSP70) was cloned and the polymorphisms within this region were investigated to analyze their association with heat tolerance. Totally 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, and four of them (−967, −480, −408 and −83) were associated with heat tolerance after HWE analysis and association analysis. Based on the result of linkage disequilibrium analysis, the in vitro transcriptional activities of AiHSP70 promoters with different genotype were further determined, and the results showed that promoter from A. i. concentricus exhibited higher transcriptional activity than that from A. i. irradians (P<0.05). Conclusions The results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the thermal adaptation of different congener endemic bay scallops, which suggested that the increased heat tolerance of A. i. concentricus (compared with A. i. irradians) was associated with the higher expression of AiHSP70. Meanwhile, the −967 GG, −480 AA, −408 TT and −83 AG genotypes could be potential markers for scallop selection breeding with higher heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (LS)
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiufen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (LS)
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17
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Stitt BC, Burness G, Burgomaster KA, Currie S, McDermid JL, Wilson CC. Intraspecific Variation in Thermal Tolerance and Acclimation Capacity in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Physiological Implications for Climate Change. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:15-29. [DOI: 10.1086/675259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Sequence and domain conservation of the coelacanth Hsp40 and Hsp90 chaperones suggests conservation of function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2013; 322:359-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Bedulina DS, Evgen'ev MB, Timofeyev MA, Protopopova MV, Garbuz DG, Pavlichenko VV, Luckenbach T, Shatilina ZM, Axenov-Gribanov DV, Gurkov AN, Sokolova IM, Zatsepina OG. Expression patterns and organization of thehsp70genes correlate with thermotolerance in two congener endemic amphipod species (Eulimnogammarus cyaneusandE. verrucosus) from Lake Baikal. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1416-30. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Bedulina
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Baikal Research Centre; Lenina str. 3 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - M. B. Evgen'ev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vaviolva str. 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institutskaya str. 3 Pushchino 142290 Russia
| | - M. A. Timofeyev
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Baikal Research Centre; Lenina str. 3 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - M. V. Protopopova
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; Lermontov str. 132 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - D. G. Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vaviolva str. 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - V. V. Pavlichenko
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences; Lermontov str. 132 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - T. Luckenbach
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology; Permoserstr.15 Leipzig 04318 Germany
| | - Z. M. Shatilina
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Baikal Research Centre; Lenina str. 3 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - D. V. Axenov-Gribanov
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Baikal Research Centre; Lenina str. 3 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - A. N. Gurkov
- Irkutsk State University; Karl-Marx str. 1 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
- Baikal Research Centre; Lenina str. 3 Irkutsk 664003 Russia
| | - I. M. Sokolova
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223 USA
| | - O. G. Zatsepina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vaviolva str. 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Yu H, Wan FH, Guo JY. Different thermal tolerance and hsp gene expression in invasive and indigenous sibling species of Bemisia tabaci. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Jiang X, Zhai H, Wang L, Luo L, Sappington TW, Zhang L. Cloning of the heat shock protein 90 and 70 genes from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and expression characteristics in relation to thermal stress and development. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:67-80. [PMID: 21842334 PMCID: PMC3227854 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (Se-hsp90 and Se-hsp70) were cloned from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and their expression was investigated in relation to cold shock, heat shock, and development. The open reading frames of Se-hsp90 and Se-hsp70 are 2,154 and 2,004 bp in length, encoding polypeptides of 717 and 667 amino acids with a molecular mass of 82.6 and 72.5 kDa, respectively. Both genes showed high similarity to their counterparts in other species. Transcriptional expression profiles revealed that both genes were significantly up-regulated under thermal stress. However, the temperature at which expression level became significantly higher than that of controls varied between genes. Intensity of response to temperature was more intense for Se-hsp70 than for Se-hsp90, regardless of temperature or developmental stage. However, intensities of response to temperature of either Se-hsp90 or Se-hsp70 varied with developmental stage. The basal expression of both genes was highest in young larvae and decreased with age. Translational expression of Se-Hsp70 was observed by using Western blot, the expression profiles of Se-Hsp70 protein were in high agreement with those of Se-hsp70 RNA under heat or cold stress in larvae and pupae. However, it does not completely accord with that of Se-hsp70 RNA expression during development without thermal stress. These results indicated that, in addition to heat shock responses, both Se-hsp90 and Se-hsp70 might be involved in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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22
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Chen A, Kramer EF, Purpura L, Krill JL, Zars T, Dawson-Scully K. The influence of natural variation at the foraging gene on thermotolerance in adult Drosophila in a narrow temperature range. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 197:1113-8. [PMID: 21861180 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poikilothermic organisms such as insects have mechanisms to protect neural function under high temperature stress. Natural variation at the foraging (for) locus of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, encoding a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), influences neural thermotolerance in Drosophila larvae. The current study re-examines thermotolerance of adult flies to account for inconsistencies in the documented role of for during hyperthermia. We found that adult for (R) (rover) flies with high PKG activity were incapacitated faster under hyperthermic conditions of 39°C compared to their lower PKG activity counterparts for (s) and for (s2) (sitters), but not at higher temperatures. This indicates that lowered PKG activity promotes tolerance to heat stress, and that the for gene influences thermotolerance for a narrow range of temperatures in adult flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Serafini L, Hann JB, Kültz D, Tomanek L. The proteomic response of sea squirts (genus Ciona) to acute heat stress: a global perspective on the thermal stability of proteins. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2011; 6:322-34. [PMID: 21839695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Congeners belonging to the genus Ciona have disparate distributions limited by temperature. Ciona intestinalis is more widespread with a cosmopolitan distribution ranging from tropical to sub-arctic zones, while Ciona savignyi is limited to temperate-latitudes of the northern Pacific Ocean. To compare the heat stress response between congeners, we quantified changes in protein expression using proteomics. Animals were exposed to 22°C, 25°C, and 28°C for 6h, then recovered at a control temperature (13°C) for 16h (high heat stress experiment). In a second experiment we exposed animals to lower levels of heat stress at 18°C, 20°C, and 23°C, with a 16°C control. A quantitative analysis, using 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry (with a 69% and 93% identification rate for Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi, respectively), showed changes in a number of protein functional groups, including molecular chaperones, extracellular matrix proteins, calcium-binding proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and proteins involved in energy metabolism. Our results indicate that C. intestinalis maintains higher constitutive levels of molecular chaperones than C. savignyi, suggesting that it is prepared to respond faster to thermal stress. Systematic discrepancies between estimated versus predicted molecular masses of identified proteins differed between protein families and were more pronounced under high heat conditions, suggesting that thermal sensitivities are lower for cytoskeletal proteins and ATP-synthase than for any other protein group represented on 2D gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Serafini
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Environmental Proteomics Laboratory, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-0401, USA
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24
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Comparative analysis on the expression of inducible HSPs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:3915-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fangue NA, Osborne EJ, Todgham AE, Schulte PM. The Onset Temperature of the Heat-Shock Response and Whole-Organism Thermal Tolerance Are Tightly Correlated in both Laboratory-Acclimated and Field-Acclimatized Tidepool Sculpins (Oligocottus maculosus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:341-52. [DOI: 10.1086/660113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Nyamukondiwa C, Terblanche JS, Marshall KE, Sinclair BJ. Basal cold but not heat tolerance constrains plasticity among Drosophila species (Diptera: Drosophilidae). J Evol Biol 2011; 24:1927-38. [PMID: 21658189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermal tolerance and its plasticity are important for understanding ectotherm responses to climate change. However, it is unclear whether plasticity is traded-off at the expense of basal thermal tolerance and whether plasticity is subject to phylogenetic constraints. Here, we investigated associations between basal thermal tolerance and acute plasticity thereof in laboratory-reared adult males of eighteen Drosophila species at low and high temperatures. We determined the high and low temperatures where 90% of flies are killed (ULT(90) and LLT(90) , respectively) and also the magnitude of plasticity of acute thermal pretreatments (i.e. rapid cold- and heat-hardening) using a standardized, species-specific approach for the induction of hardening responses. Regression analyses of survival variation were conducted in ordinary and phylogenetically informed approaches. Low-temperature pretreatments significantly improved LLT(90) in all species tested except for D. pseudoobscura, D. mojavensis and D. borealis. High-temperature pretreatment only significantly increased ULT(90) in D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. LLT(90) was negatively correlated with low-temperature plasticity even after phylogeny was accounted for. No correlations were found between ULT(90) and LLT(90) or between ULT(90) and rapid heat-hardening (RHH) in ordinary regression approaches. However, after phylogenetic adjustment, there was a positive correlation between ULT(90) and RHH. These results suggest a trade-off between basal low-temperature tolerance and acute low-temperature plasticity, but at high temperatures, increased basal tolerance was accompanied by increased plasticity. Furthermore, high- and low-temperature tolerances and their plasticity are clearly decoupled. These results are of broad significance to understanding how organisms respond to changes in habitat temperature and the degree to which they can adjust thermal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nyamukondiwa
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Matieland, South Africa.
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27
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Carmel J, Rashkovetsky E, Nevo E, Korol A. Differential Expression of Small Heat Shock Protein Genes Hsp23 and Hsp40, and heat shock gene Hsr-omega in Fruit Flies (Drosophila melanogaster) along a Microclimatic Gradient. J Hered 2011; 102:593-603. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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28
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Garbuz DG, Yushenova IA, Zatsepina OG, Przhiboro AA, Bettencourt BR, Evgen'ev MB. Organization and evolution of hsp70 clusters strikingly differ in two species of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) inhabiting thermally contrasting environments. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:74. [PMID: 21426536 PMCID: PMC3071340 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we described the heat shock response in dipteran species belonging to the family Stratiomyidae that develop in thermally and chemically contrasting habitats including highly aggressive ones. Although all species studied exhibit high constitutive levels of Hsp70 accompanied by exceptionally high thermotolerance, we also detected characteristic interspecies differences in heat shock protein (Hsp) expression and survival after severe heat shock. Here, we analyzed genomic libraries from two Stratiomyidae species from thermally and chemically contrasting habitats and determined the structure and organization of their hsp70 clusters. Results Although the genomes of both species contain similar numbers of hsp70 genes, the spatial distribution of hsp70 copies differs characteristically. In a population of the eurytopic species Stratiomys singularior, which exists in thermally variable and chemically aggressive (hypersaline) conditions, the hsp70 copies form a tight cluster with approximately equal intergenic distances. In contrast, in a population of the stenotopic Oxycera pardalina that dwells in a stable cold spring, we did not find hsp70 copies in tandem orientation. In this species, the distance between individual hsp70 copies in the genome is very large, if they are linked at all. In O. pardalina we detected the hsp68 gene located next to a hsp70 copy in tandem orientation. Although the hsp70 coding sequences of S. singularior are highly homogenized via conversion, the structure and general arrangement of the hsp70 clusters are highly polymorphic, including gross aberrations, various deletions in intergenic regions, and insertion of incomplete Mariner transposons in close vicinity to the 3'-UTRs. Conclusions The hsp70 gene families in S. singularior and O. pardalina evolved quite differently from one another. We demonstrated clear evidence of homogenizing gene conversion in the S. singularior hsp70 genes, which form tight clusters in this species. In the case of the other species, O. pardalina, we found no clear trace of concerted evolution for the dispersed hsp70 genes. Furthermore, in the latter species we detected hsp70 pseudogenes, representing a hallmark of the birth-and-death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Garbuz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Lyupina YV, Dmitrieva SB, Timokhova AV, Beljelarskaya SN, Zatsepina OG, Evgen'ev MB, Mikhailov VS. An important role of the heat shock response in infected cells for replication of baculoviruses. Virology 2010; 406:336-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Jensen LT, Cockerell FE, Kristensen TN, Rako L, Loeschcke V, McKechnie SW, Hoffmann AA. Adult heat tolerance variation in Drosophila melanogaster is not related to Hsp70 expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 313:35-44. [PMID: 19739085 DOI: 10.1002/jez.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expression of heat-inducible Hsp70 is considered closely linked to thermotolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and other ectotherms. However, intra-specific variation of Hsp70 expression levels and its relationship to heat resistance has only been investigated in a few studies. Although in Drosophila larvae Hsp70 expression may be a key determinant of heat tolerance, the evidence for this in adults is equivocal. We therefore examined heat-induced Hsp70 expression and several measurements of adult heat tolerance in three independent collections of D. melanogaster, measured in three laboratories and using slightly different protocols. Expression levels of Hsp70 were quantified using ELISA or Western blots on extracts from adult females. Both Hsp70 and heat tolerance exhibited substantial within-population variation as previously reported. However, in all experiments there were no significant correlation between Hsp70 expression and laboratory assays of adult heat tolerance commonly used in Drosophila. When combining data across three studies we had high power to detect associations but the results showed that variation in Hsp70 expression is only likely to explain a small proportion of variation in adult heat tolerance. Therefore, although Hsp70 expression is a major component of the cellular heat stress response, its influence on intra-specific heat tolerance variation may be life-stage specific.
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Nicholls S, Leach MD, Priest CL, Brown AJP. Role of the heat shock transcription factor, Hsf1, in a major fungal pathogen that is obligately associated with warm-blooded animals. Mol Microbiol 2009; 74:844-61. [PMID: 19818013 PMCID: PMC3675641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06883.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
All organisms have evolved mechanisms that protect them against environmental stress. The major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, has evolved robust stress responses that protect it against human immune defences and promote its pathogenicity. However, C. albicans is unlikely to be exposed to heat shock as it is obligatorily associated with warm-blooded animals. Therefore, we examined the role of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf1) in this pathogen. We show that C. albicans expresses an evolutionarily conserved Hsf1 (orf19.4775) that is phosphorylated in response to heat shock, induces transcription via the heat shock element (HSE), contributes to the global transcriptional response to heat shock, and is essential for viability. Why has Hsf1 been conserved in this obligate animal saprophyte? We reasoned that Hsf1 might contribute to medically relevant stress responses. However, this is not the case, as an Hsf1-specific HSE-lacZ reporter is not activated by oxidative, osmotic, weak acid or pH stress. Rather, Hsf1 is required for the expression of essential chaperones in the absence of heat shock (e.g. Hsp104, Hsp90, Hsp70). Furthermore, Hsf1 regulates the expression of HSE-containing genes in response to growth temperature in C. albicans. Therefore, the main role of Hsf1 in this pathogen might be the homeostatic modulation of chaperone levels in response to growth temperature, rather than the activation of acute responses to sudden thermal transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nicholls
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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32
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Garbuz DG, Yushenova IA, Evgen’ev MB, Zatsepina OG. Structural comparison of the hsp70 gene cluster in the Drosophila virilis species group. Mol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893309010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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KARL I, SØRENSEN JG, LOESCHCKE V, FISCHER K. HSP70 expression in the Copper butterflyLycaena tityrusacross altitudes and temperatures. J Evol Biol 2009; 22:172-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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GARBUZ DAVIDG, ZATSEPINA OLGAG, PRZHIBORO ANDREYA, YUSHENOVA IRINA, GUZHOVA IRINAV, EVGEN’EV MICHAELB. Larvae of related Diptera species from thermally contrasting habitats exhibit continuous up-regulation of heat shock proteins and high thermotolerance. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:4763-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Evidence of spatially varying selection acting on four chromatin-remodeling loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2008; 179:475-85. [PMID: 18245821 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.085423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The packaging of DNA into proper chromatin structure contributes to transcriptional regulation. This packaging is environment sensitive, yet its role in adaptation to novel environmental conditions is completely unknown. We set out to identify candidate chromatin-remodeling loci that are differentiated between tropical and temperate populations in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally equatorial African species that has recently colonized temperate environments around the world. Here we describe sequence variation at seven such chromatin-remodeling loci, four of which (chd1, ssrp, chm, and glu) exhibit strong differentiation between tropical and temperate populations. An in-depth analysis of chm revealed sequence differentiation restricted to a small portion of the gene, as well as evidence of clinal variation along the east coasts of both the United States and Australia. The functions of chd1, chm, ssrp, and glu point to several novel hypotheses for the role of chromatin-based transcriptional regulation in adaptation to a novel environment. Specifically, both stress-induced transcription and developmental homeostasis emerge as potential functional targets of environment-dependent selection.
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36
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Bhargav D, Pratap Singh M, Murthy RC, Mathur N, Misra D, Saxena DK, Kar Chowdhuri D. Toxic potential of municipal solid waste leachates in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ): hsp70 as a marker of cellular damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 69:233-45. [PMID: 17300838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are one of the major sources of environmental pollution. Leachates from these wastes might contaminate the water sources and affect quality of environment. The study was carried out to determine the possible toxic effects of leachates from MSW in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ). Third instar larvae exposed to 1.0-3.0% of these leachates at different time intervals were examined for hsp70 expression, oxidative stress enzyme activities, proteotoxicity, tissue damage along with effect on emergence and reproduction. Maximum hsp70 expression was observed in the larvae exposed to highly acidic leachates. Overwhelming of hsp70 expression in the exposed larvae caused a concomitant decline in total protein content and a significant elevation in oxidative stress enzymes and lipid peroxidation (LPO) product. The leachates caused a significant delay in emergence of flies and affected the reproductive performance of the flies at the tested concentrations. The present study highlights the toxic potential of MSW leachates and the advantage of Drosophila as a model to evaluate the impact of leachates at organismal and cellular levels, also advocating Hsp70 as the first tier indicator of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Bhargav
- Embryotoxicology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box No. 80; M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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37
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Evgen'ev MB, Garbuz DG, Shilova VY, Zatsepina OG. Molecular mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation of xeric animals. J Biosci 2007; 32:489-99. [PMID: 17536168 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-007-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For many years,we and our collaborators have investigated the adaptive role of heat shock proteins in different animals,including the representatives of homothermic and poikilothermic species that inhabit regions with contrasting thermal conditions. Adaptive evolution of the response to hyperthermia has led to different results depending upon the species. The thermal threshold of induction of heat shock proteins in desert thermophylic species is, as a rule, higher than in the species from less extreme climates. In addition,thermoresistant poikilothermic species often exhibit a certain level of heat shock proteins in cells even at a physiologically normal temperature. Furthermore,there is often a positive correlation between the characteristic temperature of the ecological niche of a given species and the amount of Hsp70-like proteins in the cells at normal temperature. Although in most cases adaptation to hyperthermia occurs without changes in the number of heat shock genes, these genes can be amplified in some xeric species. It was shown that mobile genetic elements may play an important role in the evolution and fine-tuning of the heat shock response system,and can be used for direct introduction of mutations in the promoter regions of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Evgen'ev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 32, Moscow 199991, Russia.
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38
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Starrett J, Waters ER. Positive natural selection has driven the evolution of the Hsp70s in Diguetia spiders. Biol Lett 2007; 3:439-44. [PMID: 17504732 PMCID: PMC2390669 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70s are a ubiquitous family of highly conserved proteins. Hsp70s are chaperones and have important roles in both protein folding and thermotolerance. It has been widely assumed that Hsp70 sequence evolution is governed by the strong functional constraints imposed by its crucial cellular functions. In this study of cytosolic heat-inducible Hsp70s from three spider families, we have found clear evidence of positive natural selection altering Hsp70s in desert-dwelling and heat-loving Diguetidae spiders. These spiders are a small family restricted to deserts. They display heat-tolerant behaviours not seen in their closest relatives, the Pholcidae and Plectreuridae.
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Huang LH, Kang L. Cloning and interspecific altered expression of heat shock protein genes in two leafminer species in response to thermal stress. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 16:491-500. [PMID: 17651238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2007.00744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated differences in temperature tolerance between two Liriomyza species, L. huidobrensis and L. sativae. To investigate whether the heat shock proteins (Hsps) in the two species have different expression profiles during temperature stress, we cloned hsp90, 70, 60, 40 and 20, and analysed their expression profiles across temperature gradients by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The results revealed that the number of TATA-box-like elements and A/T-rich insertion/deletions within the 5' UTRs of the hsps are different in the two species. The temperatures for onset (T(on)) or maximal (T(max)) induction of hsp expression in L. huidobrensis were generally 2.5-10 degrees C lower than those in L. sativae, and the T(on) were highly consistent with the temperature limits of the northern boundary of the range of these two leafminer species. These studies confirmed, in terms of gene expression levels, that L. huidobrensis is more cold tolerant than L. sativae, which is more heat tolerant, and suggest that the T(on) (or T(max)) of hsps can represent the differences in temperature tolerance of these two leafminer species, and may be used to determine their natural geographical distribution limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Dahlhoff EP, Rank NE. The role of stress proteins in responses of a montane willow leaf beetle to environmental temperature variation. J Biosci 2007; 32:477-88. [PMID: 17536167 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-007-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response is a critical mechanism by which organisms buffer effects of variable and unpredictable environmental temperatures. Upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps) increases survival after exposure to stressful conditions in nature, although benefits of Hsp expression are often balanced by costs to growth and reproductive success. Hsp-assisted folding of variant polypeptides may prevent development of unfit phenotypes; thus, some differences in Hsp expression among natural populations of ectotherms may be due to interactions between enzyme variants (allozymes) and Hsps. In the Sierra willow leaf beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis, which lives in highly variable thermal habitats at the southern edge of their range in the Eastern Sierra Nevada, California, allele frequencies at the enzyme locus phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) vary across a climatic latitudinal gradient. PGI allozymes differ in kinetic properties,and expression of a 70 kDa Hsp differs between populations, along elevation gradients,and among PGI genotypes. Differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes correspond to differences in thermal tolerance and traits important for reproductive success, such as running speed, survival and fecundity. Thus, differential Hsp expression among genotypes may allow functionally important genetic variation to persist, allowing populations to respond effectively to environmental change.
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41
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Renner T, Waters ER. Comparative genomic analysis of the Hsp70s from five diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:172-85. [PMID: 17688196 PMCID: PMC1949330 DOI: 10.1379/csc-230r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified 24 members of the DnaK subfamily of heat shock 70 proteins (Hsp70s) in the complete genomes of 5 diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes. The Hsp70s are a ubiquitous protein family that is highly conserved across all domains of life. Eukaryotic Hsp70s are found in a number of subcellular compartments in the cell: cytoplasm, mitochondrion (MT), chloroplast (CP), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although the Hsp70s have been the subject of intense study in model organisms, very little is known of the Hsp70s from early diverging photosynthetic lineages. The sequencing of the complete genomes of Thalassiosira pseudonana (a diatom), Cyanidioschyzon merolae (a red alga), and 3 green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Ostreococcus tauri) allow us to conduct comparative genomics of the Hsp70s present in these diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes. We have found that the distinct lineages of Hsp70s (MT, CP, ER, and cytoplasmic) each have different evolutionary histories. In general, evolutionary patterns of the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum Hsp70s are relatively stable even among very distantly related organisms. This is not true of the chloroplast Hsp70s and we discuss the distinct evolutionary patterns between "green" and "red" plastids. Finally, we find that, in contrast to the angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa that have numerous cytoplasmic Hsp70, the 5 algal species have only 1 cytoplasmic Hsp70 each. The evolutionary and functional implications of these differences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Renner
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
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42
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Wang X, Xu C, Wang X, Wang D, Wang Q, Zhang B. Heat shock response and mammal adaptation to high elevation (hypoxia). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 49:500-12. [PMID: 17172058 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-006-2027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammal's high elevation (hypoxia) adaptation was studied by using the immunological and the molecular biological methods to understand the significance of Hsp (hypoxia) adaptation in the organic high elevation, through the mammal heat shock response. (1) From high elevation to low elevation (natural hypoxia): Western blot and conventional RT-PCR and real-time fluorescence quota PCR were adopted. Expression difference of heat shock protein of 70 (Hsp70) and natural expression of brain tissue of Hsp70 gene was determined in the cardiac muscle tissue among the different elevation mammals (yak). (2) From low elevation to high elevation (hypoxia induction): The mammals (domestic rabbits) from the low elevation were sent directly to the areas with different high elevations like 2300, 3300 and 5000 m above sea level to be raised for a period of 3 weeks before being slaughtered and the genetic inductive expression of the brain tissue of Hsp70 was determined with RT-PCR. The result indicated that all of the mammals at different elevations possessed their heat shock response gene. Hsp70 of the high elevation mammal rose abruptly under stress and might be induced to come into being by high elevation (hypoxia). The speedy synthesis of Hsp70 in the process of heat shock response is suitable to maintain the cells' normal physiological functions under stress. The Hsp70 has its threshold value. The altitude of 5000 m above sea level is the best condition for the heat shock response, and it starts to reduce when the altitude is over 6000 m above sea level. The Hsp70 production quantity and the cell hypoxia bearing capacity have their direct ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Northwest Plateau Biological Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China.
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43
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Shilova VY, Garbuz DG, Myasyankina EN, Chen B, Evgen'ev MB, Feder ME, Zatsepina OG. Remarkable site specificity of local transposition into the Hsp70 promoter of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2006; 173:809-20. [PMID: 16582443 PMCID: PMC1526513 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.053959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock genes have numerous features that ought to predispose them to insertional mutagenesis via transposition. To elucidate the evolvability of heat-shock genes via transposition, we have exploited a local transposition technique and Drosophila melanogaster strains with EPgy2 insertions near the Hsp70 gene cluster at 87A7 to produce numerous novel EPgy2 insertions into these Hsp70 genes. More than 50% of 45 independent insertions were made into two adjacent nucleotides in the proximal promoter at positions -96 and -97, and no insertions were into a coding or 3'-flanking sequence. All inserted transposons were in inverse orientation to the starting transposon. The frequent insertion into nucleotides -96 and -97 is consistent with the DNase hypersensitivity, absence of nucleosomes, flanking GAGA-factor-binding sites, and nucleotide sequence of this region. These experimental insertions recapitulated many of the phenotypes of natural transposition into Hsp70: reduced mRNA expression, less Hsp70 protein, and decreased inducible thermotolerance. The results suggest that the distinctive features of heat-shock promoters, which underlie the massive and rapid expression of heat-shock genes upon heat shock, also are a source of evolutionary variation on which natural selection can act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Y Shilova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Shilova VY, Garbuz DG, Evgen’ev MB, Zatsepina OG. Small heat shock proteins and adaptation of various Drosophila species to hyperthermia. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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KELLETT M, HOFFMANN AA, MCKECHNIE SW. Hardening capacity in the Drosophila melanogaster species group is constrained by basal thermotolerance. Funct Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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McMILLAN DM, FEARNLEY SL, RANK NE, DAHLHOFF EP. Natural temperature variation affects larval survival, development and Hsp70 expression in a leaf beetle. Funct Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Tomanek L. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the heat-shock response in marine snails(genus Tegula): interspecific variation in protein expression and acclimation ability. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:3133-43. [PMID: 16081611 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The degree to which temperature acclimation modifies the acute synthesis of the entire heat-shock protein (Hsp) complement is still unknown, but it may constitute an important mechanism for understanding the differences in acclimation ability among closely related ectothermic species that occupy widely varying thermal environments. In general, eurythermal (heat-tolerant)species modify physiological function in response to an increase in acclimation temperature to a greater extent than stenothermal (heat-sensitive)species. In the present work I used 35S-labelled amino acids and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to test this assumption for how acclimation affects acute Hsp expression (referred to as phenotypic plasticity) in two heat-sensitive, low-intertidal to subtidal zone turban snails, Tegula brunnea and T. montereyi, in comparison to a heat-tolerant, mid- to low-intertidal zone congener, T. funebralis. I was able (i) to detect the synthesis of over 30 proteins in gill tissue,primarily in the 70 kDa range, in response to an increase in temperature(13°C, 24°C, 27°C and 30°C), (ii) to assess the effect of acclimation (13°C vs 22°C) on acute Hsp synthesis, and (iii)to compare this effect among the three Tegula congeners. After increasing acclimation temperature from 13°C to 22°C, synthesis of the most highly expressed Hsps decreased more in T. brunnea and T. montereyi than in T. funebralis. Two highly expressed proteins of molecular mass 71 and 74 kDa, however, were also synthesized constitutively at 13°C and changed with increasing acclimation temperature in all three species. Although similar in phenotypic plasticity, T. brunnea and T. montereyi synthesized either a 76 or a 72 kDa cluster of proteins,respectively, and differed in how acclimation affected the acute synthesis of several 77 kDa proteins. Thus, in Tegula, the effect of acclimation on Hsp expression is (i) Hsp-specific, (ii) dependent on a protein's expression pattern (constitutive and inducible vs only inducible),(iii) and is actually limited in the more eurythermal mid- to low-intertidal congener. These results contradict the general assumption that greater heat tolerance correlates with an increased ability to modify physiological function in response to acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tomanek
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950-3094, USA.
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48
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Evgen’ev MB, Garbuz DG, Zatsepina OG. Heat Shock Proteins: Functions and Role in Adaptation to Hyperthermia. Russ J Dev Biol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11174-005-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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49
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EDGERLY JS, TADIMALLA A, DAHLHOFF EP. Adaptation to thermal stress in lichen-eating webspinners (Embioptera): habitat choice, domicile construction and the potential role of heat shock proteins. Funct Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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Zatsepina OG, Karavanov AA, Garbuz DG, Shilova V, Tornatore P, Evgen'ev MB. Use of surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight to identify heat shock protein 70 isoforms in closely related species of the virilis group of Drosophila. Cell Stress Chaperones 2005; 10:12-6. [PMID: 15832943 PMCID: PMC1074565 DOI: 10.1379/csc-71.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp) family in all Drosophila species includes 2 environmentally inducible family members, Hsp70 and Hsp68. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed an unusual pattern of heat shock-inducible proteins in the species of the virilis group. Trypsin fingerprinting and microsequencing of tryptic peptides using ProteinChip Array technology identified the major isoelectric variants of Hsp70 family, including Hsp68 isoforms that differ in both molecular mass and isoelectric point from those in Drosophila melanogaster. The peculiar electrophoretic mobility is consistent with the deduced amino acid sequence of corresponding hsp genes from the species of the virilis group.
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