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Färber N, Reitler J, Schäfer J, Westerhausen C. Transport Across Cell Membranes is Modulated by Lipid Order. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200282. [PMID: 36651118 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study measures the uptake of various dyes into HeLa cells and determines simultaneously the degree of membrane lipid chain order on a single cell level by spectral analysis of the membrane-embedded dye Laurdan. First, this study finds that the mean generalized polarization (GP) value of single cells varies within a population in a range that is equivalent to a temperature variation of 9 K. This study exploits this natural variety of membrane order to examine the uptake as a function of GP at constant temperature. It is shown that transport across the cell membrane correlates with the membrane phase state. Specifically, higher membrane transport with increasing lipid chain order is observed. As a result, hypothermal-adapted cells with reduced lipid membrane order show less transport. Environmental factors influence transport as well. While increasing temperature reduces lipid order, it is found that locally high cell densities increase lipid order and in turn lead to increased dye uptake. To demonstrate the physiological relevance, membrane state and transport during an in vitro wound healing process are analyzed. While the uptake within a confluent cell layer is high, it decreases toward the center where the membrane lipid chain order is lowest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Färber
- Experimental Physics I, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Reitler
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schäfer
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Westerhausen
- Experimental Physics I, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 2, 86159, Augsburg, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799, Munich, Germany
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Paeger A, Fillafer C, Schneider MF. Evidence for a transition in the cortical membranes of Paramecium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184073. [PMID: 36243036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the pioneering studies in the 1960s and 70s, the importance of order transitions for cell membrane functions has remained a matter of debate. Recently, it has been proposed that the nonlinear stimulus-response curve of excitable cells, which manifests in all-or-none pulses (action potentials (AP)), is due to a transition in the cell membrane. Indeed, evidence for transitions has accumulated in plant cells and neurons, but studies with other excitable cells are expedient in order to show if this finding is of a general nature. Herein, we investigated intact, motile specimens of the "swimming neuron" Paramecium. The cellular membranes were labelled with the solvatochromic fluorophores LAURDAN or Di-4-ANEPPDHQ. Subsequently, a cell was trapped in a microfluidic channel and investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The generalized polarization (GP) of the fluorescence emission from cell cortical membranes (probably plasma and alveolar membranes) was extracted by an edge-finding algorithm. The thermo-optical state diagram, i.e. the dependence of GP on temperature, exhibited clear indications for a reversible transition. This transition had a width of ~10-15 °C and a midpoint that was located ~4 °C below the growth temperature. The state diagrams with LAURDAN and Di-4-ANEPPDHQ had widely identical characteristics. These results suggested that the cortical membranes of Paramecium reside in an order transition regime under physiological growth conditions. Based on these findings, membrane potential fluctuations, spontaneous depolarizing spikes, and thermal excitation of Paramecium was interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Paeger
- Medical and Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christian Fillafer
- Medical and Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Matthias F Schneider
- Medical and Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Schnitzler LG, Paeger A, Brugger MS, Schneider MF, Westerhausen C. Reversible single cell trapping of Paramecium caudatum to correlate swimming behavior and membrane state. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:024102. [PMID: 35282034 PMCID: PMC8896893 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single cell measurements with living specimen like, for example, the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum can be a challenging task. We present here a microfluidic trapping mechanism for measurements with these micro-organisms that can be used, e.g., for optical measurements to correlate cellular functions with the phase state of the lipid membrane. Here, we reversibly trap single cells in small compartments. Furthermore, we track and analyze the swimming behavior of single cells over several minutes. Before and after reversible trapping the swimming speed is comparable, suggesting that trapping does not have a large effect on cell behavior. Last, we demonstrate the feasibility of membrane order measurements on living cells using the fluorescent dye 6-lauryl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Laurdan).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Paeger
- Medical and Biological Physics, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Matthias F. Schneider
- Medical and Biological Physics, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Shimada Y, Hasegawa Y, Harada Y, Nakamura R, Matsuoka T, Arikawa M. Signaling in temperature-induced resting cyst formation in the ciliated protozoan Colpoda cucullus. Eur J Protistol 2021; 79:125800. [PMID: 34049128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The terrestrial ciliated protozoan Colpoda cucullus inhabits soil. When the habitat conditions become unfavorable, the vegetative cells of C. cucullus quickly transform into resting cysts. C. cucullus culture is established in our laboratory, and encystment is routinely induced by the addition of Ca2+ to overpopulated vegetative cells. However, an increase in Ca2+ concentration and overpopulation of vegetative cells do not always occur in natural. We investigated the effect of temperature and found that cyst formation was induced by a rapid increase of 5 °C within 2 min but not by a decrease. Moreover, an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations is essential, but Ca2+ inflow does not necessarily occur during encystment. Ca2+ image analysis showed that Ca2+ is stored in vesicular structures and released into the cytoplasm within 60 s after temperature stimulation. Multiple signaling pathways are activated after the release of Ca2+ from vesicles, and cAMP is a candidate second messenger with a crucial role in the process of temperature-induced encystment. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the sensing of temperature and release of Ca2+ from vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Applied Science Program, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yuya Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Applied Science Program, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yuya Harada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Applied Science Program, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Rikiya Nakamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Applied Science Program, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tatsuomi Matsuoka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Arikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
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Lipidomics Reveals Mitochondrial Membrane Remodeling Associated with Acute Thermoregulation in a Rodent with a Wide Thermoneutral Zone. Lipids 2014; 49:715-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ariöz C, Götzke H, Lindholm L, Eriksson J, Edwards K, Daley DO, Barth A, Wieslander A. Heterologous overexpression of a monotopic glucosyltransferase (MGS) induces fatty acid remodeling in Escherichia coli membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1862-70. [PMID: 24726609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The membrane protein monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase (MGS) from Acholeplasma laidlawii is responsible for the creation of intracellular membranes when overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The present study investigates time dependent changes in composition and properties of E. coli membranes during 22h of MGS induction. The lipid/protein ratio increased by 38% in MGS-expressing cells compared to control cells. Time-dependent screening of lipids during this period indicated differences in fatty acid modeling. (1) Unsaturation levels remained constant for MGS cells (~62%) but significantly decreased in control cells (from 61% to 36%). (2) Cyclopropanated fatty acid content was lower in MGS producing cells while control cells had an increased cyclopropanation activity. Among all lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was detected to be the most affected species in terms of cyclopropanation. Higher levels of unsaturation, lowered cyclopropanation levels and decreased transcription of the gene for cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (CFA) all indicate the tendency of the MGS protein to force E. coli membranes to alter its usual fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Ariöz
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hansjörg Götzke
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Lindholm
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonny Eriksson
- BMC, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- BMC, Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel O Daley
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ake Wieslander
- The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jin K, Klima JC, Deane G, Dale Stokes M, Latz MI. Pharmacological investigation of the bioluminescence signaling pathway of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum: evidence for the role of stretch-activated ion channels. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:733-745. [PMID: 27007206 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellate bioluminescence serves as a whole-cell reporter of mechanical stress, which activates a signaling pathway that appears to involve the opening of voltage-sensitive ion channels and release of calcium from intracellular stores. However, little else is known about the initial signaling events that facilitate the transduction of mechanical stimuli. In the present study using the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, two forms of dinoflagellate bioluminescence, mechanically stimulated and spontaneous flashes, were used as reporter systems to pharmacological treatments that targeted various predicted signaling events at the plasma membrane level of the signaling pathway. Pretreatment with 200 μM Gadolinium III (Gd(3+) ), a nonspecific blocker of stretch-activated and some voltage-gated ion channels, resulted in strong inhibition of both forms of bioluminescence. Pretreatment with 50 μM nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels that inhibits mechanically stimulated bioluminescence, did not inhibit spontaneous bioluminescence. Treatment with 1 mM benzyl alcohol, a membrane fluidizer, was very effective in stimulating bioluminescence. Benzyl alcohol-stimulated bioluminescence was inhibited by Gd(3+) but not by nifedipine, suggesting that its role is through stretch activation via a change in plasma membrane fluidity. These results are consistent with the presence of stretch-activated and voltage-gated ion channels in the bioluminescence mechanotransduction signaling pathway, with spontaneous flashing associated with a stretch-activated component at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Jason C Klima
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Grant Deane
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Malcolm Dale Stokes
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Michael I Latz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
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Duncan AB, Fellous S, Quillery E, Kaltz O. Adaptation of Paramecium caudatum to variable conditions of temperature stress. Res Microbiol 2011; 162:939-44. [PMID: 21575715 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The environment is rarely constant and organisms are exposed to spatial and temporal variation that will impact life-histories. It is important to understand how such variation affects the adaptation of organisms to their local environment. We compare the adaptation of populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum exposed to constant (23 °C or 35 °C) and temporally variable temperature environments (random daily fluctuations between 23 °C or 35 °C). Consistent with theory, our experiment shows the evolution of specialists when evolution proceeds in constant environments and generalists when the environment is temporally variable. In addition, we demonstrate costs for specialists of being locally adapted through reduced fitness in novel environments. Conversely, we do not find any costs for generalists, as all populations from variable environments had equal or superior performance to specialists in their own environment. The lack of a cost for generalists is emphasised by the presence of a super generalist that has the highest performance at both assay temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Duncan
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM), UMR 5554, Université Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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Nakaoka Y, Itoh J, Shimizu K. Orientation of paramecium swimming in a static magnetic field: Dependence on membrane lipid fluidity. Bioelectromagnetics 2010; 32:66-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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