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Gerwin J, Torres-Dowdall J, Brown TF, Meyer A. Expansion and Functional Diversification of Long-Wavelength-Sensitive Opsin in Anabantoid Fishes. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:432-448. [PMID: 38861038 PMCID: PMC11291592 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Gene duplication is one of the most important sources of novel genotypic diversity and the subsequent evolution of phenotypic diversity. Determining the evolutionary history and functional changes of duplicated genes is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of adaptive evolution. The evolutionary history of visual opsin genes is very dynamic, with repeated duplication events followed by sub- or neofunctionalization. While duplication of the green-sensitive opsins rh2 is common in teleost fish, fewer cases of multiple duplication events of the red-sensitive opsin lws are known. In this study, we investigate the visual opsin gene repertoire of the anabantoid fishes, focusing on the five lws opsin genes found in the genus Betta. We determine the evolutionary history of the lws opsin gene by taking advantage of whole-genome sequences of nine anabantoid species, including the newly assembled genome of Betta imbellis. Our results show that at least two independent duplications of lws occurred in the Betta lineage. The analysis of amino acid sequences of the lws paralogs of Betta revealed high levels of diversification in four of the seven transmembrane regions of the lws protein. Amino acid substitutions at two key-tuning sites are predicted to lead to differentiation of absorption maxima (λmax) between the paralogs within Betta. Finally, eye transcriptomics of B. splendens at different developmental stages revealed expression shifts between paralogs for all cone opsin classes. The lws genes are expressed according to their relative position in the lws opsin cluster throughout ontogeny. We conclude that temporal collinearity of lws expression might have facilitated subfunctionalization of lws in Betta and teleost opsins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gerwin
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julián Torres-Dowdall
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Thomas F Brown
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cellular Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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2
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Matsuo M, Matsuyama M, Kobayashi T, Kanda S, Ansai S, Kawakami T, Hosokawa E, Daido Y, Kusakabe TG, Naruse K, Fukamachi S. Retinal Cone Mosaic in sws1-Mutant Medaka ( Oryzias latipes), A Teleost. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:21. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources/NIBB Center of the Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taichi Kawakami
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Erika Hosokawa
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Daido
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takehiro G. Kusakabe
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology and Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources/NIBB Center of the Interuniversity Bio-Backup Project, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Torres-Dowdall J, Karagic N, Härer A, Meyer A. Diversity in visual sensitivity across Neotropical cichlid fishes via differential expression and intraretinal variation of opsin genes. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1880-1891. [PMID: 33619757 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The visual system of vertebrates has greatly contributed to our understanding of how different molecular mechanisms shape adaptive phenotypic diversity. Extensive work on African cichlid fishes has shown how variation in opsin gene expression mediates diversification as well as convergent evolution in colour vision. This trait has received less attention in Neotropical cichlids, the sister lineage to African cichlids, but the work done so far led to the conclusion that colour vision is much less variable in Neotropical species. However, as only few taxa have been investigated and as recent work found contradicting patterns, the diversity in meotropical cichlids might be greatly underestimated. Here, we survey patterns of opsin gene expression in 35 representative species of Neotropical cichlids, revealing much more variation than previously known. This diversity can be attributed to two main mechanisms: (i) differential expression of the blue-sensitive sws2a, the green-sensitive rh2a, and the red-sensitive lws opsin genes, and (ii) simultaneous expression of up to five opsin genes, instead of only three as commonly found, in a striking dorsoventral pattern across the retina. This intraretinal variation in opsin genes expression results in steep gradients in visual sensitivity that may represent a convergent adaptation to clear waters with broad light environments. These results highlight the role and flexibility of gene expression in generating adaptive phenotypic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Torres-Dowdall
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nidal Karagic
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Härer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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4
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Tsujimura T. Mechanistic insights into the evolution of the differential expression of tandemly arrayed cone opsin genes in zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:465-475. [PMID: 32712957 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The genome of many organisms contains several loci consisting of duplicated genes that are arrayed in tandem. The daughter genes produced by duplication typically exhibit differential expression patterns with each other or otherwise experience pseudogenization. Remarkably, opsin genes in fish are preserved after many duplications in different lineages. This fact indicates that fish opsin genes are characterized by a regulatory mechanism that could intrinsically facilitate the differentiation of the expression patterns. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the differential expression patterns or how they were established during evolution. The loci of green (RH2)- and red (LWS)-sensitive cone opsin genes in zebrafish have been used as model systems to study the differential regulation of tandemly arrayed opsin genes. Over a decade of studies have uncovered several mechanistic features that might have assisted the differentiation and preservation of duplicated genes. Furthermore, recent progress in the understanding of the transcriptional process in general has added essential insights. In this article, the current understanding of the transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed tandemly arrayed cone opsin genes in zebrafish is summarized and a possible evolutionary scenario that could achieve this differentiation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tsujimura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Sibeaux A, Keser ML, Cole GL, Kranz AM, Endler JA. How viewing objects with the dorsal or ventral retina affects colour-related behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Vision Res 2019; 158:78-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sandkam B, Dalton B, Breden F, Carleton K. Reviewing guppy color vision: integrating the molecular and physiological variation in visual tuning of a classic system for sensory drive. Curr Zool 2018; 64:535-545. [PMID: 30108634 PMCID: PMC6084590 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory drive predicts coevolution of mate choice signals with the sensory systems detecting those signals. Guppies are a classic model for sensory drive as mate preferences based on coloration differ across individuals and populations. A large body of work has identified variation in color vision, yet we lack a direct tie between how such variation in color vision influences variation in color preference. Here we bring together studies that have investigated guppy vision over the past 40 years to: (1) highlight our current understanding of where variation occurs in the guppy color vision pathway and (2) suggest future avenues of research into sources of visual system variation that could influence guppy color preference. This will allow researchers to design careful studies that couple measures of color preference with measures of visual system variation from the same individual or population. Such studies will finally provide important answers as to what sets the direction and speed of mate preference evolution via sensory drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sandkam
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Brian Dalton
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Carleton
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
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7
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Kranz AM, Cole GL, Singh P, Endler JA. Colour pattern component phenotypic divergence can be predicted by the light environment. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1459-1476. [PMID: 29947081 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sensory drive hypothesis predicts that across different light environments sexually selected colour patterns will change to increase an animal's visual communication efficiency within different habitats. This is because individuals with more efficient signal components are likely to have more successful matings and hence produce more offspring. However, how colour pattern signals change over multiple generations under different light environmental conditions has not been tested experimentally. Here, we manipulated colour pattern signal efficiency by providing different ambient light environments over multiple generations to examine whether male colour pattern components change within large replicated populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We report that colour patches change within populations over time and are phenotypically different among our three different light environments. Visual modelling suggests that the majority of these changes can be understood by considering the chroma, hue and luminance of each colour patch as seen by female guppies under each light environment. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that different environmental conditions during signal reception can directly or indirectly drive the phenotypic diversification of visual signals within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrea M Kranz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, 3216, Australia
| | - Gemma L Cole
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, 3216, Australia
| | - Priti Singh
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, 3216, Australia
| | - John A Endler
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, 3216, Australia
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8
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Kranz AM, Forgan LG, Cole GL, Endler JA. Light environment change induces differential expression of guppy opsins in a multi-generational evolution experiment. Evolution 2018; 72:1656-1676. [PMID: 29920667 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light environments critically impact species that rely on vision to survive and reproduce. Animal visual systems must accommodate changes in light that occur from minutes to years, yet the mechanistic basis of their response to spectral (color) changes is largely unknown. Here, we used a laboratory experiment where replicate guppy populations were kept under three different light environments for up to 8-12 generations to explore possible differences in the expression levels of nine guppy opsin genes. Previous evidence for opsin expression-light environment "tuning" has been either correlative or focused exclusively on the relationship between the light environment and opsin expression over one or two generations. In our multigeneration experiment, the relative expression levels of nine different guppy opsin genes responded differently to light environment changes: some did not respond, while others differed due to phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, for the LWS-1 opsin we found that, while we observed a wide range of plastic responses under different light conditions, common plastic responses (where the population replicates all followed the same trajectory) occurred only after multigenerational exposure to different light environments. Taken together this suggests that opsin expression plasticity plays an important role in light environment "tuning" in different light environments on different time scales, and, in turn, has important implications for both visual system function and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrea M Kranz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Leonard G Forgan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gemma L Cole
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - John A Endler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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9
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Jacobs GH. Photopigments and the dimensionality of animal color vision. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 86:108-130. [PMID: 29224775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early color-matching studies established that normal human color vision is trichromatic. Subsequent research revealed a causal link between trichromacy and the presence in the retina of three classes of cone photopigments. Over the years, measurements of the photopigment complements of other species have expanded greatly and these are frequently used to predict the dimensionality of an animal's color vision. This review provides an account of how the linkage between the number of active photopigments and the dimensions of human color vision developed, summarizes the various mechanisms that can impact photopigment spectra and number, and provides an across-species survey to examine cases where the photopigment link to the dimensionality of color vision has been claimed. The literature reveals numerous instances where the human model fails to account for the ways in which the visual systems of other animals exploit information obtained from the presence of multiple photopigments in support of their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald H Jacobs
- Department of Psychological and Brain Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Iwanicki TW, Novales Flamarique I, Ausiό J, Morris E, Taylor JS. Fine-tuning light sensitivity in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) retina: Regional variation in photoreceptor cell morphology and opsin gene expression. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2328-2342. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom W. Iwanicki
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Iñigo Novales Flamarique
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Juan Ausiό
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Emily Morris
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - John S. Taylor
- Department of Biology; University of Victoria; Victoria British Columbia Canada
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Kawamura S, Kasagi S, Kasai D, Tezuka A, Shoji A, Takahashi A, Imai H, Kawata M. Spectral sensitivity of guppy visual pigments reconstituted in vitro to resolve association of opsins with cone cell types. Vision Res 2016; 127:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Gagnon YL, Wilby D, Temple SE. Losing focus: how lens position and viewing angle affect the function of multifocal lenses in fishes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:1901-1909. [PMID: 27607515 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light rays of different wavelengths are focused at different distances when they pass through a lens (longitudinal chromatic aberration [LCA]). For animals with color vision this can pose a serious problem, because in order to perceive a sharp image the rays must be focused at the shallow plane of the photoreceptor's outer segments in the retina. A variety of fish and tetrapods have been found to possess multifocal lenses, which correct for LCA by assigning concentric zones to correctly focus specific wavelengths. Each zone receives light from a specific beam entrance position (BEP) (the lateral distance between incoming light and the center of the lens). Any occlusion of incoming light at specific BEPs changes the composition of the wavelengths that are correctly focused on the retina. Here, we calculated the effect of lens position relative to the plane of the iris and light entering the eye at oblique angles on how much of the lens was involved in focusing the image on the retina (measured as the availability of BEPs). We used rotational photography of fish eyes and mathematical modeling to quantify the degree of lens occlusion. We found that, at most lens positions and viewing angles, there was a decrease of BEP availability and in some cases complete absence of some BEPs. Given the implications of these effects on image quality, we postulate that three morphological features (aphakic spaces, curvature of the iris, and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity) may, in part, be adaptations to mitigate the loss of spectral image quality in the periphery of the eyes of fishes.
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Tsujimura T, Masuda R, Ashino R, Kawamura S. Spatially differentiated expression of quadruplicated green-sensitive RH2 opsin genes in zebrafish is determined by proximal regulatory regions and gene order to the locus control region. BMC Genet 2015; 16:130. [PMID: 26537431 PMCID: PMC4634787 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish are remarkably diverse in repertoires of visual opsins by gene duplications. Differentiation of their spatiotemporal expression patterns and absorption spectra enables fine-tuning of feature detection in spectrally distinct regions of the visual field during ontogeny. Zebrafish have quadruplicated green-sensitive (RH2) opsin genes in tandem (RH2-1, −2, −3, −4), which are expressed in the short member of the double cones (SDC). The shortest wavelength RH2 subtype (RH2-1) is expressed in the central to dorsal area of the adult retina. The second shortest wave subtype (RH2-2) is expressed overlapping with RH2-1 but extending outside of it. The second longest wave subtype (RH2-3) is expressed surrounding the RH2–2 area, and the longest wave subtype (RH2-4) is expressed outside of the RH2-3 area broadly occupying the ventral area. Expression of the four RH2 genes in SDC requires a single enhancer (RH2-LCR), but the mechanism of their spatial differentiation remains elusive. Results Functional comparison of the RH2-LCR with its counterpart in medaka revealed that the regulatory role of the RH2-LCR in SDC-specific expression is evolutionarily conserved. By combining the RH2-LCR and the proximal upstream region of each RH2 gene with fluorescent protein reporters, we show that the RH2-LCR and the RH2-3 proximal regulatory region confer no spatial selectivity of expression in the retina. But those of RH2-1, −2 and −4 are capable of inducing spatial differentiation of expression. Furthermore, by analyzing transgenic fish with a series of arrays consisting of the RH2-LCR and multiple upstream regions of the RH2 genes in different orders, we show that a gene expression pattern related to an upstream region is greatly influenced by another flanking upstream region in a relative position-dependent manner. Conclusions The zebrafish RH2 genes except RH2-3 acquired differential cis-elements in the proximal upstream regions to specify the differential expression patterns. The input from these proximal elements collectively dictates the actual gene expression pattern of the locus, context-dependently. Importantly, competition for the RH2-LCR activity among the replicates is critical in this collective regulation, facilitating differentiation of expression among them. This combination of specificity and generality enables seemingly complicated spatial differentiation of duplicated opsin genes characteristic in fish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0288-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tsujimura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Tissue Engineering, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Masuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Ashino
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Shoji Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8562, Chiba, Japan.
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14
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Hurtado-Gonzales JL, Loew ER, Uy JAC. Variation in the visual habitat may mediate the maintenance of color polymorphism in a poeciliid fish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101497. [PMID: 24987856 PMCID: PMC4079317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conspicuousness of animal signals is influenced by their contrast against the background. As such, signal conspicuousness will tend to vary in nature because habitats are composed of a mosaic of backgrounds. Variation in attractiveness could result in variation in conspecific mate choice and risk of predation, which, in turn, may create opportunities for balancing selection to maintain distinct polymorphisms. We quantified male coloration, the absorbance spectrum of visual pigments and the photic environment of Poecilia parae, a fish species with five distinct male color morphs: a drab (i.e., grey), a striped, and three colorful (i.e., blue, red and yellow) morphs. Then, using physiological models, we assessed how male color patterns can be perceived in their natural visual habitats by conspecific females and a common cichlid predator, Aequidens tetramerus. Our estimates of chromatic and luminance contrasts suggest that the three most colorful morphs were consistently the most conspicuous across all habitats. However, variation in the visual background resulted in variation in which morph was the most conspicuous to females at each locality. Likewise, the most colorful morphs were the most conspicuous morphs to cichlid predators. If females are able to discriminate between conspicuous prospective mates and those preferred males are also more vulnerable to predation, variable visual habitats could influence the direction and strength of natural and sexual selection, thereby allowing for the persistence of color polymorphisms in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellis R. Loew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Albert C. Uy
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
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15
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Tezuka A, Kasagi S, van Oosterhout C, McMullan M, Iwasaki WM, Kasai D, Yamamichi M, Innan H, Kawamura S, Kawata M. Divergent selection for opsin gene variation in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) populations of Trinidad and Tobago. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:381-9. [PMID: 24690753 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The guppy is known to exhibit remarkable interindividual variations in spectral sensitivity of middle to long wavelength-sensitive (M/LWS) cone photoreceptor cells. The guppy has four M/LWS-type opsin genes (LWS-1, LWS-2, LWS-3 and LWS-4) that are considered to be responsible for this sensory variation. However, the allelic variation of the opsin genes, particularly in terms of their absorption spectrum, has not been explored in wild populations. Thus, we examined nucleotide variations in the four M/LWS opsin genes as well as blue-sensitive SWS2-B and ultraviolet-sensitive SWS1 opsin genes for comparison and seven non-opsin nuclear loci as reference genes in 10 guppy populations from various light environments in Trinidad and Tobago. For the first time, we discovered a potential spectral variation (180 Ser/Ala) in LWS-1 that differed at an amino acid site known to affect the absorption spectra of opsins. Based on a coalescent simulation of the nucleotide variation of the reference genes, we showed that the interpopulation genetic differentiation of two opsin genes was significantly larger than the neutral expectation. Furthermore, this genetic differentiation was significantly related to differences in dissolved oxygen (DO) level, and it was not explained by the spatial distance between populations. The DO levels are correlated with eutrophication that possibly affects the color of aquatic environments. These results suggest that the population diversity of opsin genes is significantly driven by natural selection and that the guppy could adapt to various light environments through color vision changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tezuka
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Kasagi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - C van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - M McMullan
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - W M Iwasaki
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - D Kasai
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - M Yamamichi
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Japan
| | - H Innan
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Japan
| | - S Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - M Kawata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Rennison DJ, Owens GL, Taylor JS. Opsin gene duplication and divergence in ray-finned fish. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:986-1008. [PMID: 22178363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Opsin gene sequences were first reported in the 1980s. The goal of that research was to test the hypothesis that human opsins were members of a single gene family and that variation in human color vision was mediated by mutations in these genes. While the new data supported both hypotheses, the greatest contribution of this work was, arguably, that it provided the data necessary for PCR-based surveys in a diversity of other species. Such studies, and recent whole genome sequencing projects, have uncovered exceptionally large opsin gene repertoires in ray-finned fishes (taxon, Actinopterygii). Guppies and zebrafish, for example, have 10 visual opsin genes each. Here we review the duplication and divergence events that have generated these gene collections. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that large opsin gene repertories in fish have been generated by gene duplication and divergence events that span the age of the ray-finned fishes. Data from whole genome sequencing projects and from large-insert clones show that tandem duplication is the primary mode of opsin gene family expansion in fishes. In some instances gene conversion between tandem duplicates has obscured evolutionary relationships among genes and generated unique key-site haplotypes. We mapped amino acid substitutions at so-called key-sites onto phylogenies and this exposed many examples of convergence. We found that dN/dS values were higher on the branches of our trees that followed gene duplication than on branches that followed speciation events, suggesting that duplication relaxes constraints on opsin sequence evolution. Though the focus of the review is opsin sequence evolution, we also note that there are few clear connections between opsin gene repertoires and variation in spectral environment, morphological traits, or life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Rennison
- University of Victoria, Department of Biology, Station CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3N5
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