1
|
Johansen JL, Mitchell MD, Vaughan GO, Ripley DM, Shiels HA, Burt JA. Impacts of ocean warming on fish size reductions on the world's hottest coral reefs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5457. [PMID: 38951524 PMCID: PMC11217398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of ocean warming on fish and fisheries is vigorously debated. Leading theories project limited adaptive capacity of tropical fishes and 14-39% size reductions by 2050 due to mass-scaling limitations of oxygen supply in larger individuals. Using the world's hottest coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf as a natural laboratory for ocean warming - where species have survived >35.0 °C summer temperatures for over 6000 years and are 14-40% smaller at maximum size compared to cooler locations - we identified two adaptive pathways that enhance survival at elevated temperatures across 10 metabolic and swimming performance metrics. Comparing Lutjanus ehrenbergii and Scolopsis ghanam from reefs both inside and outside the Persian/Arabian Gulf across temperatures of 27.0 °C, 31.5 °C and 35.5 °C, we reveal that these species show a lower-than-expected rise in basal metabolic demands and a right-shifted thermal window, which aids in maintaining oxygen supply and aerobic performance to 35.5 °C. Importantly, our findings challenge traditional oxygen-limitation theories, suggesting a mismatch in energy acquisition and demand as the primary driver of size reductions. Our data support a modified resource-acquisition theory to explain how ocean warming leads to species-specific size reductions and why smaller individuals are evolutionarily favored under elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Johansen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Matthew D Mitchell
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Grace O Vaughan
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- BiOrbic, Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Ripley
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John A Burt
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Mubadala ACCESS Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glazier DS, Gjoni V. Interactive effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on metabolic rate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220489. [PMID: 38186280 PMCID: PMC10772614 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism energizes all biological processes, and its tempo may importantly influence the ecological success and evolutionary fitness of organisms. Therefore, understanding the broad variation in metabolic rate that exists across the living world is a fundamental challenge in biology. To further the development of a more reliable and holistic picture of the causes of this variation, we review several examples of how various intrinsic (biological) and extrinsic (environmental) factors (including body size, cell size, activity level, temperature, predation and other diverse genetic, cellular, morphological, physiological, behavioural and ecological influences) can interactively affect metabolic rate in synergistic or antagonistic ways. Most of the interactive effects that have been documented involve body size, temperature or both, but future research may reveal additional 'hub factors'. Our review highlights the complex, intimate inter-relationships between physiology and ecology, knowledge of which can shed light on various problems in both disciplines, including variation in physiological adaptations, life histories, ecological niches and various organism-environment interactions in ecosystems. We also discuss theoretical and practical implications of interactive effects on metabolic rate and provide suggestions for future research, including holistic system analyses at various hierarchical levels of organization that focus on interactive proximate (functional) and ultimate (evolutionary) causal networks. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vojsava Gjoni
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57609, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prinzing TS, Bigman JS, Skelton ZR, Dulvy NK, Wegner NC. The allometric scaling of oxygen supply and demand in the California horn shark, Heterodontus francisci. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246054. [PMID: 37493039 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The gill surface area of aquatic ectotherms is thought to be closely linked to the ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate, a relationship that is often used to explain and predict ecological patterns across species. However, there are surprisingly few within-species tests of whether metabolic rate and gill area scale similarly. We examined the relationship between oxygen supply (gill area) and demand (metabolic rate) by making paired estimates of gill area with resting and maximum metabolic rates across ontogeny in the relatively inactive California horn shark, Heterodontus francisci. We found that the allometric slope of resting metabolic rate was 0.966±0.058 (±95% CI), whereas that of maximum metabolic rate was somewhat steeper (1.073±0.040). We also discovered that the scaling of gill area shifted with ontogeny: the allometric slope of gill area was shallower in individuals <0.203 kg in body mass (0.564±0.261), but increased to 1.012±0.113 later in life. This appears to reflect changes in demand for gill-oxygen uptake during egg case development and immediately post hatch, whereas for most of ontogeny, gill area scales in between that of resting and maximum metabolic rate. These relationships differ from predictions of the gill oxygen limitation theory, which argues that the allometric scaling of gill area constrains metabolic processes. Thus, for the California horn shark, metabolic rate does not appear limited by theoretical surface-area-to-volume ratio constraints of gill area. These results highlight the importance of data from paired and size-matched individuals when comparing physiological scaling relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Prinzing
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Jennifer S Bigman
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Zachary R Skelton
- Ocean Associates Inc., under contract to Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Nicholas C Wegner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-González JR, Nicieza AG. Declining metabolic scaling parallels an ontogenetic change from elongate to deep-bodied shapes in juvenile Brown trout. Curr Zool 2023; 69:294-303. [PMID: 37351295 PMCID: PMC10284058 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Body shape and metabolic rate can be important determinants of animal performance, yet often their effects on influential traits are evaluated in a non-integrated way. This creates an important gap because the integration between shape and metabolism may be crucial to evaluate metabolic scaling theories. Here, we measured standard metabolic rate in 1- and 2-years old juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta, and used a geometric morphometrics approach to extricate the effects of ontogeny and size on the link between shape and metabolic scaling. We evidenced near-isometric ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate with size, but also a biphasic pattern driven by a significant change in metabolic scaling, from positive to negative allometry. Moreover, the change in metabolic allometry parallels an ontogenetic change from elongate to deep-bodied shapes. This is consistent with the dynamic energy budget (DEB) and surface area (SA) theories, but not with the resource transport network theory which predicts increasing allometric exponents for trends towards more robust, three-dimensional bodies. In addition, we found a relationship between body shape and size independent metabolic rate, with a positive correlation between robustness and metabolic rate, which fits well within the view of Pace-of-Life Syndromes (POLS). Finally, our results align with previous studies that question the universality of metabolic scaling exponents and propose other mechanistic models explaining the diversity of metabolic scaling relationships or emphasizing the potential contribution of ecological factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Rubén Sánchez-González
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Animal Science-Wildlife Section, University of Lleida, 25006 Lleida, Spain
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias-CSIC, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang S, Li D, Feng L, Zhang C, Xi D, Liu H, Yan C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yan T, He Z, Wu J, Gong Q, Du J, Huang X, Du X. Transcriptome analysis reveals the high temperature induced damage is a significant factor affecting the osmotic function of gill tissue in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:2. [PMID: 36597034 PMCID: PMC9809011 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining osmotic equilibrium plays an important role in the survival of cold-water fishes. Heat stress has been proven to reduce the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the gill tissue, leading to destruction of the osmotic equilibrium. However, the mechanism of megatemperature affecting gill osmoregulation has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was used to analyze histopathological change, plasma ion level, and transcriptome of gill tissue subjected to 20℃, 24℃and 28℃. The results showed that ROS level and damage were increased in gill tissue with the increasing of heat stress temperature. Plasma Cl- level at 28℃ was distinctly lower than that at 20℃ and 24℃, while no significant difference was found in Na+ and K+ ion levels among different groups. Transcriptome analysis displayed that osmoregulation-, DNA-repair- and apoptosis-related terms or pathways were enriched in GO and KEGG analysis. Moreover, 194 osmoregulation-related genes were identified. Amongst, the expression of genes limiting ion outflow, occluding (OCLN), and ion absorption, solute carrier family 4, member 2 (AE2) solute carrier family 9, member 3 (NHE3) chloride channel 2 (CLC-2) were increased, while Na+/K+-ATPase alpha (NKA-a) expression was decreased after heat stress. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals for the first time that the effect of heat stress on damage and osmotic regulation in gill tissue of cold-water fishes. Heat stress increases the permeability of fish's gill tissue, and induces the gill tissue to keep ion balance through active ion absorption and passive ion outflow. Our study will contribute to research of global-warming-caused effects on cold-water fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Datian Li
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Langkun Feng
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Dandan Xi
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Hongli Liu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chaozhan Yan
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zihan Xu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yunkun Li
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Taiming Yan
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Zhi He
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Quan Gong
- grid.465230.60000 0004 1777 7721Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
| | - Jun Du
- grid.465230.60000 0004 1777 7721Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forlenza AE, Galbraith HS, Blakeslee CJ, Glazier DS. Ontogenetic changes in body shape and the scaling of metabolic rate in the American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:430-437. [DOI: 10.1086/721189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Ontogeny of the Respiratory Area in Relation to Body Mass with Reference to Resting Metabolism in the Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846). FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is the fundamental process dictating material and energy fluxes through organisms. Several studies have suggested that resting metabolic scaling in various aquatic invertebrates is positively correlated with changes in body shape and the scaling of body surface area, which agrees with the surface area theory, but contradicts the negative correlations predicted by the resource–transport network theory. However, the relationship between resting metabolic scaling and respiration area, particularly in asymmetric fish that have undergone dramatically rapid metamorphosis, remains unclear. In this morphometric study in an asymmetric fish species (Paralichthys olivaceus), I compared my results with previous reports on resting metabolic scaling. I measured the respiratory area of P. olivaceus specimens aged 11–94 days (body weight, 0.00095–1.30000 g, respectively) to determine whether and how the resting metabolic scaling is associated with changes in body shape and respiratory area. Resting metabolic scaling might be more closely related to body surface area, because their slopes exactly corresponded with each other, than to respiratory area. Furthermore, confirming the surface area theory, it was linked to changes in body shape, but not from the resource–transport network theory. These findings provide new insights into the scaling mechanisms of area in relation to metabolism in asymmetric fish.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong W, Zhu Y, Zhang P, Xu Y, Zhou J, Zhang J, Luo Y. Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in silver carp. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 337:141-149. [PMID: 34492171 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The association between temperature and metabolic scaling varies among species, which could be due to variation in the surface area and its scaling. This study aims to examine the effect of temperature on metabolic scaling and to verify the links between metabolic scaling and surface area scaling at both the whole body and the cell levels. The routine metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA), ventilation frequency (VF), red blood cell surface area (SRBC ), and metabolic rate (MRRBC ) were determined in silver carp, and their mass-scaling exponents were analyzed at 10 and 25°C. These results showed that body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA, and VF, suggesting constant scaling exponents of RMR (0.772), GSA (0.912), and VF (-0.282) with changing temperature. The RMR at 25°C was 2.29 times higher than that at 10°C, suggesting increased metabolic demand at a higher temperature. The results showed that the RMR increased, while the scaling exponents of RMR, GSA, and VF remained unchanged with increasing temperature. These results support the view that the scaling of oxygen supply capacity importantly affects metabolic scaling. The SRBC did not change with either temperature or body mass. However, the MRRBC increased by 5.48 times from 10 to 25°C but did not change with body mass. As the scaling exponents of RMR did not change between temperatures, the results indicate that no obvious link exists between the scaling of both the cell size and cell metabolic rate and the metabolic scaling of silver carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu H, Xu K, He L, Wang G. A model for the relationship between plant biomass and photosynthetic rate based on nutrient effects. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Han‐Jian Hu
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Kang Xu
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Ling‐Chao He
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Gen‐Xuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Christensen EAF, Svendsen MBS, Steffensen JF. The combined effect of body size and temperature on oxygen consumption rates and the size-dependency of preferred temperature in European perch Perca fluviatilis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:794-803. [PMID: 32557687 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study determined the effect of body mass and acclimation temperature (15-28°C) on oxygen consumption rate (ṀO2 ) and the size dependency of preferred temperature in European perch Perca fluviatilis. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) scaled allometrically with body mass by an exponent of 0.86, and temperature influenced SMR with a Q10 of 1.9 regardless of size. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (MMR-SMR) scaled allometrically with body mass by exponents of 0.75-0.88. The mass scaling exponents of MMR and aerobic scope changed with temperature and were lowest at the highest temperature. Consequently, the optimal temperature for aerobic scope decreased with increasing body mass. Notably, fish <40 g did not show a decrease aerobic scope with increasing temperature. Factorial aerobic scope (MMR × SMR-1 ) generally decreased with increasing temperatures, was unaffected by size at the lower temperatures, and scaled negatively with body mass at the highest temperature. Similar to the optimal temperature for aerobic scope, preferred temperature declined with increasing body mass, unaffectedly by acclimation temperature. The present study indicates a limitation in the capacity for oxygen uptake in larger fish at high temperatures. A constraint in oxygen uptake at high temperature may restrict the growth of larger fish with environmental warming, at least if food availability is not limited. Furthermore, behavioural thermoregulation may be contributing to regional changes in the size distribution of fish in the wild caused by global warming as larger individuals will prefer colder water at higher latitudes and at larger depths than smaller conspecifics with increasing environmental temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil A F Christensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Morten B S Svendsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo Y, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhou J, Shen C, Xia D, Djiba PK, Xie H, Lv X, Jia J, Li G. Ventilation Frequency Reveals the Roles of Exchange Surface Areas in Metabolic Scaling. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:13-22. [PMID: 31657971 DOI: 10.1086/706115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The surface area (SA) theory proposes that resting metabolic rate (RMR) scales with body mass, which parallels the exchange SA of organisms, and that a species with a larger scaling exponent of exchange SA has a larger scaling exponent of RMR. However, the effects of exchange SA on metabolic scaling may be eclipsed because oxygen transfer across the respiratory surface is determined not only by the exchange SA but also by ventilation. We hypothesize that the scaling of both gill surface area (GSA) and ventilation frequency (VF) positively affects the scaling of metabolic rate. In six closely related species of carp maintained under the same experimental conditions, the scaling exponents of RMR and GSA were analyzed. In the goldfish, RMR scaled with body mass by an exponent significantly lower than that of GSA but not different from the exponents of GSA in the remaining five species. The scaling exponent of RMR was positively related to those of both GSA and VF among the species. In addition, the VF-corrected metabolic scaling exponent was positively related to the scaling exponent of GSA among the species. These results suggest that variations in GSA scaling and in VF scaling among species mutually affect metabolic scaling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Q, Zhu X, Xiong W, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Djiba PK, Lv X, Luo Y. Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in black carp. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9242. [PMID: 32518735 PMCID: PMC7261118 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface area (SA) of organs and cells may vary with temperature, which changes the SA exchange limitation on metabolic flows as well as the influence of temperature on metabolic scaling. The effect of SA change can intensify (when the effect is the same as that of temperature) or compensate for (when the effect is the opposite of that of temperature) the negative effects of temperature on metabolic scaling, which can result in multiple patterns of metabolic scaling with temperature among species. The present study aimed to examine whether metabolic scaling in black carp changes with temperature and to identify the link between metabolic scaling and SA at the organ and cellular levels at different temperatures. The resting metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA) and red blood cell (RBC) size of black carp with different body masses were measured at 10 °C and 25 °C, and the scaling exponents of these parameters were compared. The results showed that both body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA and RBC size of black carp. A consistent scaling exponent of RMR (0.764, 95% CI [0.718-0.809]) was obtained for both temperatures. The RMR at 25 °C was 2.7 times higher than that at 10 °C. At both temperatures, the GSA scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.802 (95% CI [0.759-0.846]), while RBC size scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.042 (95% CI [0.010-0.075]). The constant GSA scaling can explain the constant metabolic scaling as temperature increases, as metabolism may be constrained by fluxes across surfaces. The GSA at 10 °C was 1.2 times higher than that at 25 °C, which suggests that the constraints of GSA on the metabolism of black carp is induced by the higher temperature. The RBC size at 10 °C was 1.1 times higher than that at 25 °C. The smaller RBC size (a larger surface-to-volume ratio) at higher temperature suggests an enhanced oxygen supply and a reduced surface boundary limit on b R, which offset the negative effect of temperature on b R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pathe Karim Djiba
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Activity alters how temperature influences intraspecific metabolic scaling: testing the metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:445-454. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
14
|
Klymasz-Swartz AK, Allen GJP, Treberg JR, Yoon GR, Tripp A, Quijada-Rodriguez AR, Weihrauch D. Impact of climate change on the American lobster (Homarus americanus): Physiological responses to combined exposure of elevated temperature and pCO 2. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 235:202-210. [PMID: 31207282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological consequences of exposing marine organisms to predicted future ocean scenarios, i.e. simultaneous increase in temperature and pCO2, have only recently begun to be investigated. Adult American lobster (Homarus americanus) were exposed to either current (16 °C, 47 Pa pCO2, pH 8.10) or predicted year 2300 (20 °C, 948 Pa pCO2, pH 7.10) ocean parameters for 14-16 days prior to assessing physiological changes in their hemolymph parameters as well as whole animal ammonia excretion and resting metabolic rate. Acclimation of lobster simultaneously to elevated pCO2 and temperature induced a prolonged respiratory acidosis that was only partially compensated for via accumulation of extracellular HCO3- and ammonia. Furthermore, acclimated animals possessed significantly higher ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption rates suggesting that future ocean scenarios may increase basal energetic demands on H. americanus. Enzyme activity related to protein metabolism (glutamine dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) in hepatopancreas and muscle tissue were unaltered in future ocean scenario exposed animals; however, muscular citrate synthase activity was reduced suggesting that, while protein catabolism may be unchanged, the net energetic output of muscle may be compromised in future scenarios. Overall, H. americanus acclimated to ocean conditions predicted for the year 2300 appear to be incapable of fully compensating against climate change-related acid-base challenges and experience an increase in metabolic waste excretion and oxygen consumption. Combining our study with past literature on H. americanus suggests that the whole lifecycle from larvae to adult stages is at risk of severe growth, survival and reproductive consequences due to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Garett J P Allen
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Jason R Treberg
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Gwangseok R Yoon
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Ashley Tripp
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada
| | | | - Dirk Weihrauch
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, Winnipeg, R3T2N2, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|