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Qiu L, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhou L, Zhang H, Zhong G, Zhang L, Tang J. Heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF) drives radioresistance in breast cancer by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 19:344. [PMID: 34376200 PMCID: PMC8353798 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although reports implicate radioresistance as an important obstacle for the management of breast cancer, its molecular mechanism is elusive. Herein, we found that high HDGF levels are expressed significantly in breast cancer and exhibit a positive association with poor survival prognosis. Heparin-binding growth factor (HDGF) was upregulated in radioresistant breast cancer cells, however, its knockdown could reduce breast cancer radioresistant both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the binding of RXRα to HDGF promoter blocked HDGF transcriptional activity, consequently inhibiting breast cancer radioresistance. The enhanced radioresistant activity of HDGF is induced by TKT and STAT3, impacting the STAT3-Tyr705 and STAT3-Ser727 phosphorylation and STAT3 transcriptional activity. Notably, HDGF depletion renders radioresistant hypersensitive to the drug that targets STAT3 phosphorylation. This article demonstrates the novel function of HDGF as a promising molecular target for predicting radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Qiu
- Oncology Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Oncology Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guansheng Zhong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Koh HM, Hyun CL, Jang BG, Lee HJ. The relationship between hepatoma-derived growth factor and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23837. [PMID: 33371164 PMCID: PMC7748309 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) promotes cancer progression and metastasis by interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor, thereby inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Recent studies have correlated increased HDGF levels with poor prognosis in various malignancies, including lung cancer. This meta-analysis systematically assessed the prognostic significance of HDGF expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching literature in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane library until June 2020. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined to assess the relationship between HDGF expression and clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC. RESULTS The pooled HRs between high HDGF expression and clinical outcome were 2.20 (95% CI 1.75-2.76, P < .001) and 2.77 (95% CI 1.79-4.29, P < .001) for overall survival and disease-free survival, respectively. High HDGF expression was significantly correlated with a larger tumor size (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02-2.46, P = .040). CONCLUSION HDGF expression is related to clinical outcome and may be a prognostic marker in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zhao M, Cui H, Zhao B, Li M, Man H. Long intergenic non‑coding RNA LINC01232 contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by sequestering microRNA‑654‑3p and consequently promoting hepatoma‑derived growth factor expression. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2007-2018. [PMID: 33125097 PMCID: PMC7595671 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNA 01232 (LINC01232) was identified as a critical regulator of the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The present study investigated the expression and regulatory roles of LINC01232 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The main aim of the present study was to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which LINC01232 affects the malignancy of ESCC. Initially, LINC01232 expression in ESCC was analyzed using the TCGA and GTEx databases and was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ESCC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration and invasion were assessed using the Cell Counting kit-8 assay, flow cytometric analysis, and migration and invasion assays, respectively. ESCC tumor growth in vivo was examined using a xenograft mouse model. As shown by the results, a high LINC01232 expression was detected in ESCC tissues and cell lines. LINC01232 downregulation suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells, and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, LINC01232 depletion restricted tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC01232 was shown to function as an microRNA-654-3p (miR-654-3p) sponge in ESCC cells, and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was identified as a direct target of miR-654-3p. LINC01232 could bind competitively to miR-654-3p and decrease its expression in ESCC cells, thereby promoting HDGF expression. Rescue experiments reconfirmed that the effects of LINC01232 deficiency in ESCC cells were restored by increasing the output of the miR-654-3p/HDGF axis. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that LINC01232 plays a tumor-promoting role during the progression of ESCC by regulating the miR-654-3p/HDGF axis. The LINC01232/miR-654-3p/HDGF pathway may thus provide a novel theoretical basis for the management of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Haishan Cui
- Department of Endoscopy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Baisui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Man
- Department of Endoscopy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028007, P.R. China
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Enomoto H, Nakamura H, Nishikawa H, Nishiguchi S, Iijima H. Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor: An Overview and Its Role as a Potential Therapeutic Target Molecule for Digestive Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124216. [PMID: 32545762 PMCID: PMC7352308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was identified in research seeking to find a novel growth factor for hepatoma cells. Subsequently, four HDGF-related proteins were identified, and these proteins are considered to be members of a new gene family. HDGF has a growth-stimulating role, an angiogenesis-inducing role, and a probable anti-apoptotic role. HDGF is ubiquitously expressed in non-cancerous tissues, and participates in organ development and in the healing of damaged tissues. In addition, the high expression of HDGF was reported to be closely associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in several malignant diseases. Thus, HDGF is considered to contribute to the development and progression of malignant disease. We herein provide a brief overview of the factor and its functions in relation to benign and malignant cells. We also describe its possible role as a target molecule for digestive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirayuki Enomoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6111
| | - Hideji Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka 550-0006, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (H.I.)
| | - Shuhei Nishiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kano General Hospital, Oska 531-0041, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Iijima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (H.N.); (H.I.)
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Lin YW, Huang ST, Wu JC, Chu TH, Huang SC, Lee CC, Tai MH. Novel HDGF/HIF-1α/VEGF axis in oral cancer impacts disease prognosis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1083. [PMID: 31711427 PMCID: PMC6849302 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) participates in angiogenesis and represents a negative prognostic factor in oral cancer. The current study was designed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism between HDGF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the clinical impact of oral cancer. METHODS TCGA data and surgical samples from oral cancer patients were used for the clinicopathological parameter and survival analysis. Human oral cancer SCC4 and SAS cells were treated with recombinant HDGF protein. VEGF gene expression and protein level were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The signaling pathways for regulating VEGF expression were investigated. The nucleolin neutralizing antibody and HIF-1α inhibitor were applied to SCC4 cells to investigate their effects on the HDGF-stimulated VEGF pathways. RESULTS TCGA and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a positive correlation between HDGF and VEGF expression in oral cancer tissues. Recombinant HDGF significantly increased VEGF gene and protein expression in oral cancer SCC4 cells in a dose-dependent manner. HDGF enhanced the phosphorylation levels of AKT and IkB and the protein level of HIF-1α and NF-κB. The nucleolin-neutralizing antibody abolished HDGF-stimulated HIF-1α, NF-κB and VEGF protein expression in SCC4 cells. The HIF-1α inhibitor antagonized the HDGF-induced VEGF gene expression. High VEGF expression was strongly correlated with HDGF expression, advanced disease, and poor survival. CONCLUSION This study postulated a new pathway in which HDGF activated HIF-1α and then induced VEGF expression through binding to membrane nucleolin under normoxic conditions, leading to poor disease control. The HDGF/HIF-1α/VEGF axis is important for developing future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Huang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ching Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan. .,Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Liu C, Wang L, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Zhu L, Lin L, Jiang H, Lin D, Xiao Y, Fang W, Guo S. Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor and DDX5 Promote Carcinogenesis and Progression of Endometrial Cancer by Activating β-Catenin. Front Oncol 2019; 9:211. [PMID: 31032220 PMCID: PMC6470266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our previous work determined the correlation between high nuclear expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and clinicopathological data of endometrial cancer (EC); however, the modulatory mechanisms and biological role of HDGF in EC have not been reported. Methods: Lentiviral particles carrying human HDGF short hairpin RNA (shHDGF-1, -2, and -3) vector and plasmids for HDGF, DDX5, and β-catenin expression were, respectively introduced into EC cells to evaluate the effects and molecular mechanisms underlying EC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to determine HDGF and DDX5 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), mass spectrometry, and an immunofluorescence co-localization study were conducted to explore the relationship between HDGF, DDX5, and β-catenin. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the clinical associations between HDGF and DDX5 in EC. Results: Knocking down HDGF expression significantly decreased EC cellular proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, HDGF overexpression reversed these effects. Stable knockdown-based HDGF suppression activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, along with downstream β-catenin-mediated cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling. Furthermore, co-IP combined with mass spectrometry and an immunofluorescence co-localization study indicated that HDGF interacts with DDX5, whereas β-catenin was associated with DDX5 but not HDGF. Overexpression of DDX5 reversed the suppression of shHDGF. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that high expression of DDX5 constituted an unfavorable factor with respect to the clinicopathological characteristics of EC tissues and that HDGF and DDX5 high expression (HDGF+/DDX5+) led to a worse prognosis for patients with EC (P < 0.001). In addition, we found that the expression of HDGF and DDX5 was positively correlated in EC tissues (r = 0.475, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results provide novel evidence that HDGF interacts with DDX5 and promotes the progression of EC through the induction of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Litong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyi Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Liang S, Li Y, Gao F, Zheng L, Tian S, Yang P, Li L. Hepatoma-derived growth factor functions as an unfavorable prognostic marker of human gliomas. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:7179-7184. [PMID: 29344149 PMCID: PMC5754909 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) regulates various cellular processes involved in the onset and development of tumors. To evaluate the role of HDGF in human gliomas, western blotting analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect HDGF protein and mRNA expression levels in glioma and intractable epileptic brain tissue. Various clinicopathological characteristics, including age, gender, World health Organization grade, HDGF expression level, Karnofsky performance Status (KPS) and Ki-67 index were obtained from medical records. The correlation between HDGF expression and these clinicopathological characteristics was statistically evaluated. Following this, multivariate liner regression was used to evaluate their effect on patient survival time. HDGF expression, at the protein and mRNA levels, was observed to be more upregulated in glioma tissues compared with intractable epileptic brain tissue without tumor. Furthermore, the level of HDGF expression was positively associated with the grade of malignancy [grades II~IV, Ki-67 index ≥20% or KPS <80 (P<0.05)] and poor prognosis in glioma patients. Notably, the univariate survival analysis identified a negative correlation between HDGF-expression and survival time (P<0.01) and multivariate liner regression demonstrated that HDGF expression is an independent prognostic factor for gliomas (P=0.01). Overall, HDGF upregulation may be a crucial step in the development and invasion of glioma. Further survival analysis highlighted its prognostic value for this malignancy, implying its potential as a promising therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 451st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 3rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation, Army, Baoji, Shaanxi 721000, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Shilai Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donggang Branch of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 451st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
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Downregulated expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMP2, MMP9. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190725. [PMID: 29300772 PMCID: PMC5754131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is commonly over-expressed and plays critical roles in the development and progression in a variety of cancers. It has previously been shown that HDGF is overregulated in prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostate cells, which is correlated with cellular migration and invasion of prostate cancer. Here, the molecular mechanisms of HDGF in prostate cancer is investigated. It is shown that HDGF knockdown reduces prostate cancer cellular migration and invasion in both androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells and androgen-insensitive DU145 and PC3 cells. Furthermore, Western blot analysis reveals that HDGF knockdown inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostate cancer cells by upregulation of protein E-cadherin and downregulation of proteins N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Slug. In addition, mechanistic studies reveal that proteins MMP2 and MMP9 are down-regulated. In conclusion, our data suggested that HDGF knockdown inhibits cellular migration and invasion in vitro of prostate cancer via modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway, as well as MMP2 and MMP9 signaling pathway. These results supported that HDGF is a relevant protein in the progression of prostate cancer and may serve as a potentially therapeutic target for prostate cancer as well as its downstream targets.
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9
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Yang J, Nies MK, Fu Z, Damico R, Korley FK, Hassoun PM, Ivy DD, Austin ED, Everett AD. Hepatoma-derived Growth Factor Predicts Disease Severity and Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:1264-1272. [PMID: 27254543 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2498oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease, and pulmonary microvascular remodeling is an important contributor to PAH development. Therefore, we hypothesized that a circulating angiogenic factor could predict disease severity and survival. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the relationship of serum hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) with PAH disease severity and survival. METHODS Using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we evaluated circulating HDGF levels in two independent PAH cohorts and two different characterized control cohorts. Clinical and laboratory data were also used to assess the value of HDGF as a PAH prognostic biomarker. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum HDGF levels were significantly elevated in two independent PAH cohorts. Importantly, serum HDGF levels were not elevated in a noncardiac chronic disease cohort. Further, patients with elevated HDGF had significantly lower exercise tolerance, worse New York Heart Association functional class, and higher levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. HDGF was a strong predictor of mortality, with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-10.3; P = 0.003 by log-rank test). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, elevated HDGF levels predicted decreased survival after being adjusted for age, PAH subtype, invasive hemodynamics, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HDGF was associated with worse functional class, exertional intolerance, and increased mortality in PAH, suggesting HDGF as a potential biomarker for predicting mortality and as having possible diagnostic value for distinguishing PAH from non-PAH. HDGF may add additional value in PAH risk stratification in clinical trials and may represent a potential target for future PAH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- 1 Division of Pediatric Cardiology
| | | | - Zongming Fu
- 2 Division of Pediatric Hematology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Rachel Damico
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Frederick K Korley
- 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - David D Ivy
- 5 Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Eric D Austin
- 6 Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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10
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Yang GY, Zhang AQ, Wang J, Li CH, Wang XQ, Pan K, Zhou C, Dong JH. Hepatoma-derived growth factor promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 34:274-85. [PMID: 27273265 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) on growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Tissue microarrays with 236 HCC specimens and 18 extrahepatic metastases were utilized to detect the HDGF expression by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, HDGF expressions in HCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials were examined using immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and western blotting. After HDGF silencing, the growth and metastatic potentials of HCC cells were evaluated by soft agar assay, invasion assay, together with tumorigenicity assay in nude mice. The gelatin zymography was performed by detecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Additionally, western blotting was conducted to determine the levels of total and phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and Akt. The results showed that HDGF was overexpressed in HCC metastasis tumour, and the expression increased with the differentiation degree of tumours (Grade I 44.0%, Grade II 48.4% and Grade III 65.6%). Consistently, HDGF levels were positively associated with the metastatic capability of HCC cells (MHCC97L < MHCC97H < HCCLM3). The growth and metastasis were suppressed by HDGF-siRNA. Gelatinolytic activities were enhanced in the three metastatic HCC cell lines, but had no significant difference among them. The tumourigenicity and metastatic capability of HCCLM3 cells in nude mice were inhibited after silencing HDGF. Meanwhile, HDGF-siRNA specifically suppressed the total and phosphorylated protein levels of ERK1/2, while not JNK, p38 and Akt. In conclusion, HDGF was overexpressed in HCC patients and cells, and HDGF might be closely correlated with HCC metastasis via regulating ERK signalling pathway. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Qun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Hui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA General Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Kazeminezhad B, Baradaran B, Hafezi Ahmadi MR. The evaluation of hepatoma-derived growth factor in determining of prognosis and estimating of invasive probability of tumoral cells, recurrent, and metastasis of lymphatic glands in breast carcinoma. J Family Med Prim Care 2017; 6:770-774. [PMID: 29564261 PMCID: PMC5848396 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_177_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) has been considered as a significantly important factor in determining the prognosis and estimating the probability of tumor cell invasions, recurrence, and lymph node metastasis in different cancers, including breast malignancies. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) study for HDGF was performed on paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with breast carcinoma in Modarres hospital, Tehran, Iran, since 1387–1390 (74 cases); three separate pathologists read the slides after complete IHC staining. Thereafter, necessary information was recorded from patient files, and eventually, findings were analyzed by SPSS program. Results: Expression of nuclear HDGF has significant statistical correlation with tumor grade according to Nottingham grading scheme; this correlation is also seen with nuclear pleomorphism of tumor cells and mitotic count. No correlation between age and tumor size with expression of HDGF is found. Lymph node metastasis is in inverse ratio to nuclear HDGF staining. Conclusion: Nuclear expression of HDGF in tumor cells is increased concordantly to tumor grade, which implies us to the role of this marker in determining the prognosis and choosing the most suitable treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Kazeminezhad
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behdad Baradaran
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hafezi Ahmadi
- Department of Pathology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Biotechnology and Medical Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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12
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Lian J, Tang J, Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, Xie W, Zhang F, Yang Y, Han A. Positive feedback loop of hepatoma-derived growth factor and β-catenin promotes carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29357-74. [PMID: 26296979 PMCID: PMC4745732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and β-catenin in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), our results showed that high HDGF expression was found in CRC cells and tissues and significantly related to histological differentiation (p = 0.035) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000). Significant positive correlation between HDGF expression and β-catenin abnormal expression was found in CRC tissues. High HDGF and lymph node metastasis were the strong independent prognostic indicators for reduced overall survival in CRC patients. HDGF knockdown dramatically inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, but induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in CRC cells. HDGF knock-down dramatically suppressed β-catenin and its down-stream genes expression in CRC cells. Intriguingly, β-catenin knock-down dramatically suppressed HDGF expression in CRC cells. Human recombinant Wnt3a and DKK1 treatment increased and decreased HDGF, β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, MMP9, and phos-GSK-3β (Ser9) protein expression in nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction of CRC cells upon β-catenin knock-down, respectively. Three HDGF-binding elements in β-catenin promoter were found and specific for transcriptional activation of β-catenin in CRC cells. In conclusion, our results first suggest that HDGF and β-catenin interacts as a positive feedback loop, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Lian
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Xie
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anjia Han
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Giri K, Pabelick CM, Mukherjee P, Prakash YS. Hepatoma derived growth factor (HDGF) dynamics in ovarian cancer cells. Apoptosis 2016; 21:329-39. [PMID: 26612514 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a leading cause of cancer death among women, identification of pathophysiologically-relevant biomarkers for ovarian cancer is important. The heparin binding, hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and may have prognostic value, but the mechanism by which this predominantly nuclear protein is secreted or functions is unknown. In this study, we focused on the circumstances under which HDGF is released by cells and the functional relevance of extracellular HDGF in the context of ovarian cancer. Immunofluorescence imaging showed nuclear localization of HDGF in ovarian cells, but unlike what is reported for other cell types, HDGF was minimally secreted into the media. However, HDGF was passively released by necrotic and late apoptotic cells. Extracellular HDGF was functionally relevant as it stimulated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and P38 in both non-cancer and ovarian cancer cells, and enhanced cellular migration. Overall, our study uncovers a novel function of HDGF as a messenger of cellular condition (alarmin) which in-turn modulates cellular function-aspects that could be used as a biomarker for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Giri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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14
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Bao CH, Liu K, Wang XT, Ma W, Wang JB, Wang C, Jia YB, Wang NN, Tan BX, Song QX, Cheng YF. Prognostic role of hepatoma-derived growth factor in solid tumors of Eastern Asia: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:1803-11. [PMID: 25773828 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess how consistent is its expression in solid tumors. A comprehensive search strategy was used to search relevant literature updated on October 3, 2014 in PubMed, EMBASE and WEB of Science. Correlations between HDGF expression and clinicopathological features or cancer prognosis was analyzed. All pooled HRs or ORs were derived from random-effects models. Twenty-six studies, primarily in Eastern Asia, covering 2,803 patients were included in the analysis, all of them published during the past decade. We found that HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (HROS=2.35, 95%CI=2.04-2.71, p<0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (HRDFS=2.25, 95%CI =1.81-2.79, p<0.001) in solid tumors, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Moreover, multivariate survival analysis showed that HDGF overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HROS=2.41, 95%CI: 2.02-2.81, p<0.001; HRDFS=2.39, 95%CI: 1.77-3.24, p<0.001). In addition, HDGF overexpression was significantly associated with tumor category (T3-4 versus T1-2, OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.17-3.83, p=0.013) and lymph node status (N+ versus N-, OR=2.37, 95%CI: 1.31-4.29, p=0.03) in CCA. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the literature available on the association of HDGF overexpression with OS, DFS and some clinicopathological features in solid tumors. Meta-analysis results provide evidence that HDGF may be a new indicator of poor cancer prognosis. Considering the limitations of the eligible studies, other large-scale prospective trials must be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of HDGF in predicting cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Hang Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China E-mail :
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15
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Tang J, Shi H, Li H, Zhen T, Dong Y, Zhang F, Yang Y, Han A. The interaction of hepatoma-derived growth factor and β-catenin promotes tumorigenesis of synovial sarcoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10287-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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16
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Zhuang Z, Mei G, Liu W, Chen Y, Zeng J, Zhang W, Yao G, Wang X. Hepatoma-derived growth factor-2 is highly expressed during development and in spinal cord injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6140-4. [PMID: 26252862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma‑derived growth factor‑2 (HDGF‑2) is expressed in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the adult mouse brain. However, it has remained elusive whether HDGF‑2 is expressed in the spinal cord and is involved in the its development and repair. In the present study, the expression of HDGF‑2 was investigated in rat spinal cords at different developmental stages and following spinal cord injury (SCI). Protein levels of HDGF‑2 were examined using western blot analysis, while the distribution pattern and cell populations of HDGF‑2 protein expression were characterized using immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the levels of HDGF‑2 protein expression were the greatest in the spinal cord on embryonic day 19, and were also highly expressed in rat spinal cords on post‑natal day 7 (P7); however, they were low at P14 and not detectable at two months. HDGF‑2 expression was significantly upregulated in the embryonic spinal cord and injured spinal cord. By contrast, the expression of HDGF‑2 was low in uninjured adult spinal cords. HDGF‑2 expression in the fetal rat spinal cord and injured spinal cord was significantly higher than that in uninjured adult spinal cord tissues (P<0.05). The number of cells positive for HDGF‑2 was 141±62, 107±33 and 92±18 at days 1, 21 and 45 following SCI, respectively, as opposed to 50±9 in uninjured rats, and a significant difference was identified between the different time‑points following SCI (P<0.01). In conclusion, the overexpression of HDGF‑2 in the embryonic spinal cord and injured spinal cord may be involved in fetal spinal cord development and repair of SCI, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guolong Mei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Jican Zeng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Guanfeng Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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Flores-Pérez A, Marchat LA, Sánchez LL, Romero-Zamora D, Arechaga-Ocampo E, Ramírez-Torres N, Chávez JD, Carlos-Reyes Á, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Ruiz-García E, González-Pérez A, López-Camarillo C. Differential proteomic analysis reveals that EGCG inhibits HDGF and activates apoptosis to increase the sensitivity of non-small cells lung cancer to chemotherapy. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:172-82. [PMID: 26175166 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To search for regulated proteins in response to green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in A549 lung cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 2DE and ESI/multistage MS (ESI-MS/MS) were performed to identify modulated proteins in A549 cells treated with EGCG. Cell migration was evaluated by transwell assays. RNA interference was used to silence the hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Caspase-3, caspase-9, and HDGF were immunodetected by Western blot assays. Flow cytometry was used for detection of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. RESULTS We found that HDGF expression was threefold suppressed by EGCG treatment. Downregulation of HDGF by EGCG was confirmed using anti-HDGF antibodies in three lung cancer cell lines. EGCG treatment and HDGF abrogation by RNA interference resulted in a decreased migration of A549 cells. In addition, EGCG induced a marked synergistic effect with cisplatin in cell death. Consistently, an enhanced cytotoxicity in HDGF-silenced cells was also found. Cell death was associated to increased apoptosis, disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest for the first time that abrogation of HDGF by EGCG enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis and sensitize A549 cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, we propose that decreasing the HDGF levels by using EGCG may represent a novel strategy in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Flores-Pérez
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico.,Biotechnology Program, National School of Medicine and Homeopathy, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico
| | - Lidia López Sánchez
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Romero-Zamora
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Nayeli Ramírez-Torres
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz Chávez
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, Mexico
| | | | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research and Cellular Therapy, Oncology Hospital, Medical Center Siglo XXI, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruiz-García
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Genomics Sciences Program, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in osteosarcoma (OS) and the correlation with clinicopathologic factors, prognosis, and tumor progression. METHOD HDGF expression in OS tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between HDGF and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed by chi-square test, and the association between HDGF expression and the overall survival rates was evaluated by univariate analysis using Kaplan-Meier method. HDGF concentration in cell medium or cell lysates was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The effect of extrinsic and intrinsic HDGF on OS cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay after recombinant HDGF stimulation or HDGF knockdown, respectively. RESULTS Proportion of HDGF high expression was 18.69% (20/107) in OS. HDGF high expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (P=0.004). With experiments in vitro, we demonstrated that human recombinant HDGF could activate AKT and MAPK signaling pathway, resulting in OS cell proliferation. By knocking down HDGF expression, we proved that intrinsic HDGF was required in OS proliferation. CONCLUSION High HDGF expression was significantly associated with larger OS tumor size and could promote OS cell proliferation, indicating that HDGF could be an effective biomarker and a potential drug target in OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Taiyuan, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Bao C, Wang J, Ma W, Wang X, Cheng Y. HDGF: a novel jack-of-all-trades in cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 10:2675-85. [PMID: 25236340 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HDGF is an important regulator of a broad range of cancer cell activities and plays important roles in cancer cell transformation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Such a divergent influence of HDGF on cancer cell activities derives from its multiple inter- and sub-cellular localizations where it interacts with a range of different binding partners. Interestingly, high levels of HDGF could be detected in patients' serum of some cancers. This review is focused on the role of HDGF in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and provides insight for application in clinical cancer therapy as well as its clinical implications as a prognostic marker in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Road West, Jinan 250012, China
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20
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Song M, Tomoeda M, Jin YF, Kubo C, Yoshizawa H, Kitamura M, Nagata S, Ohta Y, Kamiura S, Nakamura H, Tomita Y. Hepatoma-derived growth factor expression as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer. World J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 4:16-23. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v4.i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the association of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) expression with the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer of the uterus (CC).
METHODS: HDGF is a unique nuclear growth factor, and it may play an important role in the development and progression of carcinoma. HDGF expression in 88 CC patients aged 23 to 76 years (median, 54 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A rabbit polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal amino acids (aa 231-240) of the human HDGF sequence was used as primary antibody at a dilution of 1:5000. This specific anti-HDGF antibody was purified using C-terminal peptide-conjugated Sepharose columns. Staining of endothelial cells in the noncancerous areas of each specimen was used as an internal positive control. Samples with more than 80% of tumor cells showing positive immunoreactivity in both the nucleus and cytoplasm were regarded as HDGF index level 2, more than 80% positive immunoreactivity in either the nucleus or cytoplasm as level 1, and less than 80% in both the nucleus and cytoplasm as level 0. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability test were used to examine the relationship between HDGF expression and clinicopathologic parameters, and statistical significance was examined by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis of factors related to survival was performed using Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The five-year overall survival rate was 82.9%. Fourteen patients died due to tumors, nine of whom had tumor recurrence at 2-21 mo (median, 10 mo) after surgery. Tumor recurrence in five patients was determined at the time of the patients’ deaths. Nineteen cases were regarded as HDGF index level 0, 11 as level 1, and 58 as level 2. Patients with level 2 expression showed higher rates of histological classification of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma (44.8% of level 2 patients and 13.3% in levels 0 and 1), deep invasion (pT2-4 in 65.5% of level 2 patients, and 30.0% in levels 0 and 1), the presence of lymphatic invasion (50.0% in level 2, and 20.0% in levels 0 and 1), and the presence of lymph node metastasis (37.9% in level 2, and 6.7% in levels 0 and 1). Patients with an HDGF index of level 2 CC showed poorer 5-year overall survival rates than those with level 0 or 1 CC (74.0% and 100%, respectively, P = 0.0036). Univariate analysis revealed that histological classification (P = 0.04), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.0001), vascular invasion (P = 0.004), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0001) were significant factors affecting overall survival in addition to HDGF expression. Multivariate analysis revealed HDGF expression level and lymph node metastasis as independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P = 0.0148 and P = 0.0197, respectively). The prognostic significance of HDGF was further analyzed in pT1 and pT2-4 patient groups, respectively. Among patients with pT1 CC, one the 39 analyzed patients died during the study, and no difference was observed among patients with HDGF index level 0, 1, or 2 CC. However, prognostic significance of the HDGF index was observed in the pT2-4 patient group, in which the mortality rates of patients with HDGF index level 2 CC and those with level 0 or 1 CC significantly differed (P = 0.0463).
CONCLUSION: The HDGF expression level is of prognostic significance in CC.
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Bao CH, Wang XT, Ma W, Wang NN, Un Nesa E, Wang JB, Wang C, Jia YB, Wang K, Tian H, Cheng YF. Irradiated fibroblasts promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and HDGF expression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:441-7. [PMID: 25677618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggested that nonirradiated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted aggressive phenotypes of cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a radiosensitive gene of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of irradiated fibroblasts on EMT and HDGF expression of ESCC. Our study demonstrated that coculture with nonirradiated fibroblasts significantly increased the invasive ability of ESCC cells and the increased invasiveness was further accelerated when they were cocultured with irradiated fibroblasts. Scattering of ESCC cells was also accelerated by the supernatant from irradiated fibroblasts. Exposure of ESCC cells to supernatant from irradiated fibroblasts resulted in decreased E-cadherin, increased vimentin in vitro and β-catenin was demonstrated to localize to the nucleus in tumor cells with irradiated fibroblasts in vivo models. The expression of HDGF and β-catenin were increased in both fibroblasts and ESCC cells of irradiated group in vitro and in vivo models. Interestingly, the tumor cells adjoining the stromal fibroblasts displayed strong nuclear HDGF immunoreactivity, which suggested the occurrence of a paracrine effect of fibroblasts on HDGF expression. These data suggested that irradiated fibroblasts promoted invasion, growth, EMT and HDGF expression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Hang Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Genaral Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Effat Un Nesa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi-Bin Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Tao F, Ye MF, Sun AJ, Lv JQ, Xu GG, Jing YM, Wang W. Prognostic significance of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor expression in gallbladder cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9564-9569. [PMID: 25071353 PMCID: PMC4110590 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the expression of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in benign and malignant gallbladder lesions and to determine its clinicopathological significance.
METHODS: We studied 40 patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and a control group of 40 patients with cholelithiasis. All diagnoses of GBC and cholelithiasis were confirmed by histopathological examination after surgery. None of the patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery. All tissue samples were fixed in 4% formalin immediately after removal and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical staining. The HDGF expression in the GBC and cholelithiasis specimens was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the HDGF expression and the clinicopathological parameters of GBC was analyzed.
RESULTS: Nuclear HDGF expression was significantly higher (77.5%) in GBC than in chronic cholelithiasis (21.5%, P < 0.001). High nuclear HDGF levels were associated with histopathological subtype (P < 0.05), clinical stage (P < 0.01), and perineural invasion (P < 0.01) but not with sex, age, history of gallstones, or lymph node metastasis. A univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that positive nuclear HDGF expression was associated with decreased overall survival (P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that nuclear HDGF expression and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for disease-free survival.
CONCLUSION: The expression of nuclear HDGF might be closely related to the carcinogenesis, clinical biological behaviors, and prognosis of gallbladder adenocarcinoma.
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Zhang J, Chen N, Qi J, Zhou B, Qiu X. HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1441-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wagner T, Robaa D, Sippl W, Jung M. Mind the Methyl: Methyllysine Binding Proteins in Epigenetic Regulation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:466-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yang Y, Zhen T, Zhang F, Dai S, Kang L, Liang Y, Xue L, Han A. p53 and hepatoma-derived growth factor expression and their clinicopathological association with Ewing family tumour. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:235-42. [PMID: 24072730 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate p53 and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) expression and their association with clinicopathological features of Ewing family tumour (EFT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 108 cases of EFT were retrospectively analysed. p53 and HDGF expression were detected using immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between p53 expression and HDGF expression and clinicopathological features of EFT were analysed. Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to estimate overall survival, log-rank test was used to assess prognostic relevance of p53 expression with overall survival and Cox regression model was performed to evaluate HRs. RESULTS p53 expression and high HDGF expression was found in 17 (15.7%) and 55 (50.9%) patients, respectively. p53 expression was significantly associated with metastatic stage at initial diagnosis (p=0.007) and tumour venous/nerve invasion (p=0.023). A significant positive correlation was found between p53 expression and HDGF expression in EFT (p=0.022). p53 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with EFT (p<0.001). Patients with p53-positive/high HDGF expression had a significantly shorter overall survival than those with p53-positive/low HDGF expression or p53-negative/high HDGF expression or p53-negative/low HDGF expression. We first constructed a novel molecular staging system by combining p53 expression and HDGF expression, which significantly improved prognostic stratification for patients with EFT. CONCLUSIONS p53 expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with EFT. Combining p53 expression and HDGF expression significantly improved prognostic stratification for patients with EFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, , Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Li H, Zhang F, Shi H, Zhen T, Dai S, Kang L, Liang Y, Wang J, Han A. Clinical and biological significance of hepatoma-derived growth factor in Ewing's sarcoma. J Pathol 2013; 231:323-34. [PMID: 23878072 DOI: 10.1002/path.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We sought to investigate the clinicopathological significance and biological function of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in Ewing's sarcoma. Our results showed that HDGF expression is up-regulated in Ewing's sarcoma. Nuclear HDGF expression is significantly associated with tumour volume (p < 0.001), metastases at diagnosis (p < 0.001), low overall survival rate (p < 0.001) and low disease-free survival rate (p < 0.001). HDGF knock-down results in significant reduction of Ewing's sarcoma cell growth, proliferation and enhances tumourigenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, HDGF knock-down causes cell cycle arrest and enhanced sensitization to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, recombinant HDGF promotes proliferation and colony formation of Ewing's sarcoma cells. Ninety-eight candidate HDGF downstream genes were identified in Ewing's sarcoma cells using cDNA microarray analysis. In addition, we found that HDGF knock-down inhibited FLI1 expression in Ewing's sarcoma cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Our findings suggest that HDGF exhibits oncogenic properties and may be a novel prognostic factor in Ewing's sarcoma. Targeting HDGF might be a potential therapeutic strategy for Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Identification of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor as a Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg 2013; 37:2419-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-013-2132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Downregulated expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) reduces gallbladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Med Oncol 2013; 30:587. [PMID: 23609195 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), a heparin-binding growth factor, has a wide range of biological functions, including mitogenic activity and vascular development. Recent studies demonstrated that HDGF also acted as an oncogene with aberrantly increased activity in multiple human cancers; however, little is known about the biological function of HDGF in gallbladder cancer (GBC). In this study, we focused on the clinical significance and biological functions of HDGF in GBC and found that Nuclear HDGF protein overexpression was frequently detected in GBC tissues. Patients with nuclear HDGF-positive tumors had worse overall survival than patients with HDGF-negative tumors. Furthermore, treatment of GBC lines with HDGF-targeting siRNA oligonucleotides (HDGF-siRNA) significantly reduced the proliferation of GBC-SD and SGC-996 cell lines and diminished both anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and cell migration. These data indicate that HDGF acts as a putative oncogene in GBC and could be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for GBC.
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Tsai HE, Wu JC, Kung ML, Liu LF, Kuo LH, Kuo HM, Chen SC, Chan EC, Wu CS, Tai MH, Liu GS. Up-regulation of hepatoma-derived growth factor facilitates tumor progression in malignant melanoma [corrected]. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59345. [PMID: 23536873 PMCID: PMC3607612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the fastest increasing malignancy in humans. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel growth factor identified from human hepatoma cell line. HDGF overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis in various types of cancer including melanoma. However, the underlying mechanism of HDGF overexpression in developing melanoma remains unclear. In this study, human melanoma cell lines (A375, A2058, MEL-RM and MM200) showed higher levels of HDGF gene expression, whereas human epidermal melanocytes (HEMn) expressed less. Exogenous application of HDGF stimulated colony formation and invasion of human melanoma cells. Moreover, HDGF overexpression stimulated the degree of invasion and colony formation of B16–F10 melanoma cells whereas HDGF knockdown exerted opposite effects in vitro. To evaluate the effects of HDGF on tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, syngeneic mouse melanoma and metastatic melanoma models were performed by manipulating the gene expression of HDGF in melanoma cells. It was found that mice injected with HDGF-overexpressing melanoma cells had greater tumour growth and higher metastatic capability. In contrast, mice implanted with HDGF-depleted melanoma cells exhibited reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis. Histological analysis of excised tumors revealed higher degree of cell proliferation and neovascularization in HDGF-overexpressing melanoma. The present study provides evidence that HDGF promotes tumor progression of melanoma and targeting HDGF may constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ching Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Feng Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Hsin Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital - Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Cher Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Elsa C. Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- Division of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHT); (GSL)
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (MHT); (GSL)
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Tsai HE, Liu GS, Kung ML, Liu LF, Wu JC, Tang CH, Huang CH, Chen SC, Lam HC, Wu CS, Tai MH. Downregulation of hepatoma-derived growth factor contributes to retarded lung metastasis via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by systemic POMC gene delivery in melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1016-25. [PMID: 23468531 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant melanoma is poor due to high incidence of metastasis, underscoring the demand for development of novel therapeutic strategies. Stress hormone pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the precursor for several anti-inflammatory peptides that hold promise for management of cancer-related diseases. The present study evaluated the antimetastatic potential and mechanism of POMC therapy for metastatic melanoma. Adenovirus-mediated POMC gene delivery potently inhibited the invasiveness of human and mouse melanoma cells. Moreover, after induction of lung metastasis, systemic POMC expression significantly reduced the foci formation and neovascularization in lungs. Mechanistic studies revealed that POMC therapy inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma cells by upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In addition, microarray analysis unveiled POMC gene transfer reduced the mRNA level of multiple prometastatic factors, including hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). Cell culture and immunohistochemical studies further confirmed that POMC gene delivery significantly decreased the expression of HDGF in melanoma cells and tissues. Despite stimulating the invasion and EMT, exogenous HDGF supply only partially attenuated the POMC-mediated invasion inhibition and EMT change in melanoma cells. Finally, we delineated the contribution of melanocortins to POMC-induced inhibition of invasion, HDGF downregulation, and E-cadherin upregulation. Together, these results indicate that HDGF downregulation participates in POMC-induced suppression of metastasis and EMT in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bremer S, Klein K, Sedlmaier A, Abouzied M, Gieselmann V, Franken S. Hepatoma-derived growth factor and nucleolin exist in the same ribonucleoprotein complex. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 14:2. [PMID: 23305559 PMCID: PMC3551658 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a protein which is highly expressed in a variety of tumours. HDGF has mitogenic, angiogenic, neurotrophic and antiapoptotic activity but the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts these activities are largely unknown nor has its biological function in tumours been elucidated. Mass spectrometry was performed to analyse the HDGFStrep-tag interactome. By Pull-down-experiments using different protein and nucleic acid constructs the interaction of HDGF and nucleolin was investigated further. RESULTS A number of HDGFStrep-tag copurifying proteins were identified which interact with RNA or are involved in the cellular DNA repair machinery. The most abundant protein, however, copurifying with HDGF in this approach was nucleolin. Therefore we focus on the characterization of the interaction of HDGF and nucleolin in this study. We show that expression of a cytosolic variant of HDGF causes a redistribution of nucleolin into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, formation of HDGF/nucleolin complexes depends on bcl-2 mRNA. Overexpression of full length bcl-2 mRNA increases the number of HDGF/nucleolin complexes whereas expression of only the bcl-2 coding sequence abolishes interaction completely. Further examination reveals that the coding sequence of bcl-2 mRNA together with either the 5' or 3' UTR is sufficient for formation of HDGF/nucleolin complexes. When bcl-2 coding sequence within the full length cDNA is replaced by a sequence coding for secretory alkaline phosphatase complex formation is not enhanced. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for the existence of HDGF and nucleolin containing nucleoprotein complexes which formation depends on the presence of specific mRNAs. The nature of these RNAs and other components of the complexes should be investigated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bremer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Katharina Klein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Angela Sedlmaier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Mekky Abouzied
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of El-Minia, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Sebastian Franken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Present address: Life-Science-Inkubator, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, Bonn, 53175, Germany
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Chen X, Yun J, Fei F, Yi J, Tian R, Li S, Gan X. Prognostic value of nuclear hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) localization in patients with breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2012; 208:437-43. [PMID: 22682760 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) plays an important role in tumor progression. Highly expressed HDGF has been found to indicate poor prognosis in many cancers. However, no information is available regarding the prognostic value of nuclear or cytoplasmic HDGF staining level in breast cancer. In the present study, the nuclear or cytoplasmic HDGF staining level was investigated in 86 patients with primary breast cancer by immunohistochemistry; the relationship between nuclear or cytoplasmic HDGF staining level and clinicopathological parameters was examined by Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test or Krustal-Wallis. The prognostic value of nuclear or cytoplasmic HDGF staining level in disease-free survival and overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test. We found that the percentage of cases with strong nuclear HDGF staining level was significantly higher in the cases with high tumor grade, high stage, high proliferation index (Ki-67 index>20%), as well as in those with lymph node invasion and recurrence (p<0.05) compared to those without. No significant correlation was found between cytoplasmic HDGF expression and any clinicopathological variables. In addition, disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in patients with high nuclear HDGF expression (level 2) than in those with low nuclear HDGF expression (level 0 and level 1). Further Cox multivariate analysis showed that high nuclear HDGF expression is an independent factor for indicating poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. No significant difference in disease-free survival rate and overall survival was found between different cytoplasmic HDGF staining levels. All these findings suggest that increased nuclear HDGF expression is involved in tumor progression and might be used as a new prognosticator for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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Lin YW, Li CF, Chen HY, Yen CY, Lin LC, Huang CC, Huang HY, Wu PC, Chen CH, Chen SC, Tai MH. The expression and prognostic significance of hepatoma-derived growth factor in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:629-35. [PMID: 22361040 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) participates in oncogenic progression and represents a prognostic factor in several types of cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the role of HDGF during oral carcinogenesis. HDGF expression and the tumorigenic behaviors in human oral cell lines were investigated by immunoblotting, invasion and colony formation assays. Recombinant adenovirus vectors were employed to modulate the HDGF level in oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of surgically resected samples from 95 oral cancer patients was performed to delineate the correlation between HDGF expression and clinic-pathological parameters. HDGF expression was higher in malignant oral cancer cells than benign ones. Adenovirus-mediated HDGF overexpression and knockdown demonstrated the cellular HDGF level regulated the tumorigenic behaviors of oral cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased HDGF expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm in oral cancer tissues. The nuclear HDGF expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage (P=0.004) and grade (P=0.013) while the cytoplasmic HDGF expression was associated with tumor necrosis (P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high nuclear HDGF expression had significantly worse 5-year disease-specific survival (P=0.0069), metastasis-free survival (P=0.0168), and local recurrence-free survival (P=0.0047). Multivariate analysis indicated that the nuclear HDGF labeling index was an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific and local recurrence-free survival. HDGF overexpression contributes to the oncogenic processes in oral cancer cells and constitutes a novel prognostic factor for survival outcome of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Zhao J, Yu H, Lin L, Tu J, Cai L, Chen Y, Zhong F, Lin C, He F, Yang P. Interactome study suggests multiple cellular functions of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF). J Proteomics 2011; 75:588-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hsu SS, Chen CH, Liu GS, Tai MH, Wang JS, Wu JC, Kung ML, Chan EC, Liu LF. Tumorigenesis and prognostic role of hepatoma-derived growth factor in human gliomas. J Neurooncol 2011; 107:101-9. [PMID: 22037800 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a neurotrophic factor found in mouse spinal cord and hippocampal neurons. In various malignant tumors, the role of HDGF in tumor progression and its use as a diagnostic biomarker or therapeutic target have been extensively explored. However, the prognostic function and mitogenic role of HDGF in gliomagenesis are yet to be verified. In this study, we found a significant incidence of HDGF prevalence between the different pathological types and stages of glioma in 105 patients. We also found a prognostic significance in 41 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, with prevalence of nuclear HDGF predicting short survival of patients with GBM after surgery. To delineate the mitogenic role of HDGF in gliomagenesis, an adenoviral-expressed HDGF small interfering RNA (Ad-HDGF siRNA) was used to knock down expression of nuclear HDGF. After knocking down nuclear HDGF expression in human GBM cells, cell growth and cell invasion and induction on apoptosis by caspase-3 activation were significantly inhibited. We conclude that HDGF is a mitogenic growth factor in glioma progression and can be a useful prognostic marker for GBM and therapeutic target for clinical management of glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang J, Qi J, Guo Y, Guo Y, Fu W, Zhou B, Wu G, Han L, He A. [Aberrant expression of HDGF and its prognostic values in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2011; 14:211-8. [PMID: 21426662 PMCID: PMC5999669 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Our previous studies revealed that hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, playing important roles in promoting NSCLC cells growth and invasion. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of HDGF in 158 cases of surgically resected NSCLC and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of HDGF in 158 NSCLC tissues and 12 normal control lung tissues. Survival analysis was further conducted. RESULTS HDGF was found significantly highly expressed in 158 NSCLC tissues compared with normal control lung tissues (P < 0.001). The 5-year survival rate was 38.2% in HDGF high expression cases, compared with 63.1% in HDGF low expression cases, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). Linear correlation analysis discovered a significantly negative correlation between HDGF expression and the survival time (r=-0.183, P=0.022). COX proportion hazard model analysis revealed that pathological stages and HDGF expression were independent prognostic factors for this group of 158 resected NSCLC cases. CONCLUSIONS HDGF is highly expressed in human NSCLC tissues, predicting worse prognosis in resected NSCLCs. It might be useful molecular biomarker for predicting the prognosis of resected NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- China Medical University Lung Cancer Center, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Ye F, Cheng Q, Zhou C, Ma J, Chen H. Hepatoma-derived growth factor is a novel prognostic factor for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2011; 58:982-4. [PMID: 21585431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Everett AD, Yang J, Rahman M, Dulloor P, Brautigan DL. Mitotic phosphorylation activates hepatoma-derived growth factor as a mitogen. BMC Cell Biol 2011; 12:15. [PMID: 21489262 PMCID: PMC3094319 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-12-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a nuclear protein that is a mitogen for a wide variety of cells. Mass spectrometry based methods have identified HDGF as a phosphoprotein without validation or a functional consequence of this post-translational modification. Results We found that HDGF in primary mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was phosphorylated. Wild type HDGF was phosphorylated in asynchronous cells and substitution of S103, S165 and S202 to alanine each demonstrated a decrease in HDGF phosphorylation. A phospho-S103 HDGF specific antibody was developed and demonstrated mitosis-specific phosphorylation. HDGF-S103A was not mitogenic and FACS analysis demonstrated a G2/M arrest in HDGF-S103A expressing cells, whereas cells expressing HDGF-S103D showed cell cycle progression. Nocodazole arrest increased S103 phosphorylation from 1.6% to 29% (P = 0.037). Conclusions Thus, HDGF is a phosphoprotein and phosphorylation of S103 is mitosis related and required for its function as a mitogen. We speculate that cell cycle regulated phosphorylation of HDGF may play an important role in vascular cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Everett
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Wang S, Fang W. Increased expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor correlates with poor prognosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Histopathology 2011; 58:217-24. [PMID: 21255068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the correlation between hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) expression and clinicopathological data in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including patient survival. METHODS AND RESULTS Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, mRNA and protein expression of HDGF was detected in normal nasopharyngeal tissues, NPC tissues and cell lines. HDGF levels were determined further by an immunohistochemical analysis in a retrospective series consisting of 160 primary NPC tissues and 71 non-cancerous nasopharynx tissues. Overexpressed mRNA and HDGF protein was present in NPC. By immunohistochemical analysis, we found that 53.8% (86 of 160) and 19.4% (32 of 160) of NPC biopsy specimens showed higher HDGF expression of the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the higher expression of nuclear HDGF was associated significantly with T stage (P=0.005) and clinical stage (P=0.038), but there was no association with lymph node (P=0.059) or distant metastasis (P=0.563). Patients with increased HDGF expression levels had poorer overall survival rates than those with low expression of HDGF levels (P=0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of nuclear HDGF was an independent prognostic indicator of patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Increased nuclear expression of HDGF is a potential unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, China
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Liu YF, Zhao R, Guo S, Wang XQ, Lian PL, Chen YG, Xu KS. Expression and Clinical Significance of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor as a Prognostic Factor in Human Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 18:872-9. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhou Y, Zhou N, Fang W, Huo J. Overexpressed HDGF as an independent prognostic factor is involved in poor prognosis in Chinese patients with liver cancer. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5:58. [PMID: 20846397 PMCID: PMC2949719 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-5-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is involved in the hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the HDGF expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, including the survival of patients with HCC. Furthermore, we examined the biological processes regulated by HDGF during the development of using HepG2 cell line as a model system. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to compare HDGF protein expression in HCC and normal liver tissues and further analyze the HDGF protein expression in clinicopathologically characterized 137 HCC cases. We stably knocked down the endogenous expression level of HDGF in HepG2 cells with specific shRNA-expressing lentiviral vector. Following the successful establishment of stable cells, we examined in vitro cell growth by MTT assay, anchorage-independent growth by soft-agar colony formation assay and cell migration/invasion by transwell and boyden chamber assay. And in addition, we also investigated the in vivo tumor growth by xenograft transplantation of HepG2 cells into nude mice. RESULTS Protein expression level of HDGF was markedly higher in HCC tissues than that in the normal liver tissues(P = 0.011). In addition, high expression of HDGF protein was positively correlated with T classification(p < 0.001), N classification (p < 0.001), and clinical stage (p < 0.001) of HCC patients. Patients with higher HDGF expression showed a significantly shorter overall survival time than did patients with low HDGF expression. Multivariate analysis suggested that HDGF expression might be an independent prognostic indicator(p < 0.001) for the survival of patients with HCC. HDGF-specific shRNA (shHDGF) successfully knocked down its endogenous expression in HepG2 cells. Compared to the parental and control shRNA-transfected (shCtrl) HepG2 cells, the shHDGF cells exhibited significantly reduced in vitro cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, cell migration and invasion (p < 0.05). In vivo, the xenograft transplants from shHDGF cells gave rise to much smaller tumors as compared to those from shCtrl cells. CONCLUSION High HDGF expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with HCC. Down-regulation of HDGF inhibits the growth, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, People's Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
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Zhou NX, Zhou YY, Huo JR. Significance of HDGF expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and HepG2 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2427-2433. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i23.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and HepG2 cells and to analyze its significance.
METHODS: Ten HCC tissue samples and matched noncancerous tissue samples were collected. The mRNA expression of HDGF in these HCC samples, noncancerous tissue samples and HepG2 cells was detected by real-time RT-PCR. The protein expression of HDGF in 137 HCC tissue samples and 49 normal liver tissue samples was examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between HDGF expression and clinicopathological parameters in HCC was then analyzed.
RESULTS: The expression levels of HDGF mRNA were 21.11 and 11.39 times higher in HCC tissue and HepG2 cells than in noncancerous tissue, respectively. The positive rate of HDGF expression in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissue (77.4% vs 51.5%, P = 0.011). High expression of HDGF protein was positively correlated with T classification, N classification and clinical stage (all P < 0.05) in HCC patients. Univariate Cox analysis showed that HDGF expression, N classification and clinical stage had significant correlation with survival prognosis of HCC patients (P = 0.028, 0.041 and 0.000; HR = 1.557, 1.526 and 2.316, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that HDGF expression might be an independent prognostic indicator (P = 0.000, HR = 0.358) for the development and progression of HCC. Patients with higher HDGF expression showed a significantly shorter overall survival time than those with low HDGF expression.
CONCLUSION: HDGF is highly expressed in HCC tissue and HepG2 cells. High HDGF expression is an independent prognostic factor in HCC patients. High HDGF expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with HCC.
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Zhang A, Long W, Guo Z, Liu G, Hu Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Grabinski TM, Yang J, Zhao PX, Everett AD, Zhang Y, Cao BB. Development and clinical evaluation of a multi-purpose mAb and a sandwich ELISA test for hepatoma-derived growth factor in lung cancer patients. J Immunol Methods 2010; 355:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Enomoto H, Nakamura H, Komatsu-Kanatani N, Liu Y, Yoshida K, Okuda Y, Yamamoto T, Liu W, Nishiguchi S. Partial blockage of hepatocyte maturation in hepatoma-derived growth factor transgenic mice. World J Hepatol 2009; 1:98-102. [PMID: 21160971 PMCID: PMC2999260 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v1.i1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in liver development, especially in the hepatocyte differentiation. METHODS We generated transgenic mice which overexpressed HDGF in hepatocytes under the transcriptional control of mouse albumin promoter/enhancer. To examine the effects of HDGF overexpression on hepatocyte differentiation, we investigated the expression patterns of the differentiation marker genes. RESULTS The HDGF transgenic mice developed normally and showed no apparent abnormality in the liver. However, the gene expression patterns of the liver in adult transgenic mice were similar to those of the neonatal liver in control mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that HDGF-overexpression partially suppresses hepatocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirayuki Enomoto
- Hirayuki Enomoto, Hideji Nakamura, Teruhisa Yamamoto, Weidong Liu, Shuhei Nishiguchi, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Enomoto H, Nakamura H, Liu W, Yoshida K, Okuda Y, Imanishi H, Saito M, Shimomura S, Hada T, Nishiguchi S. Hepatoma-derived growth factor is induced in liver regeneration. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:988-97. [PMID: 19624773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a heparin-binding protein, which has been suggested to be involved in the development of kidneys, the cardiovascular system and the liver. We have shown that HDGF is highly expressed in parenchymal hepatocytes in the developing liver and promotes fetal hepatocyte proliferation. In the present study, we asked whether HDGF expression was related to liver regeneration. METHODS We examined the mRNA and protein expressions of HDGF in two liver regeneration models. In addition, cellular distribution of HDGF in the regenerating liver was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-treated liver, HDGF expression was induced and the peak was detected at 24 h after the CCl(4 )injection. HDGF expression was also enhanced in the hepatectomy model and the peak was detected at 12 h after surgery. The increased expression of HDGF protein was also confirmed by western blotting. Expression of the HDGF gene in the regenerating liver was dominantly detected in parenchymal hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These findings showed that HDGF expression was induced in parenchymal hepatocytes before the DNA synthesis in the regenerating liver, suggesting the possible involvement of HDGF in liver regeneration as an autocrine factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirayuki Enomoto
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Involvement of hepatoma-derived growth factor in the growth inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by vitamin K(2). J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:228-35. [PMID: 19214667 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-008-2304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K(2) has been reported to suppress the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis in vivo. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a unique nuclear targeting growth factor that is highly expressed in HCC cells and is a possible prognostic factor for patients with HCC. We investigated the regulation of HDGF expression by vitamin K(2). METHODS Three HCC-derived cell lines, HepG2, HuH-7, and SK-Hep-1, were used. Cell number was determined with the MTT assay. The expression levels of HDGF mRNA and protein were measured by the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and ELISA and Western blot analysis, respectively. The HDGF promoter activity was measured by a dual luciferase-reporter assay. RESULTS Vitamin K(2) suppressed the growth of the three HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin K(2) significantly suppressed the expression of the HDGF protein and mRNA in three cell lines. By a luciferase assay, vitamin K(2) significantly suppressed the promoter activity of the HDGF protein. Based on some luciferase-reporter plasmids containing truncated promoter regions, the possible responsive site of vitamin K(2) seems to reside in the region -1 to -150 bp of the HDGF gene. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that regulation of the HDGF gene expression is one of the crucial mechanisms of vitamin K(2)-induced cell growth suppression for HCC.
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Ooi BNS, Mukhopadhyay A, Masilamani J, Do DV, Lim CP, Cao XM, Lim IJ, Mao L, Ren HN, Nakamura H, Phan TT. Hepatoma-derived growth factor and its role in keloid pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1328-37. [PMID: 19432814 PMCID: PMC3828849 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a novel mitogenic growth factor that has been implicated in many different carcinomas. Its role in keloid biology has not yet been investigated. The present study is aimed at examining the role of HDGF in keloid pathogenesis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses were used to examine in vivo localization and expression of HDGF in keloid and normal skin tissue. This was followed by the detection of HDGF expression in fibroblasts cultured in vitro and fibroblasts exposed to serum. To investigate the effect of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, a two-chamber system was employed in which keratinocytes on membrane inserts were co-cultured with the fibroblasts. HDGF expression levels in all cell extracts and conditioned media were assayed through Western blot analysis. In another set of experiments, the effect of exogenous recombinant HDGF on keloid fibroblasts (KF) and normal fibroblasts (NF) was examined. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and by quantifying proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Downstream targets of HDGF were identified by detecting their expression through Western blot analysis. Our results indicate that there was an increase in HDGF expression in the dermis of keloid compared with normal skin tissue. The application of serum and epithelial–mesenchymal interactions did not seem to have any effect on intracellular HDGF expression levels. However, co-culturing keloid keratinocytes with KFs resulted in increased HDGF secretion when compared with monoculture or normal controls. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous recombinant HDGF was found to increase the proliferation of KFs, activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and up-regulate the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- B N S Ooi
- Graduate Programme in Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tsang TY, Tang WY, Tsang WP, Co NN, Kong SK, Kwok TT. Downregulation of hepatoma-derived growth factor activates the Bad-mediated apoptotic pathway in human cancer cells. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1135-47. [PMID: 18651222 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is highly expressed in human cancer and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis of cancer. The growth factor is known to stimulate cell growth while the underlying mechanism is however not clear. Transfection with HDGF cDNA stimulated while its specific antisense oligonucleotides repressed the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Furthermore, knock-down of HDGF by antisense oligos also induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and in other human cancer cells, e.g. human squamous carcinoma A431 cells. HDGF knock-down was found to induce the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bad and also inactivate ERK and Akt, which in turn led to dephosphorylation of Bad at Ser-112, Ser-136, and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, i.e. depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, increase in the processing of caspase 9 and 3. As HDGF knock-down not only suppresses the growth but also induces apoptosis in human cancer cells, HDGF may therefore serve as a survival factor for human cancer cells and a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Yee Tsang
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gallitzendoerfer R, Abouzied MM, Hartmann D, Dobrowolski R, Gieselmann V, Franken S. Hepatoma‐derived growth factor (HDGF) is dispensable for normal mouse development. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:1875-85. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Noguchi T, Oue N, Wada S, Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Kikuchi A, Yasui W. h-Prune is an independent prognostic marker for survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 16:1390-6. [PMID: 17896143 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human homologue of Drosophila prune (PRUNE, which encodes h-prune) protein interacts with glycogen synthase kinase 3 and promotes cell motility. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of immunohistochemically detected h-prune expression on the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of h-prune was performed for 205 surgically resected specimens of ESCC. RESULTS In total, 43 (21%) of 205 ESCC cases were positive for h-prune. h-prune-positive ESCC cases showed a more-advanced T stage (P < 0.0001), N stage (P < 0.0001), and tumor stage (P < 0.0001) than h-prune-negative ESCC cases. In the group of 116 stage II and III ESCC cases, recurrence of ESCC was frequently found in h-prune-positive cases. In patients with lung recurrence, the tumors were more likely to be h-prune positive than h-prune negative. Univariate analysis revealed that T stage (P < 0.0001), N stage (P < 0.0001), tumor stage (P < 0.0001), and h-prune staining (P < 0.0001) were significant prognostic factors for survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that N stage (P = 0.0182) and h-prune staining (P < 0.0001) were independent predictors for survival. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that immunostaining of h-prune is useful to identify patients at high risk for recurrence or poor prognosis associated with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Noguchi
- Department of Oncological Science (Surgery II), Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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