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Nasrallah NA, Wiese BM, Sears CR. Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C (XPC): Emerging Roles in Non-Dermatologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:846965. [PMID: 35530314 PMCID: PMC9069926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) is a DNA damage recognition protein essential for initiation of global-genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). Humans carrying germline mutations in the XPC gene exhibit strong susceptibility to skin cancer due to defective removal via GG-NER of genotoxic, solar UV-induced dipyrimidine photoproducts. However, XPC is increasingly recognized as important for protection against non-dermatologic cancers, not only through its role in GG-NER, but also by participating in other DNA repair pathways, in the DNA damage response and in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, XPC expression levels and polymorphisms likely impact development and may serve as predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in a number of these non-dermatologic cancers. Here we review the existing literature, focusing on the role of XPC in non-dermatologic cancer development, progression, and treatment response, and highlight possible future applications of XPC as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawar Al Nasrallah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Wiese
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Catherine R. Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Catherine R. Sears,
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2
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Wang G, Guo S, Zhang W, Li Z, Xu J, Li D, Wang Y, Zhan Q. A Comprehensive Analysis of Alterations in DNA Damage Repair Pathways Reveals a Potential Way to Enhance the Radio-Sensitivity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:575711. [PMID: 33178606 PMCID: PMC7596747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.575711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is a common malignancy with a poor 5-year overall survival in China. Altered DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are associated with a predisposition to cancer and contribute to therapeutic response and resistance in cancers. However, alterations of DDR pathway genes in ESCC are still largely unknown. In this study, we employed genome sequencing data of 192 samples, comparative genomic hybridization data of 123 cases, and gene expression microarray data of 119 patients to firstly perform a comprehensive analysis of the gene alterations of 7 DDR pathways in ESCC. Gene mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) were observed in all 7 DDR pathways, and especially, CNVs were the dominant alteration types. Compared with other pathways, two DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), carried significant gene mutations and CNVs especially gene amplifications. Most genes including RAD54B, NBS1, RAD51B, and PRKDC were significantly amplified and over-expressed in ESCC. Amplification and high expression of DSB repair pathway genes were associated with poorer overall survival. Gene set variation analysis further showed that DSB repair pathways were up-regulated in ESCC. Besides, we firstly demonstrated that combination of mirin and NU7441, two inhibitors for HR and NHEJ respectively, with ionizing radiation treatment significantly enhanced DSBs, reduced clonogenic cell survival, inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis in ESCC cells with DSB pathway gene amplification. These findings suggest that DSB repair pathways were significantly altered in ESCC and inhibiting DSB repair pathways might enhance the radio-sensitivity of ESCC with DSB repair up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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3
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XPA: DNA Repair Protein of Significant Clinical Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062182. [PMID: 32235701 PMCID: PMC7139726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is activated in response to a broad spectrum of DNA lesions, including bulky lesions induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Expression levels of NER factors and resistance to chemotherapy has been examined with some suggestion that NER plays a role in tumour resistance; however, there is a great degree of variability in these studies. Nevertheless, recent clinical studies have suggested Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein, a key regulator of the NER pathway that is essential for the repair of DNA damage induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutics, as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for response to treatment. XPA functions in damage verification step in NER, as well as a molecular scaffold to assemble other NER core factors around the DNA damage site, mediated by protein–protein interactions. In this review, we focus on the interacting partners and mechanisms of regulation of the XPA protein. We summarize clinical oncology data related to this DNA repair factor, particularly its relationship with treatment outcome, and examine the potential of XPA as a target for small molecule inhibitors.
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4
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Xie C, Zhao J, Hua W, Tan P, Chen Y, Rui J, Sun X, Fan J, Wei X, Xu X, Yang X. Effect of XPC polymorphisms on the response to platinum-based chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3839-3848. [PMID: 31190883 PMCID: PMC6529619 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: As an important DNA repair gene, the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) gene and its functional genetic variants' relationship with chemotherapy response has been extensively studied. To quantitatively elucidate the genetic impact of the XPC rs2228000 and rs2228001 polymorphisms on the response to platinum-based chemotherapy, the present meta-analysis was conducted. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was performed in seven cyber databases until February 20, 2019, for all relevant studies that assessed the relationship between XPC polymorphisms and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were measured to assess the strength of the association. R programs were developed to perform the statistical analyses, including calculations of pooled estimates, publication bias and sensitivity analyses, and heterogeneity interpretations. Results: A total of 1,615 patients from 10 studies for the rs2228001 polymorphism were winnowed for further statistical analysis. For the rs2228000 polymorphism, 858 samples from six datasets were included. However, this meta-analysis indicated no significant effect of these two XPC polymorphisms on the response to platinum-based chemotherapy. When stratified according to sample size, country or cancer type, no statistical significance for association was identified in all subgroups. Further sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment ensured the reliability of the meta-analysis. Conclusions: The pooled estimates suggest that neither the rs2228000 polymorphism nor the rs2228001 polymorphism contributes to the genetic predisposition for an altered response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Considering the limitations of our present meta-analysis, more studies with large-scale cohorts and rigorous methods are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyao Xie
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxi Hua
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Tan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yudi Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Rui
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Fan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou215123, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Tai AS, Peng CH, Peng SC, Hsieh WP. Decomposing the subclonal structure of tumors with two-way mixture models on copy number aberrations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206579. [PMID: 30540749 PMCID: PMC6291075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multistage tumorigenesis is a dynamic process characterized by the accumulation of mutations. Thus, a tumor mass is composed of genetically divergent cell subclones. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS), mathematical models have been recently developed to decompose tumor subclonal architecture from a collective genome sequencing data. Most of the methods focused on single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). However, somatic copy number aberrations (CNAs) also play critical roles in carcinogenesis. Therefore, further modeling subclonal CNAs composition would hold the promise to improve the analysis of tumor heterogeneity and cancer evolution. To address this issue, we developed a two-way mixture Poisson model, named CloneDeMix for the deconvolution of read-depth information. It can infer the subclonal copy number, mutational cellular prevalence (MCP), subclone composition, and the order in which mutations occurred in the evolutionary hierarchy. The performance of CloneDeMix was systematically assessed in simulations. As a result, the accuracy of CNA inference was nearly 93% and the MCP was also accurately restored. Furthermore, we also demonstrated its applicability using head and neck cancer samples from TCGA. Our results inform about the extent of subclonal CNA diversity, and a group of candidate genes that probably initiate lymph node metastasis during tumor evolution was also discovered. Most importantly, these driver genes are located at 11q13.3 which is highly susceptible to copy number change in head and neck cancer genomes. This study successfully estimates subclonal CNAs and exhibit the evolutionary relationships of mutation events. By doing so, we can track tumor heterogeneity and identify crucial mutations during evolution process. Hence, it facilitates not only understanding the cancer development but finding potential therapeutic targets. Briefly, this framework has implications for improved modeling of tumor evolution and the importance of inclusion of subclonal CNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Shun Tai
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Hua Peng
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (WPH); (CHP)
| | - Shih-Chi Peng
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
- * E-mail: (WPH); (CHP)
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6
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MicroRNA-346 facilitates cell growth and metastasis, and suppresses cell apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer by regulation of XPC/ERK/Snail/E-cadherin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2509-2524. [PMID: 27777383 PMCID: PMC5115903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Determinants of growth and metastasis in cancer remain of great interest to define. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have frequently emerged as tumor metastatic regulator by acting on multiple signaling pathways. Here we report the definition of miR-346 as a novel oncogenic microRNA that facilitates non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth and metastasis. XPC, an important DNA damage recognition factor in nucleotide excision repair was defined as a target for down-regulation by miR-346, functioning through direct interaction with the 3′-UTR of XPC mRNA. Blocking miR-346 by an antagomiR was sufficient to inhibit NSCLC cell growth and metastasis, an effect that could be phenol-copied by RNAi-mediated silencing of XPC. In vivo studies established that miR-346 overexpression was sufficient to promote tumor growth by A549 cells in xenografts mice, relative to control cells. Overall, our results defined miR-346 as an oncogenic miRNA in NSCLC, the levels of which contributed to tumor growth and invasive aggressiveness.
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7
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Gusella M, Pezzolo E, Modena Y, Barile C, Menon D, Crepaldi G, La Russa F, Fraccon AP, Pasini F. Predictive genetic markers in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer: a long way to go. Review of the literature. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:14-22. [PMID: 28607505 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic molecular markers in neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer has been reviewed, focusing strictly on concurrent chemoradiation protocols followed by surgery. Eleven studies evaluated the role of mRNA expression profile; the end point was overall survival (OS) in two studies and different definitions of histological response in nine. Genes reported as significant were involved in cell cycle control (30), apoptosis (7), structural molecules (9), cell metabolism (6) and DNA repair (1). Seven studies reported about 15 microRNA (miRNA) molecules associated with OS (2) or histological response (13), however, defined with different classifications. Their target genes were prevalently involved in cell cycle control (4), apoptosis (1), cell adhesion (1), migration (1) and angiogenesis (1). Gene polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) have been evaluated in 8 studies reporting 10 variants associated with survival or pathological response. OS was the end point in six of these studies. SNPs reported as significant were involved in DNA repair system (4), detoxification (2), folate metabolism (6), drug efflux (2) and others (2). In a study, a panel including histology, pathological response and five SNPs discriminated two subsets of patients with 5-year survival rates of 79.3% and 26.3% (hazard ratio 6.25, P<0.0001). In another study, combination of stage, grade and 4 miRNAs improved prediction of pathological response (P=10-30). At present, given the great inconsistency of the data and the variability of the end points, definite conclusions are extremely difficult, if not impossible. More consistent data can derive only from analyses obtained from patients included in prospective randomized trials while panels combining genetic and clinical factors may improve prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gusella
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, San Luca Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - E Pezzolo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, San Luca Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Y Modena
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - C Barile
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - D Menon
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - G Crepaldi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - F La Russa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - A P Fraccon
- Medical Oncology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda (Verona), Italy
| | - F Pasini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda (Verona), Italy
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8
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Lin MW, Yang PW, Lee JM. Translational research in thoracic surgery-the National Taiwan University Hospital experience. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:S642-7. [PMID: 27651941 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.07.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic surgeons should be more aware of the latest information about histopathological, genetic and epigenetic alterations that may influence treatment policy and patient outcome in the biomolecular era. Translational research studies often produce a promising diagnostic tool or new treatment that can be used clinically. The results of these translational studies may even change the practical guidelines and current staging system in thoracic malignancies. The following article summarizes the experiences of translational research in esophageal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at National Taiwan University Hospital in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Wei Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Yang PW, Hsu IJ, Chang CW, Wang YC, Hsieh CY, Shih KH, Wong LF, Shih NY, Hsieh MS, Hou MTK, Lee JM. Visible-absorption spectroscopy as a biomarker to predict treatment response and prognosis of surgically resected esophageal cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33414. [PMID: 27624872 PMCID: PMC5022060 DOI: 10.1038/srep33414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of optical absorption spectra in prognostic prediction has hardly been investigated. We developed and evaluated a novel two dimensional absorption spectrum measurement system (TDAS) for use in early diagnosis, evaluating response to chemoradiation, and making prognostic prediction. The absorption spectra of 120 sets of normal and tumor tissues from esophageal cancer patients were analyzed with TDAS ex-vivo. We demonstrated the cancerous tissue, the tissue from patients with a poor concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) response, and the tissue from patients with an early disease progression each had a readily identifiable common spectral signature. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified tissue spectra into distinct groups, demonstrating the feasibility of using absorption spectra in differentiating normal and tumor tissues, and in predicting CCRT response, poor survival and tumor recurrence (efficiencies of 75%, 100% and 85.7% respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients identified as having poor-response, poor-survival and recurrence spectral signatures were correlated with increased risk of poor response to CCRT (P = 0.012), increased risk of death (P = 0.111) and increased risk of recurrence (P = 0.030) respectively. Our findings suggest that optical absorption microscopy has great potential to be a useful tool for pre-operative diagnosis and prognostic prediction of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Hsu
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yueh Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hui Shih
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Wong
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yu Shih
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Max Ti-Kuang Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Rumiato E, Boldrin E, Amadori A, Saggioro D. Predictive role of host constitutive variants in neoadjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:805-20. [PMID: 27181132 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is at present the standard therapeutic approach for esophageal cancer (EC) in patients with resectable tumor. However, response to neoadjuvant therapy is characterized by a strong interpatient variability, and the identification of markers predictive of outcome is mandatory. In this review, taking into account the currently available literature, we report the impact that host genetic variables can have on EC neoadjuvant therapy. We mainly focused on the gene variants involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the common chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat EC patients, commented on the weakness of the present knowledge, and discussed the future strategies to achieve a more personalized and effective EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Rumiato
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Boldrin
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Saggioro
- Immunology & Molecular Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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11
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Cui T, Srivastava AK, Han C, Yang L, Zhao R, Zou N, Qu M, Duan W, Zhang X, Wang QE. XPC inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and migration by enhancing E-Cadherin expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10060-72. [PMID: 25871391 PMCID: PMC4496340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) protein is an important DNA damage recognition factor in nucleotide excision repair. Deletion of XPC is associated with early stages of human lung carcinogenesis, and reduced XPC mRNA levels predict poor patient outcome for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms linking loss of XPC expression and poor prognosis in lung cancer are still unclear. Here, we report evidence that XPC silencing drives proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells by down-regulating E-Cadherin. XPC knockdown enhanced proliferation and migration while decreasing E-Cadherin expression in NSCLC cells with an epithelial phenotype. Restoration of E-Cadherin in these cells suppressed XPC knockdown-induced cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that the loss of XPC repressed E-Cadherin expression by activating the ERK pathway and upregulating Snail expression. Our findings indicate that XPC silencing-induced reduction of E-Cadherin expression contributes, at least in part, to the poor outcome of NSCLC patients with low XPC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chunhua Han
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ning Zou
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Meihua Qu
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenrui Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Gusella M, Giacopuzzi S, Bertolaso L, Zanoni A, Pezzolo E, Modena Y, Menon D, Paganin P, Weindelmayer J, Crepaldi G, De Manzoni G, Pasini F. Genetic prediction of long-term survival after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced esophageal cancer. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 17:252-257. [PMID: 26927287 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Candidate genes involved in DNA repair, 5-fluorouracil metabolism and drug detoxification were genotyped in 124 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer and their predictive role for long-term relapse-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated. A panel including MTHFR 677TT, MDR1 2677GT, GSTP1 114CC, XPC 499CC and XPC 939AC+CC, defined as high-risk genotypes, discriminated subgroups with significantly different outcomes. When the panel was combined with histology, patients split into two subsets with 5-year RFS and CSS rates of 65% vs 27% (hazard ratio (HR) 3.0, P<0.0001) and 69% vs 31% (HR 2.9, P<0.0001), respectively. Combining the 5-single-nucleotide polymorphism (5-SNP) panel with pathological response defined two major informative risk classes with 5-year PFS and CSS rates of 79.4% vs 17.7% (HR 6.71, P<0.0001) and 79.3% vs 26.3% (HR 6.25, P<0.0001), respectively. This classification achieved a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 85.4% and an accuracy of 81.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gusella
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - S Giacopuzzi
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L Bertolaso
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - A Zanoni
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - E Pezzolo
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Y Modena
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - D Menon
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - P Paganin
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - J Weindelmayer
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
| | - G De Manzoni
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Pasini
- Department of Oncology, Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda ULSS 18-Rovigo, Rovigo, Italy
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13
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Sato Y, Motoyama S, Saito H, Minamiya Y. Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Chemoradiosensitivity in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Eur Surg Res 2016; 56:141-53. [DOI: 10.1159/000443607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is no doubt that, along with surgery, chemoradiotherapy is an important treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients who respond well to chemoradiotherapy obtain great benefits toward overcoming their cancer, and so a more favorable prognosis. On the other hand, patients who do not respond well have wasted valuable time and experienced severe toxicity and seriously diminished quality of life, only to have their cancer recur with an unfavorable prognosis. For this reason, a reliable biomarker of chemoradiosensitivity in ESCC has long been sought. In this review, we will enumerate recently reported candidate biomarkers of chemoradiosensitivity in ESCC that have the potential for future clinical application.
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14
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Germline and somatic genetic predictors of pathological response in neoadjuvant settings of rectal and esophageal cancers: systematic review and meta-analysis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 16:249-65. [PMID: 26122021 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncologists have pointed out an urgent need for biomarkers that can be useful for clinical application to predict the susceptibility of patients to preoperative therapy. This review collects, evaluates and combines data on the influence of reported somatic and germline genetic variations on histological tumor regression in neoadjuvant settings of rectal and esophageal cancers. Five hundred and twenty-seven articles were identified, 204 retrieved and 61 studies included. Among 24 and 14 genetic markers reported for rectal and esophageal cancers, respectively, significant associations in meta-analyses were demonstrated for the following markers. In rectal cancer, major response was more frequent in carriers of the TYMS genotype 2 R/2 R-2 R/3 R (rs34743033), MTHFR genotype 677C/C (rs1801133), wild-type TP53 and KRAS genes. In esophageal cancer, successful therapy appeared to correlate with wild-type TP53. These results may be useful for future research directions to translate reported data into practical clinical use.
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15
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Caygill CP, Gatenby PA, Herceg Z, Lima SC, Pinto LF, Watson A, Wu MS. Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal cancers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1325:69-76. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine P.J. Caygill
- University College London Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; UKBOR; London United Kingdom
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer; Epigenetics Group; Lyon France
| | - Sheila C.S. Lima
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute; Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Luis F.R. Pinto
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute; Program in Molecular Carcinogenesis; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Findlay JM, Middleton MR, Tomlinson I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of somatic and germline DNA sequence biomarkers of esophageal cancer survival, therapy response and stage. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:624-644. [PMID: 25214541 PMCID: PMC4374384 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in next generation sequencing reinforce the potential for DNA sequence markers to guide esophageal cancer management. We report the first systematic review and meta-analysis, identifying 94 markers of outcome and 41 of stage. Overall, evidence was poor. Meta-analyses demonstrated outcome associations for 6 tumor and 9 germline variants: priorities for prospective evaluation. Introduction There is an urgent need for biomarkers to help predict prognosis and guide management of esophageal cancer. This review identifies, evaluates and meta-analyses the evidence for reported somatic and germline DNA sequence biomarkers of outcome and stage. Methods A systematic review was carried out of the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases (20 August 2014), in conjunction with the ASCO Level of Evidence scale for biomarker research. Meta-analyses were carried out for all reported markers associated with outcome measures by more than one study. Results Four thousand and four articles were identified, 762 retrieved and 182 studies included. There were 65 reported markers of survival or recurrence 12 (18.5%) were excluded due to multiple comparisons. Following meta-analysis, significant associations were seen for six tumor variants (mutant TP53 and PIK3CA, copy number gain of ERBB2/HER2, CCND1 and FGF3, and chromosomal instability/ploidy) and seven germline polymorphisms: ERCC1 rs3212986, ERCC2 rs1799793, TP53 rs1042522, MDM2 rs2279744, TYMS rs34743033, ABCB1 rs1045642 and MTHFR rs1801133. Twelve germline markers of treatment complications were reported; 10 were excluded. Two tumor and 15 germline markers (11 excluded) of chemo (radio)therapy response were reported. Following meta-analysis, associations were demonstrated for mutant TP53, ERCC1 rs11615 and XRCC1 rs25487. There were 41 tumor/germline reported markers of stage; 27 (65.9%) were excluded. Conclusions Numerous DNA markers of outcome and stage have been reported, yet few are backed by high-quality evidence. Despite this, a small number of variants appear reliable. These merit evaluation in prospective trials, within the context of high-throughput sequencing and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Findlay
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford; Oxford OesophagoGastric Centre
| | - M R Middleton
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - I Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Li Y, Liu Z, Liu H, Wang LE, Onodera H, Suzuki A, Suzuki K, Wadhwa R, Elimova E, Sudo K, Shiozaki H, Estrella J, Lee JS, Song S, Tan D, Ajani JA, Wei Q. Potentially functional variants in the core nucleotide excision repair genes predict survival in Japanese gastric cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2031-8. [PMID: 24990617 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional genetic variants of DNA repair genes may alter the host DNA repair capacity, and thus influence efficiency of therapies. We genotyped eight potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes (i.e. ERCC1, XPA, XPC, XPD and XPG) involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway in 496 Japanese gastric cancer patients, and assessed overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The combined effects of risk genotypes of these eight SNPs in Japanese patients were further replicated in 356 North-American gastric cancer patients. In Japanese patients, we found that the XPC rs2228000 TT genotype was associated with shorter overall survival [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.07-2.86] and recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.19-3.95), compared with CC/CT genotypes, and the XPG rs17655 CC genotype was associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.08-2.36), compared with GG/CG genotypes. The number of observed risk genotypes in the combined analysis was associated with shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival in a dose-response manner (P(trend) = 0.006 and P(trend) < 0.000) in Japanese patients; specifically, compared with those with ≤1 risk genotypes, those with ≥2 risk genotypes showed markedly shorter overall survival (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.18-2.70) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.66-4.73). The association between ≥2 risk genotypes and shorter overall survival was not significant (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.82-1.94) in North-American patients, but the trends were similar in these two groups of patients. These data show that functional SNPs in NER core genes may impact survival in Japanese gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 905 Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, St Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan and Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 905 Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 905 Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li-E Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hisashi Onodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, St Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan and
| | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, St Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan and
| | - Koyu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, St Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan and
| | | | | | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | | | | | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 905 Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA,
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Petkova R, Chelenkova P, Georgieva E, Chakarov S. What's your poison? Impact of individual repair capacity on the outcomes of genotoxic therapies in cancer. Part II - information content and validity of biomarkers for individual repair capacity in the assessment of outcomes of anticancer therapy. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:2-7. [PMID: 26019482 PMCID: PMC4433894 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual variance in the efficiency of repair of damage induced by genotoxic therapies may be an important factor in the assessment of eligibility for different anticancer treatments, the outcomes of various treatments and the therapy-associated complications, including acute and delayed toxicity and acquired drug resistance. The second part of this paper analyses the currently available information about the possibilities of using experimentally obtained knowledge about individual repair capacity for the purposes of personalised medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumena Petkova
- Scientific Technological Service (STS) , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Stoian Chakarov
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology , Sofia , Bulgaria
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