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Xie B, Dong W, He F, Peng F, Zhang H, Wang W. The Combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA Methylation Had a Diagnostic Value in Pulmonary Nodules and Early Lung Cancer. Oncology 2024; 102:759-774. [PMID: 38262380 DOI: 10.1159/000534275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study explored the effects of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in lung cancer (LC). METHOD Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples as well as LC and normal adjacent tissues were collected from 72 LC patients and 35 patients with benign pulmonary nodules. Quantitative analysis of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation was performed in benign pulmonary nodules and different stages of LC. The diagnostic value of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation in LC and benign pulmonary nodules was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. Gain/loss-of-function experiments were constructed in LC cells and mouse models of xenograft and pulmonary nodule metastasis. The levels of SHOX2 and transfer-associated genes were tested through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Malignant phenotype of LC cells was assessed by functional experiment. The tumor volume and weight of mice in xenograft models were measured. Pulmonary nodule metastasis was determined through HE staining assay. 5-azacytidine appeared as a positive control drug. RESULT SHOX2 DNA methylation or RASSF1A DNA methylation had diagnostic efficiency in pulmonary nodules and early LC, with the two combined having better diagnostic value. SHOX2 expression was upregulated in LC. Similar to 5-azacytidine, SHOX2 knockdown inhibited LC cell viability, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as restrained LC tumorigenesis and pulmonary nodule metastasis in vivo, whereas overexpressed SHOX2 had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION The combination of SHOX2 and RASSF1A DNA methylation had a diagnostic value in pulmonary nodules and early LC. SHOX2 positively modulated the tumorigenesis and metastasis of LC by regulating DNA methylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenyan Dong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengping He
- Central Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhou J, Li P, Feng J, Wu Q, You S. MiR-24-1-5p Hinders Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Targeting SHOX2. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2004-2019. [PMID: 36917325 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are essential epigenetic modulators that can regulate protein expression. According to the principle of base complementary pairing, miRNA is partially or completely complementary to the 3'-UTR region of its target gene, by which it inhibits the translation of the targeted gene. This study investigated the role of miR-24-1-5p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Data in TCGA-KIRC denoted that miR-24-1-5p was under-expressed in ccRCC. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that its target gene was SHOX2, which was significantly expressed in cancer tissues. Dual luciferase assay verified the targeting relationship between miR-24-1-5p and SHOX2. Cell function experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-24-1-5p significantly inhibited SHOX2 level and the malignant phenotypes of ccRCC cells. The above results illustrated that miR-24-1-5p/SHOX2 axis was critical for the oncogenesis and development of ccRCC, which might be helpful for us to understand the mechanism and novel therapeutic methods of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Shengjie You
- Department of Urology Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China.
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Yang W, Chen H, Ma L, Dong J, Wei M, Xue X, Li Y, Jin Z, Xu W, Ji Z. SHOX2 promotes prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis through disruption of the Hippo-YAP pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107617. [PMID: 37664594 PMCID: PMC10470409 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SHOX2 gene is critical in regulating gene expression and the development of tumors, but its biological role in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. In this study, we found that SHOX2 expression was significantly raised in PCa tissues and was associated with clinicopathological features as well as disease-free survival (DFS) of PCa patients. Phenotypic tests showed that the absence of SHOX2 inhibited PCa growth and invasion, while SHOX2 overexpression promoted these effects. Mechanistically, SHOX2 was found to activate the transcription of nephronophthisis type 4 (NPHP4), a gene located downstream of SHOX2. Further analysis revealed that SHOX2 could potentially interfere with the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway through NPHP4 activation, facilitating the oncogenic behavior of PCa cells. These findings highlight SHOX2 as an oncogene in PCa and provide a basis for developing potential therapeutic approaches against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hualin Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Mengchao Wei
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhaoheng Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhigang Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng, Beijing 100000, China
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Wu X, Chen H, You C, Peng Z. A potential immunotherapeutic and prognostic biomarker for multiple tumors including glioma: SHOX2. Hereditas 2023; 160:21. [PMID: 37170390 PMCID: PMC10173633 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is significant gene in the development and progression of multiple types of tumors. Nonetheless, the biological role of SHOX2 within pan-cancer datasets has not been investigated. Thus, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of pan-cancer datasets were conducted to explore how SHOX2 regulates tumorigenesis. METHODS A variety of tumor datasets and online analytical tools, including SangerBox, TIMER2, LinkedOmic, GEPIA2 and cBioPortal, were applied to explore SHOX2 expression in various tumors. To ascertain the connections between SHOX2 expression and genetic alterations, SHOX2-related genes and tumor immunity, the pan-cancer datasets were examined. In vitro assays were applied to verify the biological functions of SHOX2 in glioma cells via CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and colony formation assays. RESULTS Analyses found that SHOX2 was overexpressed in multiple cancer types. SHOX2 expression level was significantly correlated with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), 1p/19q, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status and new types of glioma patients. High mRNA expression levels of SHOX2 were associated with a poor prognosis in multiple tumor patients. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SHOX2-related genes were associated with cell cycle and DNA damage repair. Genetic alterations of SHOX2 were identified in multiple types of cancers, including duplications and deep mutations. Immune analysis showed that SHOX2 was closely correlated with the tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), neoantigen and neoantigens and immune checkpoint (ICP) in a variety of tumors and could influence the immunotherapy sensitivity of cancers. CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and colony formation experiments showed that SHOX2 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation abilities. CONCLUSION SHOX2 was overexpressed in multiple cancer types in TCGA cohort. SHOX2 knockdown inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration and colony formation ability. Our study showed that SHOX2 may be an immunotherapeutic and promising prognostic biomarker in certain types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, 96 Shangshahepu Street, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, 96 Shangshahepu Street, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Zongjun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Friendship Hospital, 96 Shangshahepu Street, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610066, China.
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Shi S, Zhong J, Peng W, Yin H, Zhong D, Cui H, Sun X. System analysis based on the migration- and invasion-related gene sets identifies the infiltration-related genes of glioma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1075716. [PMID: 37091145 PMCID: PMC10117932 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1075716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current database has no information on the infiltration of glioma samples. Here, we assessed the glioma samples' infiltration in The Cancer Gene Atlas (TCGA) through the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) with migration and invasion gene sets. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to identify the genes most associated with infiltration. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to analyze the major biological processes and pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to screen the key genes. Furthermore, the nomograms and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the prognostic and predictive accuracy of this clinical model in patients in TCGA and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). The results showed that turquoise was selected as the hub module, and with the intersection of DEGs, we screened 104 common genes. Through LASSO regression, TIMP1, EMP3, IGFBP2, and the other nine genes were screened mostly in correlation with infiltration and prognosis. EMP3 was selected to be verified in vitro. These findings could help researchers better understand the infiltration of gliomas and provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nayak C, Singh SK. Integrated Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Prognostic Hub Genes as Therapeutic Targets of Glioblastoma: Evidenced by Bioinformatics Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22531-22550. [PMID: 35811900 PMCID: PMC9260928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most devastating and frequent type of primary brain tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the use of surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy as standard therapy, the progression of GBM remains dismal with a median overall survival of <15 months. GBM embodies a populace of cancer stem cells (GSCs) that is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, therapeutic resistance, and post-treatment reoccurrence. However, understanding the potential mechanisms of stemness and their candidate biomarkers remains limited. Hence in this investigation, we aimed to illuminate potential candidate hub genes and key pathways associated with the pathogenesis of GSC in the development of GBM. The integrated analysis discovered differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the brain cancer tissues (GBM and GSC) and normal brain tissues. Multiple approaches, including gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were employed to functionally annotate the DEGs and visualize them through the R program. The significant hub genes were identified through the protein-protein interaction network, Venn diagram analysis, and survival analysis. We observed that the upregulated DEGs were prominently involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. The downregulated genes were mainly associated with the axon guidance pathway. Five significant hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) were screened out through multiple analyses. GO and KEGG analyses of hub genes uncovered that these genes were primarily enriched in disease-associated pathways such as the inhibition of apoptosis and the DNA damage repair mechanism, activation of the cell cycle, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), hormone AR (androgen receptor), hormone ER (estrogen receptor), PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT), RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase), and TSC/mTOR (tuberous sclerosis complex and mammalian target of rapamycin). Consequently, the epigenetic regulatory network disclosed that hub genes played a vital role in the progression of GBM. Finally, candidate drugs were predicted that can be used as possible drugs to treat GBM patients. Overall, our investigation offered five hub genes (CTNNB1, ITGB1, TNC, EGFR, and SHOX2) that could be used as precise diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers of GBM and might be used as personalized therapeutic targets to obstruct gliomagenesis.
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Li D, Li K, Zhang W, Yang KW, Mu DA, Jiang GJ, Shi RS, Ke D. The m6A/m5C/m1A Regulated Gene Signature Predicts the Prognosis and Correlates With the Immune Status of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918140. [PMID: 35833147 PMCID: PMC9272990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modification of m6A/m5C/m1A contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the functions of m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of 45 m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes in HCC tissues were determined. The functional mechanisms and protein–protein interaction network of m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes were investigated. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC gene set was categorized based on 45 m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes, and survival analysis was used to determine the relationship between the overall survival of HCC patients in subgroups. Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to construct the risk model and nomogram for m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes. The relationships between m6A/m5C/m1A regulated gene subsets and risk model and immune cell infiltration were analyzed using CIBERSORT. m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes were involved in mRNA and RNA modifications, mRNA and RNA methylation, mRNA and RNA stability, and other processes. There was a statistically significant difference between cluster1 and cluster2 groups of genes regulated by m6A/m5C/m1A. The prognosis of cluster1 patients was significantly better than that of cluster2 patients. There were statistically significant differences between the two cluster groups in terms of fustat status, grade, clinical stage, and T stage of HCC patients. The risk model comprised the overexpression of YBX1, ZC3H13, YTHDF1, TRMT10C, YTHDF2, RRP8, TRMT6, LRPPRC, and IGF2BP3, which contributed to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. The high-risk score was associated with prognosis, fustat status, grade, clinical stage, T stage, and M stage and was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in HCC patients. High-risk score mechanisms included spliceosome, RNA degradation, and DNA replication, among others, and high-risk was closely related to stromal score, CD4 memory resting T cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, resting mast cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, and follicular helper T cells. In conclusion, the cluster subgroup and risk model of m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes were associated with the poor prognosis and immune microenvironment in HCC and are expected to be the new tools for assessing the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Oncology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, China
| | - Kong-Wu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - De-An Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Jianyang City, Jianyang, China
| | - Guo-Jun Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Rong-Shu Shi
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Di Ke, ; Rong-Shu Shi,
| | - Di Ke
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Di Ke, ; Rong-Shu Shi,
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Teng Y, Loveless R, Benson EM, Sun L, Shull AY, Shay C. SHOX2 cooperates with STAT3 to promote breast cancer metastasis through the transcriptional activation of WASF3. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:274. [PMID: 34465361 PMCID: PMC8406721 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is most often the root cause of cancer-related death. Human short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is a novel inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells, though its exact role and underlying mechanisms in metastasis are not well understood. METHODS TCGA analysis was performed to identify the clinical relevance of SHOX2 in breast cancer. Gene depletion was achieved by short hairpin RNA and small interfering RNA. Molecular regulations and alterations were assessed by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR (ChIP-qPCR), and ChIP/re-ChIP. The impact of SHOX2 signaling on tumor growth and metastasis was evaluated in orthotopic breast tumor mice. RESULTS The expression level of SHOX2 is strongly associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients and inactivation of SHOX2 suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis in mice. In breast cancer cells, SHOX2 directly activates Wiskott-Aldridge syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3), a metastasis-promoting gene, at the transcriptional level, leading to a significant increase in metastatic potential. Mechanistically, SHOX2 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and recruits it to the WASF3 promoter, where STAT3 cooperates with SHOX2 to form a functional immunocomplex to promote WASF3 transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells. WASF3 knockdown abrogates SHOX2-induced metastasis, but not SHOX2-dependent tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a critical link between the SHOX2-STAT3-WASF3 signaling axis and metastasis and suggest that the targeting of this signaling node may represent a valuable alternative strategy for combating breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, GA, 30322, Atlanta, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Elayne M Benson
- Department of Biology, Presbyterian College, 29325, Clinton, SC, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 30912, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Austin Y Shull
- Department of Biology, Presbyterian College, 29325, Clinton, SC, USA
| | - Chloe Shay
- Emory Children's Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 30322, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Huang W, Huang H, Zhang S, Wang X, Ouyang J, Lin Z, Chen P. A Novel Diagnosis Method Based on Methylation Analysis of SHOX2 and Serum Biomarker for Early Stage Lung Cancer. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820969703. [PMID: 33167712 PMCID: PMC7791477 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820969703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lung cancer (LC) is often accompanied by significant methylation
abnormalities. This study aimed to develop a decision tree (DT) accompanied
the stature homeobox 2 gene (SHOX2) / prostaglandin E receptor 4 (PTGER4)
gene DNA methylation with traditional tumor marker in the differential
diagnosis of benign and malignant lung nodule. Methods: We performed a study with 104 patients enrolled in the LC group and 36
patients in the benign lung diseases group. All the clinical data of these
patients were collected through electronic medical record. Total Methylation
(TM) status of both SHOX2 and PTGER4 was defined as methylation levels of
SHOX2 plus methylation levels of PTGER4. One-way analysis was used to
compare the concentrations of serum samples and t-test was used to compare
pairwise mean values between groups. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used
to evaluate the diagnostic value. Furthermore, the strategy was validated in
19 LC patients and 11 patients with benign lung diseases. Results: There were significant differences between the concentration of
neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin
19 fragments (CYFRA21 -1) and the methylation levels of SHOX2, PTGER4 and TM
in lung benign diseases and cancer group. The AUCs of NSE, CEA, CYFRA21 -1,
Methylation SHOX2, Methylation PTGER4 and TM were 0.721 (95% CI:
0.627–0.816), 0.753 (95% CI: 0.673–0.833) and 0.778(95% CI: 0.700–0.856),
0.851(0.786-0.916), 0.847(0.780-0.913) and 0.861(0.800-0.922) respectively.
We developed a DT model with TM and CYFRA21 -1 used in this study, and the
area under the curve (AUC) of DT was 0.921 and the sensitivity up to 0.856.
In the validation cohort, the AUC of SHOX2, PTGER4 and TM was also much
higher than traditional serum markers. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the DT model calculated from the TM and CYFRA21 -1
can accurately classify LC and benign diseases, which showed better
diagnostic performance than traditional serum parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Centre Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuishen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhichao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangmen Centre Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lin L, Xin B, Jiang T, Wang XL, Yang H, Shi TM. Long non-coding RNA LINC00460 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by targeting microRNA-503-5p. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:1-13. [PMID: 32740791 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are associated with the pathogenesis of cancers. Moreover, LINC00460 is involved in the development of multiple cancers. However, the function of LINC00460 in cervical cancer (CC) remains inconclusive. Herein, CC tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues were collected from patients. The effect of LINC00460 silencing in cell proliferation and apoptosis in CC was explored in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the interaction between LINC00460 and miR-503-5p was analyzed using dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression of genes and proteins was assayed using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, cell viability using MTT assay, cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry, cell apoptosis using Annexin V staining, Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay. LINC00460 levels in CC tissues were higher than tumor-adjacent tissues. LINC00460 silencing suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CC cells as evidenced by decreased cell viability, inhibited proliferation-related protein and cell cycle protein expressions and G1/S transition, increased apoptotic cells and Hoechst-positive cells, and enhanced apoptosis-related protein expressions. LINC00460 could bind to miR-503-5p and LINC00460 silencing enhanced miR-503-5p expression and inhibited its target gene expressions in CC cells. MiR-503-5p inhibition reversed LINC00460 silencing-caused inhibition of cell proliferation and miR-503-5p target gene expressions, and promotion of cell apoptosis. LINC00460 silencing also attenuated tumor growth, promoted miR-503-5p levels and cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and miR-503-5p target gene expressions in tumor tissues. Hence, LINC00460 functioned as an oncogene in CC that affected cell proliferation and apoptosis via sponging miR-503-5p. This study provides a novel therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Lu Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Mei Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li N, Zeng Y, Huang J. Signaling pathways and clinical application of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1379-1393. [PMID: 32266538 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have focused on the early diagnostic value of the methylation of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. However, the intricate cellular events related to RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer are still a mystery. For researchers and clinicians aiming to more profoundly understand the diagnostic value of methylated RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer, this review will provide deeper insights into the molecular events of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. METHODOLOGY We searched for relevant publications in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "RASSF1A", "SHOX2" and "lung cancer" etc. First, we reviewed the RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes, from their family structures to the functions of their basic structural domains. Then we mainly focused on the roles of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer, especially on their molecular events in recent decades. Finally, we compared the value of measuring RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation with that of the common methods for the diagnosis of lung cancer patients. RESULTS The RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes were confirmed to be regulators or effectors of multiple cancer signaling pathways, driving tumorigenesis and lung cancer progression. The detection of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation has higher sensitivity and specificity than other commonly used methods for diagnosing lung cancer, especially in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS The RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes are critical for the processes of tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence in lung cancer. The combined detection of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation was identified as an excellent method for the screening and surveillance of lung cancer that exhibits high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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12
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Huang J, Chen YX, Zhang B. IGF2-AS affects the prognosis and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma via acting as a ceRNA of miR-503 to regulate SHOX2. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:23-38. [PMID: 31183590 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorder of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) is found in various types of cancers and demonstrated to be associated with tumor occurrence and development. Our study found that lncRNA insulin growth factor 2 antisense (IGF2-AS) is up-regulated in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) tissues and correlated with poor prognosis in patients with GAC. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that knockdown of IGF2-AS in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion. While, overexpression of IGF2-AS in AGS and MGC803 cells exhibited the opposite effects. RNA-FISH and subcellular fractionation assay found that most IGF2-AS was distributed in the cytoplasm, suggesting that IGF2-AS functioned as a potential ceRNA. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays further confirmed this assumption. By informatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we found that IGF2-AS functioned as an efficient miR-503 sponge and the level of miR-503 showed an inverse correlation with IGF2-AS. Short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) is predicted and verified as a target of miR-503. Moreover, IGF2-AS expression exhibited a negative correlation with miR-503 and a positive correlation with IGF2-AS. Subsequent rescue assay revealed that down-regulation of miR-503 or restoration of SHOX2 canceled IGF2-AS depletion-induced depression in proliferation and motility of BGC823 and SGC7901 cells. Meanwhile, up-regulation of miR-503 or down-regulation of SHOX2 decreased IGF2-AS overexpression induced promotion in proliferation and motility of AGS and MGC803 cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assay showed that knockdown of IGF2-AS significantly reduced tumor volume. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IGF2-AS takes important regulatory parts in GAC development by functioning as a ceRNA to regulate SHOX2 via sponging miR-503.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Huang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - You-Xiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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13
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Homeobox Genes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050621. [PMID: 31058850 PMCID: PMC6562709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths each year. It involves a multi-step progression and is strongly associated with chronic inflammation induced by the intake of environmental toxins and/or viral infections (i.e., hepatitis B and C viruses). Although several genetic dysregulations are considered to be involved in disease progression, the detailed regulatory mechanisms are not well defined. Homeobox genes that encode transcription factors with homeodomains control cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis in embryonic development. Recently, more aberrant expressions of Homeobox genes were found in a wide variety of human cancer, including HCC. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence related to the role of Homeobox genes in the development of HCC. The objective is to determine the roles of this conserved transcription factor family and its potential use as a therapeutic target in future investigations.
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Zhang GH, Zhong QY, Gou XX, Fan EX, Shuai Y, Wu MN, Yue GJ. Seven genes for the prognostic prediction in patients with glioma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1327-1335. [PMID: 30762207 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioma is a common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, which is characterized by a low cure rate, high morbidity, and high recurrence rate. Consequently, it is imperative to explore some indicators for prognostic prediction in glioma. METHODS We obtained glioma data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by R software from TCGA data sets. Through Cox regression analysis, risk scores were obtained to assess the weighted gene-expression levels, which could predict the prognosis of patients with glioma. The validity and the prognostic value of this model in glioma were confirmed by the manifestation of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), and 5-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS In total, 920 DEGs of transcriptome genes in glioma were extracted from the TCGA database. We identified a novel seven-gene signature associated with glioma. Among them, AL118505.1 and SMOC1 were positively related to the 5-year OS of patients with glioma, showing a better prognosis for glioma; however, RAB42, SHOX2, IGFBP2, HIST1H3G, and IGF2BP3 were negatively related to 5-year OS, displaying a worse prognosis. In addition, according to risk scores, AL118505.1 was also a protective factor, while others were risk factors. Furthermore, the expression levels of SHOX2, IGFBP2, and IGF2BP3 were significantly positively correlated with glioma grades. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the accuracy and sensitivity of the gene signature. Each of the seven genes for patients with the distribution of the risk score was presented in the heat map. CONCLUSION We identified a novel seven-gene signature in patients with glioma, which could be used as a predictor for the prognosis of patients with glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-H Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Q-Y Zhong
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - X-X Gou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - E-X Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Shuai
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - M-N Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - G-J Yue
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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15
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A novel scoring system predicts adjuvant chemolipiodolization benefit for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatectomy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25493-506. [PMID: 27027439 PMCID: PMC5041920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to develop a prognostic scoring system with which to identify patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemolipiodolization (ACL) after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data from 1150 HCC patients who underwent liver resection between 2002 and 2008 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital were used to develop the scoring system. Patients were stratified into prognostic subgroups using the new scoring system, and the outcomes of patients who received ACL and those who did not were compared in each subgroup. Using data from 379 patients operated on between 2008 and 2010 for validation, the scoring system had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.75 for predicting post-resectional overall survival (OS). It optimally stratified patients into three prognostic subgroups with scores of 0–5, 6–9 and ≥ 10, having better, medium and worse survival outcomes, respectively. A difference in OS between ACL and non-ACL patients was only detected in the subgroup with scores ≥ 10 (1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates: 63.9%, 22.6%, and 9.0% vs. 33.8%, 5.6%, and 2.8%, p = 0.001). Our proposed scoring system provides an effective tool for selecting the patients most likely to benefit from ACL.
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Xuan ZD, Zhou L, Wang Y, Zheng X. Prognostic value of the combination of serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, C-reactive protein and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with primary liver cancer who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:1169-1178. [PMID: 29048943 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1395284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Xuan
- The 3rd Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- The 3rd Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- The 3rd Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zheng
- The 3rd Department of Ultrasound, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, P.R. China
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Yi J, Jin L, Chen J, Feng B, He Z, Chen L, Song H. MiR-375 suppresses invasion and metastasis by direct targeting of SHOX2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:159-169. [PMID: 28069583 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type in China. MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed in mammals and play a significant role in tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting potential downstream genes. In the present study, microarray analysis showed that miR-375 expression was distinctly downregulated in ESCC compared with that in normal esophageal epithelium tissues. Then, luciferase reporter assay showed that SHOX2 was the direct downstream target of miR-375 and this interaction was confirmed by the rescue experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction results also showed that SHOX2 expression was upregulated in ESCC cells and tissues. Further analysis showed that SHOX2 induced proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of ESCC both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the interaction between miR-375 and SHOX2 affected the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We conclude that miR-375 may suppress invasion and metastasis of ESCC by directly targeting SHOX2. The miR-375/SHOX2 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhenyue He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
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Zhang YA, Zhou Y, Luo X, Song K, Ma X, Sathe A, Girard L, Xiao G, Gazdar AF. SHOX2 is a Potent Independent Biomarker to Predict Survival of WHO Grade II-III Diffuse Gliomas. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:80-89. [PMID: 27840009 PMCID: PMC5264450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse gliomas, grades II and III, hereafter called lower-grade gliomas (LGG), have variable, difficult to predict clinical courses, resulting in multiple studies to identify prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to assess expression or methylation of the homeobox family gene SHOX2 as independent markers for LGG survival. Methods We downloaded publically available glioma datasets for gene expression and methylation. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (LGG, n = 516) was used as a training set, and three other expression datasets (n = 308) and three other methylation datasets (n = 320), were used for validation. We performed Kaplan-Meier survival curves and univariate and multivariate Cox regression model analyses. Findings SHOX2 expression and gene body methylation varied among LGG patients and highly significantly predicted poor overall survival. While they were tightly correlated, SHOX2 expression appeared more potent as a prognostic marker and was used for most further studies. The SHOX2 prognostic roles were maintained after analyses by histology subtypes or tumor grade. We found that the combination of SHOX2 expression and IDH genotype status identified a subset of LGG patients with IDH wild-type (IDHwt) and low SHOX2 expression with considerably favorable survival. We further investigated the combination of SHOX2 with other known clinically relevant markers of LGG (TERT expression, 1p/19q chromosome co-deletion, MGMT methylation, ATRX mutation and NES expression). When combined with SHOX2 expression, we identified subsets of LGG patients with significantly favorable survival outcomes, especially in the subgroup with worse prognosis for each individual marker. Finally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that SHOX2 was a potent independent survival marker. Interpretation We have identified that SHOX2 expression or methylation are potent independent prognostic indicators for predicting LGG patient survival, and have potential to identify an important subset of LGG patients with IDHwt status with significantly better overall survival. The combination of IDH or other relevant markers with SHOX2 identified LGG subsets with significantly different survival outcomes, and further understanding of these subsets may benefit therapeutic target identification and therapy selections for glioma patients. SHOX2 is a potent independent prognostic indicator for grade II and III diffuse gliomas. SHOX2 in combination with IDH has the potential to identify important diffuese gliomas subsets with significantly better survivals. SHOX2 in combination with other markers is potentially useful for identifying distinct prognostic subsets of diffuse gliomas.
Diffuse glioma brain tumors (gliomas encompassing astrocytomas and oligodedrogliomas, grades II and III), have highly variable, difficult to predict clinical courses and a number of specific alterations have been identified that have prognostic or therapeutic implications, whether as single markers or in various combinations. The use of mutation status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme genes has been demonstrated to be a potent prognostic marker greatly improving survival prognosis. SHOX2 methylation was suggested to be associated with lung and breast cancers. In this study we assessed SHOX2 gene methylation and expression as independent markers for diffuse gliomas survival prognosis, by multiple statistical survival analyses of multiple genome-wide datasets. We have identified that SHOX2 is a potent independent prognostic marker, both by itself and in combination with other markers (IDH mutation status, 1p/19q codeltion, ATRX mutation, nestin or TERT expression and MGMT methylation), and potentially useful for refining the molecular classification of diffuse gliomas, and for distinguishing clinically distinct prognostic subgroups of gliomas patients for better therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Zhang
- The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kai Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adwait Sathe
- The Center for Systems Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- The Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Yao Q, Pei Y, Zhuo H, Xie B. Influence of ezrin-shRNA in combination with HSP70 on the apoptosis and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3441-3448. [PMID: 27900018 PMCID: PMC5103965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin and heat shock protein (HSP)70 have been reported to regulate cell apoptosis and tumor development of osteosarcoma. However, there has not been reported the synergy effect of knocking down ezrin and overexpressing HSP70. In the present study, two vectors, pGFP-V-RS-shRNA and pGFP-V-RS-shRNA-HSP70, were constructed and transfected into LM8 cells [denoted as small hairpin (sh)RNA group and dual group, respectively]. The apoptosis rates in these two transfected groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (empty vector) (P=0.036), while significantly lower proliferation rates were observed in these two groups (P=0.023). The cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity on target LM8 tumor cells in the dual group was significantly higher than in other groups, with cytotoxicity as high as 55.56±2.10%. Further studies revealed that the transfection of ezrin-shRNA/HSP70 also suppressed tumor formation in vivo in nude mice. A lower cluster of differentiation (CD)4/CD8 ratio was detected in the tumor formed by injecting cells in the dual group (P=0.006). Furthermore, the serum level of interleukin-4 in the dual group was significantly decreased, while the serum level of interferon-γ was significantly increased, compared with the other two groups (P=0.004). Simultaneously knocking down ezrin and overexpressing HSP70 promotes cellular apoptosis and suppresses the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and enhances the tumor killing effects of HSP70-induced immune killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yao
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Pei
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Bozhen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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The transmembrane transporter ABCC3 participates in liver cancer progression and is a potential biomarker. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2007-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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21
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Hong S, Noh H, Teng Y, Shao J, Rehmani H, Ding HF, Dong Z, Su SB, Shi H, Kim J, Huang S. SHOX2 is a direct miR-375 target and a novel epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inducer in breast cancer cells. Neoplasia 2014; 16:279-90.e1-5. [PMID: 24746361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have added a new dimension to our understanding of tumorigenesis and associated processes like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we show that miR-375 is elevated in epithelial-like breast cancer cells, and ectopic miR-375 expression suppresses EMT in mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells. We identified short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2) as a miR-375 target, and miR-375-mediated suppression in EMT was reversed by forced SHOX2 expression. Ectopic SHOX2 expression can induce EMT in epithelial-like breast cancer cells, whereas SHOX2 knockdown diminishes EMT traits in mesenchymal-like breast cancer cells, demonstrating SHOX2 as an EMT inducer. We show that SHOX2 acts as a transcription factor to upregulate transforming growth factor β receptor I (TβR-I) expression, and TβR-I inhibitor LY364947 abolishes EMT elicited by ectopic SHOX2 expression, suggesting that transforming growth factor β signaling is essential for SHOX2-induced EMT. Manipulating SHOX2 abundance in breast cancer cells impact in vitro invasion and in vivo dissemination. Analysis of breast tumor microarray database revealed that high SHOX2 expression significantly correlates with poor patient survival. Our study supports a critical role of SHOX2 in breast tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungguan Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hyangsoon Noh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hina Rehmani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System and E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaejik Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System and E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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