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Restaino S, Pellecchia G, Arcieri M, Bogani G, Taliento C, Greco P, Driul L, Chiantera V, Ercoli A, Fanfani F, Fagotti A, Ciavattini A, Scambia G, Vizzielli G. Management for Cervical Cancer Patients: A Comparison of the Guidelines from the International Scientific Societies (ESGO-NCCN-ASCO-AIOM-FIGO-BGCS-SEOM-ESMO-JSGO). Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2541. [PMID: 39061181 PMCID: PMC11274772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to have a significant incidence, despite global efforts in HPV vaccination campaigns. Managing this condition involves a diverse team of healthcare professionals. Research in this field is undergoing a period of great revolution in multiple areas, and international guidelines will soon have to adapt to new scientific evidence. This could be true mainly in locally advanced stages, and it could also be true for minimal invasive surgery. This paper aims to summarize and compare the most recent recommendations published by international gynecological oncological societies for patients with cervical cancer. From their comparison, common aspects and disagreements emerged, especially in the diagnostic pathway and follow-up strategies. Several issues that remain to be debated in the literature were addressed and compared, highlighting similarities and differences, from the role of the sentinel lymph node in early stages to that of the adjuvant hysterectomy in locally advanced tumors. On the surgical side, for this last subset of patients, currently, a laparotomic approach is recommended. At the same time, the advent of immunotherapy has just opened up new and promising scenarios in systemic treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer, and international guidelines will soon introduce it into their algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Restaino
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.R.); (G.P.); (L.D.); (G.V.)
- PhD School in Biomedical Sciences, Gender Medicine, Child and Women Health, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellecchia
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.R.); (G.P.); (L.D.); (G.V.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Arcieri
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.R.); (G.P.); (L.D.); (G.V.)
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Gynaecological Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Cristina Taliento
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (P.G.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Department of Medical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (P.G.)
| | - Lorenza Driul
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.R.); (G.P.); (L.D.); (G.V.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Woman’s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.R.); (G.P.); (L.D.); (G.V.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Ubinha ACF, Pedrão PG, Tadini AC, Schmidt RL, dos Santos MH, Andrade CEMDC, Longatto Filho A, dos Reis R. The Role of Pelvic Exenteration in Cervical Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:817. [PMID: 38398208 PMCID: PMC10886894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pelvic exenteration represents a radical procedure aimed at achieving complete tumor resection with negative margins. Although it is the only therapeutic option for some cases of advanced tumors, it is associated with several perioperative complications. We believe that careful patient selection is related to better oncologic outcomes and lower complication rates. The objectives of this review are to identify the most current indications for this intervention, suggest criteria for case selection, evaluate recommendations for perioperative care, and review oncologic outcomes and potential associated complications. To this end, an analysis of English language articles in PubMed was performed, searching for topics such as the indication for pelvic exenteration for recurrent gynecologic neoplasms selection of oncologic cases, the impact of tumor size and extent on oncologic outcomes, preoperative and postoperative surgical management, surgical complications, and outcomes of overall survival and recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla Franco Ubinha
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (R.L.S.); (M.H.d.S.); (C.E.M.d.C.A.); (R.d.R.)
| | - Priscila Grecca Pedrão
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (P.G.P.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Aline Cássia Tadini
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, Brazil;
| | - Ronaldo Luis Schmidt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (R.L.S.); (M.H.d.S.); (C.E.M.d.C.A.); (R.d.R.)
| | - Marcelo Henrique dos Santos
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (R.L.S.); (M.H.d.S.); (C.E.M.d.C.A.); (R.d.R.)
| | | | - Adhemar Longatto Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (P.G.P.); (A.L.F.)
- Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM), Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo dos Reis
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo 14784-400, Brazil; (R.L.S.); (M.H.d.S.); (C.E.M.d.C.A.); (R.d.R.)
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Sozzi G, Lauricella S, Cucinella G, Capozzi VA, Berretta R, Di Donna MC, Giallombardo V, Scambia G, Chiantera V. Laterally extended endopelvic resection for gynecological malignancies, a comparison between laparoscopic and laparotomic approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:107102. [PMID: 37801833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The historical approach to LEER is laparotomic, but recently laparoscopy has been proposed. The objective of this study was to compare surgical and oncological outcomes between the two approaches and to assess the overall quality of life (QoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Women submitted to LEER between October 2012 and March 2020 were retrospectively recruited. Peri-operative data were analyzed and compared. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30, QLQ-CX24, and QLQ-OV28 questionnaires were administered 6 months after surgery in women with no evidence of recurrence after LEER. RESULTS Of the included 41 patients, 20 were submitted to laparoscopic LEER (L-LEER) and 21 to open LEER (O-LEER). Median operating time (442 vs 630 min, p = 0.001), median blood loss (275 vs 800 ml, p < 0.001), and median length of hospital stays (10 vs 16 days, p = 0.002) were shorter in the laparoscopic group, while tumor resection rate and peri-operative complications were similar. After a median follow-up of 27.5 months, no differences, in terms of DFS (p = 0.83) and OS (p = 0.96) were observed between the two approaches. High functional scores and low levels of adverse symptoms were observed on the surviving women. CONCLUSION QoL after LEER is acceptable, and laparoscopy provides better surgical and similar oncological outcomes when compared to laparotomy. L-LEER can be considered a further option of treatment for women with gynecological tumors infiltrating the pelvic sidewall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Sozzi
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy.
| | - Sonia Lauricella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cucinella
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di. Chir. On. S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Berretta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mariano Catello Di Donna
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di. Chir. On. S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento Scienze della vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Fix N, Classen-von Spee S, Baransi S, Luengas-Würzinger V, Rawert F, Lippert R, Mallmann P, Lampe B. Pelvic Exenteration for Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: A 15-Year Monocentric Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4725. [PMID: 37835424 PMCID: PMC10571688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma are limited. In those cases, secondary surgical procedures such as pelvic exenteration form the only possible curative approach. The aim of this study was analyzing the outcomes of patients who underwent pelvic exenteration during the treatment of recurrent endometrial cancer intending to identify prognostic factors. More than 300 pelvic exenterations were performed. Fifteen patients were selected that received pelvic exenteration for recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma. Data regarding patient characteristics, indication for surgery, complete cytoreduction, tumor grading and p53- and L1CAM-expression were collected and statistically evaluated. Univariate Cox regression was performed to identify predictive factors for long-term survival. The mean survival after pelvic exenteration for the whole patient population was 22.7 months, with the longest survival reaching up to 69 months. Overall survival was significantly longer for patients with a curative treatment intention (p = 0.015) and for patients with a well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.014). Complete cytoreduction seemed favorable with a mean survival of 32 months in contrast to 10 months when complete cytoreduction was not achieved. Pelvic exenteration is a possible treatment option for a selected group of patients resulting in a mean survival of nearly two years, offering a substantial prognostic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nando Fix
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Sabrina Classen-von Spee
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Saher Baransi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Verónica Luengas-Würzinger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Friederike Rawert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Ruth Lippert
- Department of Pathology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oberhausen, Virchowstraße 20, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany;
| | - Peter Mallmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Björn Lampe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Florence-Nightingale-Hospital, Kreuzbergstraße 79, 40489 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.C.-v.S.); (S.B.); (V.L.-W.); (F.R.); (B.L.)
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Bizzarri N, Chiantera V, Loverro M, Ercoli A, Vizzielli G, Scambia G. Minimally invasive pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancies: the challenge of patients' selection. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2023; 15:193-196. [PMID: 37742196 PMCID: PMC10643015 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.15.3.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic exenteration is a radical procedure representing a salvage option in patients with recurrent or persistent gynaecological malignancies. It can be performed with an open or minimally invasive approach. Different studies have demonstrated optimal peri-operative outcomes of minimally invasive pelvic exenteration with no survival difference when compared with an open approach. In this article, we discuss the importance and the challenge of patient selection for pelvic exenteration and more specifically for minimally invasive pelvic exenteration.
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Lago V, Guijarro-Campillo AR, Vidal BS, Padilla-Iserte P, Matute L, Álvarez JAP, Del Pozo SD. An Easy Learning Approach to a Complex Surgical Technique: A Step-by-Step Site-Relapse Lateral Extended Endopelvic Resection (LEER). Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:4991-4993. [PMID: 37273023 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lateral pelvic sidewall involvement by gynecological tumors has been considered traditionally an absolute contraindication to curative resection.1 Moreover, the involvement of the pelvic sidewall at the time of relapse in cervical cancer after primary or adjuvant pelvic radiation occurs in 8.3% of patients.2,3 Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER), based on the ontogenetic compartment theory, provides a potential surgical option for patients for whom palliative therapy is the only alternative.4 This complex and ultraradical, surgical technique allows a high rate of complete resection in more than 70% of patients with gynecological cancers and lateral pelvic sidewall involvement. An adequate selection of patients and a deep knowledge of pelvic anatomy are crucial to obtain acceptable morbimortality rates and improved overall survival in this population.5 To deconstruct this complex procedure, we show a detailed step-by-step technique to facilitate the easy learning curve of this surgical technique. We review the Höckel original technique with different site-relapse adapted steps. We provide a pedagogical high-quality video (Video 1) and anatomical outline drawings (Fig. 1) to understand lateral pelvic wall anatomy and standardize this surgical technique. Our purpose is to bring this knowledge to gynecologists and pelvic surgeons in which pelvic lateral approach may be useful beyond gynecological oncologic surgery (Table 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Lago
- Universitary and Polytecnic Hospital La Fé, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis Matute
- Universitary and Polytecnic Hospital La Fé, Valencia, Spain
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Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: Which Is the Best Treatment? Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174176. [PMID: 36077713 PMCID: PMC9454638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological tumour in developed countries. The aim of this systematic review is to compare different therapeutic strategies in the treatment of endometrial cancer recurrence to evaluate their prognostic and curative effects. The treatment of choice should be assessed according to the relapse location and to the presence of single or multiple lesions. A crucial role is also played by the type of adjuvant treatment received at the time of the first diagnosis. The molecular pattern will also be investigated in future studies. This will make it possible to personalise treatments. Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological tumour in developed countries. The overall rate of relapse has remained unchanged in recent decades. Recurrences occur in approximately 20% of endometrioid and 50% of non-endometrioid cases. The aim of this systematic review is to compare different therapeutic strategies in the treatment of endometrial cancer recurrence to evaluate their prognostic and curative effects based on site and type of recurrence. Methods: This systematic review of literature was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020154042). PubMed, Embase, Chocrane and Cinahl databases were searched from January 1995 to September 2021. Five retrospective studies were selected. Results: A total of 3571 studies were included in the initial search. Applying the screening criteria, 299 articles were considered eligible for full-text reading, of which, after applying the exclusion criteria, 4 studies were selected for the final analysis and included in the systematic review. No studies were included for a quantitative analysis. We divided the results according to the location of the recurrence: locoregional recurrence, abdominal recurrence and extra abdominal recurrence. Conclusion: the treatment of choice should be assessed according to the relapse location and to the presence of single or multiple lesions. A crucial role in the decision-making algorithm is also the type of adjuvant treatment received at the time of the first diagnosis.
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Safety and feasibility of laterally extended endopelvic resection for sarcoma in the female genital tract: a prospective cohort study. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:355-367. [PMID: 35754364 PMCID: PMC9304442 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) for sarcoma in the female genital tract. Methods We prospectively recruited gynecologic cancer patients with sarcoma arising from female genital tract who underwent LEER at Seoul National University Hospital from December 2016 to March 2021. Clinicopathologic characteristics, surgical outcomes including postoperative complications and pain control, and survival outcomes of the patients were investigated. Results A total of nine patients were registered for this study. The median age was 56 years. Carcinosarcoma (n=2, 22%), leiomyosarcoma (n=2, 22%), and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (n=2, 22%) were common histology types. Complete resection was achieved in 88.9%. The most common location of pelvic sidewall tumors was infra-iliac acetabulum (66.7%). The pathologic outcome showed a median tumor size of 9.0 cm and internal iliac vessel resection with pelvic sidewall muscle was performed in all patients. The median estimated blood loss was 1,600 mL (range, 300–22,300), and the patients were postoperatively admitted to the intensive care unit for median 1 day (range, 0–8). Complete response was observed in 44.4% (4/9) in radiologic studies after LEER, and median progression-free survival, treatment-related survival, and overall survival were 3.3, 19.6, and 98.9 months, respectively. Conclusion LEER was feasible and safe in treating recurrent sarcoma presenting pelvic sidewall invasion with acceptable survival outcomes and manageable postoperative complications.
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Cibula D, Lednický Š, Höschlová E, Sláma J, Wiesnerová M, Mitáš P, Matějovský Z, Schneiderová M, Dundr P, Němejcová K, Burgetová A, Zámečník L, Vočka M, Kocián R, Frühauf F, Dostálek L, Fischerová D, Borčinová M. Quality of life after extended pelvic exenterations. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 166:100-107. [PMID: 35568583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to compare health-related quality of life (QoL) and oncological outcome between gynaecological cancer patients undergoing pelvic exenteration (PE) and extended pelvic exenteration (EPE). EPEs were defined as extensive procedures including, in addition to standard PE extent, the resection of internal, external, or common iliac vessels; pelvic side-wall muscles; large pelvic nerves (sciatic or femoral); and/or pelvic bones. METHODS Data from 74 patients who underwent PE (42) or EPE (32) between 2004 and 2019 at a single tertiary gynae-oncology centre in Prague were analysed. QoL assessment was performed using EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC CX-24, and QOLPEX questionnaires specifically developed for patients after (E)PE. RESULTS No significant differences in survival were observed between the groups (P > 0.999), with median overall and disease-specific survival in the whole cohort of 45 and 49 months, respectively. Thirty-one survivors participated in the QoL surveys (20 PE, 11 EPE). No significant differences were observed in global health status (P = 0.951) or in any of the functional scales. The groups were not differing in therapy satisfaction (P = 0.502), and both expressed similar, high willingness to undergo treatment again if they were to decide again (P = 0.317). CONCLUSIONS EPEs had post-treatment QoL and oncological outcome comparable to traditional PE. These procedures offer a potentially curative treatment option for patients with persistent or recurrent pelvic tumour invading into pelvic wall structures without further compromise of patients´ QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cibula
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Š Lednický
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Höschlová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Sláma
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Wiesnerová
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Mitáš
- Second surgical clinic - cardiovascular surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Matějovský
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Na Bulovce, Czech Republic
| | - M Schneiderová
- First surgical clinic - thoracic, abdominal and injury surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Burgetová
- Department of radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Zámečník
- Clinic of urology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Vočka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Kocián
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Frühauf
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Dostálek
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Fischerová
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Borčinová
- Gynaecologic oncology centre, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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Donna MCD, Sozzi G, Cucinella G, Giallombardo V, Gallotta V, Uccella S, Garzon S, Scambia G, Laganà AS, Chiantera V. Laparoscopic ultra-radical lymph node debulking using Yasargil clamps for gynecological malignancies: results from a large, multicenter, retrospective analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022; 29:1083-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Extended pelvic resection for gynecological malignancies: A review of out-of-the-box surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:393-400. [PMID: 35331571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The term 'out-of-the-box surgery' in gynecologic oncology was recently coined to describe the resection of tumor growing out of the endopelvic cavity. In the specific case of pelvic sidewall involvement, a laterally extended pelvic resection may be required. As previously defined by Höckel, this resection requires the en bloc removal of structures including the pelvic sidewall muscles, bones, nerves, and/or major vessels. This complex radical procedure leads to tumor-free margins in more than 75% of the patients, with reliable functional results. The rate of recurrence and overall survival are directly correlated with clear resection margins. Progress in imaging, surgical techniques, and perioperative care currently offer the opportunity to attempt surgical curative resection in selected patients for whom palliative therapy was the only alternative. However, the procedure is associated with a high rate of major postoperative complications affecting up to 60% of patients. Multidisciplinary expert centers are the most likely to achieve this complex surgery with favorable oncological outcomes. The aim of this review is to summarize the key issues of out-of-the-box surgery in gynecologic cancer.
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Bizzarri N, Foschi N, Loverro M, Tortorella L, Santullo F, Rosati A, Gueli Alletti S, Costantini B, Gallotta V, Ferrandina G, Fagotti A, Fanfani F, Ercoli A, Chiantera V, Scambia G, Vizzielli G. Indocyanine Green to Assess Vascularity of Ileal Conduit Anastomosis During Pelvic Exenteration for Recurrent/Persistent Gynecological Cancer: A Pilot Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727725. [PMID: 34950574 PMCID: PMC8691262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pelvic exenteration performed for recurrent/persistent gynecological malignancies has been associated with urological short- and long-term morbidity due to altered vascularization of tissues for previous radiotherapy. The aims of the present study were to describe the use of intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) to assess vascularity of urinary diversion (UD) after pelvic exenteration for gynecologic cancers, to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this technique, and to assess the postoperative complications. Methods Prospective, observational, single-center, pilot study including consecutive patients undergoing anterior or total pelvic exenteration due to persistent/recurrent gynecologic cancers between August 2020 and March 2021 at Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy. All patients underwent intravenous injection of 3–6 ml of ICG (1.25 mg/ml) once the UD was completed. A near-infrared camera was used to evaluate ICG perfusion of anastomoses (ileum–ileum, right and left ureter with small bowel, and colostomy or colorectal sides of anastomosis) a few seconds after ICG injection. Results Fifteen patients were included in the study. No patient reported adverse reactions to ICG injection. Only 3/15 patients (20.0%) had an optimal ICG perfusion in all anastomoses. The remaining 12 (80.0%) patients had at least one ICG deficit; the most common ICG deficit was on the left ureter: 3 (20.0%) vs. 1 (6.7%) patient had no ICG perfusion on the left vs. right ureter, respectively (p = 0.598). 8/15 (53.3%) and 6/15 (40.0%) patients experienced grade ≥3 30-day early and late postoperative complications, respectively. Of these, two patients had early and one had late postoperative complications directly related to poor perfusion of anastomosis (UD leak, ileum–ileum leak, and benign ureteric stricture); all these cases had a suboptimal intraoperative ICG perfusion. Conclusion The use of ICG to intraoperatively assess the anastomosis perfusion at time of pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancy is a feasible and safe technique. The different vascularization of anastomotic stumps may be related to anatomical sites and to previous radiation treatment. This approach could be in support of selecting patients at higher risk of complications who may need personalized follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Bizzarri
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Nazario Foschi
- UOC Clinica Urologica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Loverro
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Tortorella
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santullo
- UOC Chirurgia Peritoneo e Retroperitoneo, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Rosati
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gueli Alletti
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Costantini
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Gallotta
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally-Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Università Degli Studi di Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- ARNAS Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Academic Hospital of Udine, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Cianci S, Arcieri M, Vizzielli G, Martinelli C, Granese R, La Verde M, Fagotti A, Fanfani F, Scambia G, Ercoli A. Robotic Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies, Anatomic Landmarks, and Surgical Steps: A Systematic Review. Front Surg 2021; 8:790152. [PMID: 34917648 PMCID: PMC8669266 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.790152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic exenteration represents the last resort procedure for patients with advanced primary or recurrent gynecological malignancy. Pelvic exenteration can be divided into different subgroup based on anatomical extension of the procedures. The growing application of the minimally invasive surgical approach unlocked new perspectives for gynecologic oncology surgery. Minimally invasive surgery may offer significant advantages in terms of perioperative outcomes. Since 2009, several Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Pelvic Exenteration experiences have been described in literature. The advent of robotic surgery resulted in a new spur to the worldwide spread of minimally invasive pelvic exenteration. We present a review of the literature on robotic-assisted pelvic exenteration. The search was conducted using electronic databases from inception of each database through June 2021. 13 articles including 53 patients were included in this review. Anterior exenteration was pursued in 42 patients (79.2%), 2 patients underwent posterior exenteration (3.8%), while 9 patients (17%) were subjected to total exenteration. The most common urinary reconstruction was non-continent urinary diversion (90.2%). Among the 11 women who underwent to total or posterior exenteration, 8 (72.7%) received a terminal colostomy. Conversion to laparotomy was required in two cases due to intraoperative vascular injury. Complications' report was available for 51 patients. Fifteen Dindo Grade 2 complications occurred in 11 patients (21.6%), and 14 grade 3 complications were registered in 13 patients (25.5%). Only grade 4 complications were reported (2%). In 88% of women, the resection margins were negative. Pelvic exenteration represents a salvage procedure in patients with recurrent or persistent gynecological cancers often after radiotherapy. A careful patient selection remains the milestone of such a mutilating surgery. The introduction of the minimally invasive approach has led to advantages in terms of perioperative outcomes compared to classic open surgery. This review shows the feasibility of robotic pelvic exenteration. An important step forward should be to investigate the potential equivalence between robotic approaches and the laparotomic one, in terms of long-term oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cianci
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano Cianci
| | - Martina Arcieri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological, and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Canio Martinelli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Granese
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological, and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco La Verde
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "G. Barresi", Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Daix M, Angeles MA, Leray H, Vergriete K, Martinez A, Ferron G. Anterior pelvic exenteration and laterally extended pelvic resection: a step by step procedure. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 32:107-108. [PMID: 34711666 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-003047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Daix
- Department of Surgical Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Chretien - MontLegia, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Surgical Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Leray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Kelig Vergriete
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,Department of Surgical Oncology and INSERM CRCT Team 1, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenael Ferron
- Department of Surgical Oncology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France .,Department of Surgical Oncology and INSERM CRCT Team 19, Oncogenesis of Sarcomas, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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15
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Park SJ, Mun J, Lee S, Luo Y, Chung HH, Kim JW, Park NH, Song YS, Kim HS. Laterally Extended Endopelvic Resection Versus Chemo or Targeted Therapy Alone for Pelvic Sidewall Recurrence of Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683441. [PMID: 34113571 PMCID: PMC8186785 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) has been introduced for treatment of pelvic sidewall recurrence of cervical cancer (PSRCC), which occurs in only 8% of patients with relapsed cervical cancer. LEER can only be performed by a proficient surgeon due to the high risk of surgical morbidity and mortality, but there is no evidence as to whether LEER is may be more effective than chemo or targeted therapy alone for PSRCC. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between LEER and chemo or targeted therapy alone for treatment of PSRCC. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with PSRCC who underwent LEER between December 2016 and December 2019. Moreover, we retrospectively collected data on patients with PSRCC who received chemo or targeted therapy alone between January 2000 and December 2019. We compared treatment-free interval (TFI), progression-free survival (PFS), treatment-free survival (TFS), overall survival (OS), tumor response, neurologic disturbance of the low extremities, and pelvic pain severity in the different patient groups. Results Among 1295 patients with cervical cancer, we included 28 (2.2%) and 31 (2.4%) in the prospective and retrospective cohorts, respectively. When we subdivided all patients into two groups based on the median value of prior TFI (PTFI, 9.2 months), LEER improved TFI, PFS, TRS and OS compared to chemo or targeted therapy alone (median, 2.8 vs. 0.9; 7.4 vs. 4.1; 30.1 vs. 16.9 months; P ≤ 0.05) in patients with PTFI < 9.2 months despite no difference in survival in those with PTFI ≥ 9.2 months, suggesting that LEER may lead to better TFI, PFS, TRS and OS in patients with PTFI < 9.2 months (adjusted hazard ratios, 0.28, 0.27, 0.44 and 0.37; 95% confidence intervals, 0.12-0.68, 0.11-0.66, 0.18-0.83 and 0.15-0.88). Furthermore, LEER markedly reduced the number of morphine milligram equivalents necessary to reduce pelvic pain when compared with chemo or targeted therapy alone. Conclusion Compared to chemo or targeted therapy alone, LEER improved survival in patients with PSRCC and PTFI < 9.2 months, and it was effective at controlling the pelvic pain associated with PSRCC. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02986568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehee Mun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungmee Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hyun Hoon Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Noh Hyun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Chen HH, Meng WY, Li RZ, Wang QY, Wang YW, Pan HD, Yan PY, Wu QB, Liu L, Yao XJ, Kang M, Leung ELH. Potential prognostic factors in progression-free survival for patients with cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:531. [PMID: 33971846 PMCID: PMC8112015 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among females in low and middle-income countries. In this study, we aimed to assess the independent prognostic value of clinical and potential prognostic factors in progression-free survival (PFS) in cervical cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 92 cervical cancer patients treated from 2017 to 2019 at the Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Tumor characteristics, treatment options, progression-free survival and follow-up information were collected. Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess the PFS. Results Results showed that the number of retrieved lymph nodes had a statistically significant effect on PFS of cervical cancer patients (P = 0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with initial symptoms age 25–39 had worse survival prognoses (P = 0.020). And the using of uterine manipulator in laparoscopic treatment showed a better prognosis (P < 0.001). A novel discovery of our study was to verify the prognostic values of retrieved lymph nodes count combining with FIGO staging system, which had never been investigated in cervical cancer before. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, significant improvements were found after the combination of retrieved lymph nodes count and FIGO stage in predicting PFS for cervical cancer patients (P < 0.001, AUC = 0.826, 95% CI: 0.689–0.962). Conclusion Number of retrieved lymph nodes, initial symptoms age, uterine manipulator, and retrieved lymph nodes count combining with FIGO staging system could be potential prognostic factors for cervical cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08243-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Chen
- Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Run-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yi Wang
- Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Dan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Kang
- Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, People's Republic of China.
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Vizzielli G, Chiantera V, Ercoli A, Scambia G. ASO Authors Reflections: Vaginectomy as Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Cervical Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3291-3292. [PMID: 33099697 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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18
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Vizzielli G, Tortorella L, Conte C, Chiantera V, Gallotta V, Foschi N, Arcieri M, Ferrandina G, Fagotti A, Zattoni F, Scambia G, Ercoli A. Is a Vaginectomy Enough or is a Pelvic Exenteration Always Required for Surgical Treatment of Recurrent Cervical Cancer? A Propensity-Matched Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3281-3290. [PMID: 33063258 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reporting the perioperative and survival outcomes of vaginectomy with respect to a matched series of pelvic exenteration (PE) in women with isolated recurrent cervical cancer. METHODS The records of vaginal recurrent cervical cancer patients admitted at Fondazione Policlinico "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS in Rome from January 2010 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. A propensity-matched score analysis was performed by age, clinical stage, disease-free interval, and R0 resection. Postsurgical complications and survival rates were evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen women underwent vaginectomy, and 30 patients were submitted to PE. No statistical differences were observed between the two groups at baseline characteristics. The vaginectomy procedures were successfully performed in all women, and no case required conversion to PE. Moreover, a higher rate of major postoperative complications after PE with respect to vaginectomy (p = 0.027) was recorded. Among them, three women required reoperation within 30 postoperative days, and four experienced two or more complications. Twenty-five (55.6%) women experienced recurrence: 8 of 25 (32.0%) in the vaginectomy group, and 17 of 25 (68%) in the PE group, with a median progression-free survival of 20 months and 13 months, respectively (p = 0.169). In total, 5 of 15 (33.3%) died of disease in the vaginectomy group and 13/30 (43.3%) in the PE group, with a median overall survival of 39 and 18 months for vaginectomy and PE, respectively (p = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS The vaginectomy seems to allow for salvage treatment, such as radiotherapy and/or PE, but with a minimal impact on the quality of life in appropriately selected women with local recurrent cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Lucia Tortorella
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Conte
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gallotta
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nazario Foschi
- Division of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Arcieri
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filiberto Zattoni
- Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Sozzi G, Petrillo M, Gallotta V, Di Donna MC, Ferreri M, Scambia G, Chiantera V. Laparoscopic laterally extended endopelvic resection procedure for gynecological malignancies. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:853-859. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesPelvic side wall infiltration by gynecological malignancies has been considered for a long time an absolute contraindication to curative resection. The development of the laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) has challenged this surgical paradigm. Although the LEER has been standardized in open surgery, only small studies have been published about its endoscopic feasibility. The objective of this study is to analyze the safety of LEER in patients with gynecological malignancies involving the pelvic side wall.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of patients who underwent a laparoscopically modified LEER between July 2014 and November 2018. This indicated gynecological tumors involving the pelvic sidewall and surgeries were conducted in two Italian institutions. All patients underwent pre-operative CT scan or PET to evaluate for distant metastases. Patients without suspicioun of distant metastasis underwent pelvic MRI and examination under anesthesia to establish the resectability of the disease and concomitant diagnostic laparoscopy to exclude intraperitoneal dissemination. All women with disease-free interval <6 months, and/or performance status >2 ECOG were excluded. Type of resection was defined based on the status of the pathologic margins: R0, microscopically negative (free margin <5 mm); R1, microscopically positive; and R2, macroscopically (grossly) positive. Disease-free survival was calculated from the date of primary surgery to the time of recurrence. Overall survival was defined as the time from primary surgery to death.ResultsOverall, 39 patients underwent a laparoscopic LEER and 18 (46.2%) patients were eligible for a laparoscopic approach. Laparoscopic LEER was performed as primary treatment for newly diagnosed tumors in eight patients (44.4%), and for recurrences in the other 10 patients (55.6%). No laparotomic conversions were registered. R0 resection was achieved with negative margins in all patients. The median operative time was 415 min (range, 285–615), median estimated blood loss was 285 mL (range, 100–600), and the median length of hospital stay was 10 days (range; 4–22). Only four patients (22.2%) needed blood intraoperative transfusion. In seven patients (38.9%), post-operative admission to intensive care unit was required. There were three (16.7%) intraoperative complications, all managed laparoscopically. In total there were six (33.3%) major postoperative complications: three patients (16.7%) experienced moderate hydronephrosis with normal renal function, which required temporary placement of nephrostomy; one patient (5.6%) had permanent urinary retention; and two patients (11.1%) had a reoperation, one for post-operative hemoperitoneum and another for complete vaginal cuff dehiscence.DiscussionLaparoscopic LEER can be safely performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons, in carefully selected patients with gynecological malignancies involving the lateral pelvic side wall, even for those in which a bladder and rectum sparing surgery appears possible. Further larger prospective trials are needed to evaluate the oncological and the long-term functional outcomes.
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Federico A, Gallotta V, Foschi N, Costantini B, Conte C, Pinto F, Ercoli A, Ferrandina G, Dal Moro F, Bassi P, Zattoni F, Scambia G, Vizzielli G. Surgical outcomes of segmental ureteral resection with ureteroneocystostomy after major gynecologic surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46:1366-1372. [PMID: 32278519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2020.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Describing the surgical and oncological outcome of bladder-preserving ureter reconstruction (BPUR) with segmental ureteral resection after major gynecologic surgery. MATHERIALS AND METHODS Patients with BPUR admitted at a single institution between March 2012 and July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical and oncological data were assessed. RESULTS Forty-six women with gynecologic tumors involving the ureter were treated with BPUR. R0 resection was achieved in 40/46 patients (86.9%), while pathologic margins were microscopically positive in 6 women (13.1%). Overall, 12 women (26.0%) received radiotherapy before surgery: among them, 8 patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Twenty-six women underwent BPUR during primary surgery, whereas 20 (43.4%) required BPUR upon recurrence. Twenty-six patients (56.2%) were found to have hydronephrosis at pre-operative workup. The psoas bladder hitch was the most common procedure performed for urinary reconstruction (63%) with respect to direct reimplantation (37%). Fourteen patients (14/46 = 30.4%) experienced urological complications. Urinary leakage occurred in 9 patients (19.5%), specifically: 5 uretero-vaginal fistula, 3 uroperitoneum, 1 uretero-enteral fistula. There were 3 cases (6.5%) of hydronephrosis at the side of ureteroneocystostomy and 2 cases (4.3%) of unilateral renal impairment requiring nephrectomy. At multivariate analysis only pre-operative radiotherapy (p = 0.047) and a history of pelvic irradiation (p = 0.025) were independently associated with an increased risk of developing severe urinary complications. CONCLUSIONS BPUR is feasible in gynecologic cancer with invasion of the urinary tract. However, since a slight increase of post-operative urological complications was observed in the previously irradiated fields, a personalized surgical planning is recommended for these women in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Federico
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Gallotta
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nazario Foschi
- Division of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Costantini
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Conte
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinto
- Division of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-Urology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Bassi
- Division of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Filiberto Zattoni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-Urology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-Urology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Di Donna MC, Sozzi G, Cicero C, Vizzielli G, Scambia G, Chiantera V. Laparoscopic laterally extended pelvic resection for gynecological malignancies. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 30:555. [DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Minimally Invasive Pelvic Exenteration for Gynecologic Malignancies: A Multi-Institutional Case Series and Review of the Literature. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26:1316-1326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Martínez-Gómez C, Angeles MA, Saint-Lebes B, Migliorelli F, Martinez A, Ferron G. How to simplify out-of-the-box surgery in recurrent gynecologic malignancies compromising iliac vessels: preoperative femorofemoral crossover bypass. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:ijgc-2019-000393. [PMID: 31133600 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2019-000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Team 1, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse - Inserm UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Martina Aida Angeles
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Federico Migliorelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Martinez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Team 1, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse - Inserm UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenael Ferron
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud - Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Team 19, ONCOSARC - Oncogenesis of sarcomas, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse - Inserm UMR1037, Toulouse, France, Toulouse, France
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Vizzielli G, Perrone E, Gioè A, Tinelli G, Scambia G. Inguino-abdominal combined approach for laterally extended pelvic resection: a step by step procedure. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019; 29:444-445. [PMID: 30718318 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2018-000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This video article demonstrates an inguino-abdominal combined approach for laterally extended pelvic resection, a major surgical procedure for locally advanced primary or recurrent gynecological cancer infiltrating the pelvic sidewall, for which palliative therapy is the only alternative.1 After local institutional review board approval (protocol No CICOG 02/03/62), we made a step by step surgical video of an inguino-abdominal combined approach for laterally extended pelvic resection , defined as an en bloc resection of a pelvic tumor with pelvic sidewall structures, including the iliopsoas and/or obturator internus muscles.2 3 The patient, a 48-year-old woman, diagnosed with single pelvic platinum resistant recurrence after five lines of chemotherapy for serous ovarian cancer G3, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIC, BRCA wild type. The preoperative positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan detected uptake on the right side at the level of the external iliac region and obturator fossa: the tumor surrounded the right external iliac vessels by more than 50% of their circumferences, with possible involvement of the vascular wall and venous vascular compression (Tinelli's score=4).4 The tumor extended towards the obturator fossa, with possible involvement of the inguinal canal. Due to an uncertain pathological response, the size of the recurrence, and its close contiguity with the ureter and bowel, we decided to avoid radiation therapy as it could result in a ureteral or intestinal fistula. We performed a laterally extended pelvic resection, as shown step by step in the video.The procedure was conducted until complete removal of recurrence (R0). Estimated blood loss was 1000 mL and total operative time was 240 min. The patient was discharged after 15 days; we reported a urinary infection, a likely postoperative complication. The pathology report described a lymphnodal relapse of ovarian cancer (diameter=6 cm) with infiltration of surrounding tissue and in the sano margins. Six months after surgery, the patient is alive without evidence of relapse.The borders of pelvic surgical anatomy are continually extending, requiring surgeons to use a personalized approach and to continually update their anatomic knowledge. In this context, laterally extended pelvic resection could be a feasible surgical procedure, representing a salvage treatment in recurrent or persistent primary gynecological malignancies infiltrating the pelvic sidewall, when other approaches have failed. However, additional clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Vizzielli
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Emanuele Perrone
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia .,Istituto di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Alessandro Gioè
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Tinelli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- UOC di Ginecologia Oncologica, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia.,Istituto di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
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