1
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Yamada M, Liu MTH, Nagase S, Akasaka T. New Horizons in Chemical Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Molecules 2020; 25:E3626. [PMID: 32784953 PMCID: PMC7463479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview explains some new aspects of chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) that have been unveiled in recent years. After differences in chemical reactivity between EMFs and the corresponding empty fullerenes are discussed, cage-opening reactions of EMFs are examined. Then, the selective bisfunctionalization of EMFs is explained. Finally, single-bonding derivatization of EMFs is addressed. The diversity and applicability of the chemical functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes are presented to readers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Michael T. H. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A4P3, Canada;
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
- TARA Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Kako M, Arikawa Y, Kanzawa S, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Furukawa M, Akasaka T. Addition of
S
‐Heterocyclic Carbenes to Fullerenes: Formation and Characterization of Dithiomethano‐Bridged Derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering ScienceThe University of Electro-Communications Chofu 182-8585 Japan
| | - Yuki Arikawa
- Department of Engineering ScienceThe University of Electro-Communications Chofu 182-8585 Japan
| | - Shinji Kanzawa
- Department of Engineering ScienceThe University of Electro-Communications Chofu 182-8585 Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Gakugei University Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Gakugei University Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Makoto Furukawa
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of ChemistryTokyo Gakugei University Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
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3
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Kako M, Ozeki F, Kanzawa S, Fukazawa S, Sato K, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Furukawa M, Akasaka T. Photoreactions of Sc3
N@I
h
-C80
and Lu3
N@I
h
-C80
with disilirane: Isolation and characterization of labile 1,2-adducts. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science; The University of Electro-Communications; Chofu Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ozeki
- Department of Engineering Science; The University of Electro-Communications; Chofu Japan
| | - Shinji Kanzawa
- Department of Engineering Science; The University of Electro-Communications; Chofu Japan
| | - Shinpei Fukazawa
- Department of Engineering Science; The University of Electro-Communications; Chofu Japan
| | - Kumiko Sato
- TARA Center; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Furukawa
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- TARA Center; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science; Tsukuba Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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4
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Gewinnung reaktiver Fullerene aus Ruß durch exohedrale Derivatisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
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5
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Salvaging Reactive Fullerenes from Soot by Exohedral Derivatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13394-13405. [PMID: 29665229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The awesome allotropy of carbon yields innumerable topologically possible cage structures of molecular carbon. This field is also related to endohedral metallofullerenes constructed by metal-atom encapsulation. Stable and soluble empty fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes are available in pure form in macroscopic amounts from carbon arc production or other physical processes followed by extraction and subsequent chromatographic separation. However, many other unidentified fullerene species, which must be reactive and insoluble in their pristine forms, remain in soot. These "missing" species must have extremely small HOMO-LUMO gaps and may have unconventional cage structures. Recent progress in this field has demonstrated that reactive fullerenes can be salvaged by exohedral derivatization, which can stabilize the reactive carbon cages. This concept provides a means of preparing macroscopic amounts of unconventional fullerenes as their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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6
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Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes with Reactive Silicon and Germanium Compounds. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071179. [PMID: 28708116 PMCID: PMC6152362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exohedral derivatization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) has been exploited as a useful method for characterizing the structural and chemical properties of EMFs, and for functionalizing them for potential applications. The introduction of heteroatoms, such as electropositive silicon atoms, to fullerene cages is a novel functionalization method that remarkably affects the electronic characteristics of fullerenes. This review comprehensively describes the results of the reactions of monometallofullerene, dimetallofullerene, and trimetallic nitride template EMFs with disilirane, silirane, silylene, and digermirane, which afforded the corresponding silylated and germylated fullerenes. Several examples emphasize that exohedral functionalization regulates the dynamic behaviors of the encapsulated metal atoms and clusters in the fullerene cages. The electronic effects of silyl and germyl groups are represented by comparing the redox properties of silylated and germylated EMFs with those of other EMFs derivatized with carbon-atom-based functional groups.
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7
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Yamada M, Sato S, Choi W, Seki S, Abe T, Suzuki M, Maeda Y, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Temperature Dependence of Anisotropic Transient Conductivity of a La@C2v-C82(Ad) Crystal. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501
| | - Satoru Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501
- Department of Chemistry, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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8
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Kako M, Sugiura T, Miyabe K, Yasui M, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Guo JD, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Preparation, Structural Determination, and Characterization of Electronic Properties of [5,6]- and [6,6]-Carbosilylated Sc 3 N@I h -C 80. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1391-1399. [PMID: 28452140 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical carbosilylation of Sc3 N@Ih -C80 with silirane 1 afforded two corresponding [5,6]-adducts, 2 and 3, and a [6,6]-adduct, 4. The structural and electronic properties of these products were characterized by means of spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods. The structure of 2 was disclosed by means of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Thermal isomerization of 3 to 2 was observed, whereas that of 2 to 3 proceeded less efficiently at 100 °C. Upon heating under the same conditions, adduct 4 underwent facile decomposition to afford Sc3 N@Ih -C80 , or isomerized into small amounts of 2 and 3. The relative stabilities of 2, 3, and 4 were rationalized through the results of theoretical calculations. In contrast, adducts 2, 3, and 4 were stable under the photolytic conditions employed for carbosilylation. The photochemical functionalization of Sc3 N@Ih -C80 represents a convenient synthetic method to obtain thermally labile fullerene-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugiura
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Miyabe
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasui
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Jing-Dong Guo
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 3, 05-0821, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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9
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Kako M, Minami K, Kuroiwa T, Fukazawa S, Arikawa Y, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Li QZ, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Photoreactions of Endohedral Metallofullerene with Siliranes: Electronic Properties of Carbosilylated Lu₃N@I h-C 80. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050850. [PMID: 28531116 PMCID: PMC6154294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemical carbosilylation of Lu3N@Ih-C80 was performed using siliranes (silacyclopropanes) to afford the corresponding [5,6]- and [6,6]-adducts. Electrochemical studies indicated that the redox potentials of the carbosilylated derivatives were shifted cathodically in comparison with those of the [5,6]-pyrrolidino adducts. The electronic effect of the silirane addends on Lu3N@Ih-C80 was verified on the basis of density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Minami
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kuroiwa
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Shinpei Fukazawa
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuki Arikawa
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585, Japan.
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
| | - Qiao-Zhi Li
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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10
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Yamada M, Abe T, Saito C, Yamazaki T, Sato S, Mizorogi N, Slanina Z, Uhlík F, Suzuki M, Maeda Y, Lian Y, Lu X, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Adamantylidene Addition to M 3 N@I h -C 80 (M=Sc, Lu) and Sc 3 N@D 5h -C 80 : Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of the [5,6]-Open and [6,6]-Open Adducts. Chemistry 2017; 23:6552-6561. [PMID: 28145046 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Additions of adamantylidene (Ad) to M3 N@Ih -C80 (M=Sc, Lu) and Sc3 N@D5h -C80 have been accomplished by photochemical reactions with 2-adamantyl-2,3'-[3H]-diazirine (1). In M3 N@Ih -C80 , the addition led to rupture of the [6,6]- or [5,6]-bonds of the Ih -C80 cage, forming the [6,6]-open fulleroid as the major isomer and the [5,6]-open fulleroid as the minor isomer. In Sc3 N@D5h -C80 , the addition also proceeded regioselectively to yield three major isomeric Ad mono-adducts, despite the fact that there are nine types of C-C bonds in the D5h -C80 cage. The molecular structures of the seven Ad mono-adducts, including the positions of the encaged trimetallic nitride clusters, have been unambiguously determined through single-crystal XRD analyses. Furthermore, results have shown that stepwise addition of Ad to Lu3 N@Ih -C80 affords several Ad bis-adducts, two of which have been isolated and characterized. The X-ray structure of one bis-adduct clearly revealed that the second Ad addition took place at a [6,6]-bond close to an endohedral metal atom. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to rationalize the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Chiharu Saito
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamazaki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung-Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62117, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
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11
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Moreira L, Illescas BM, Martín N. Supramolecular Complexation of Carbon Nanostructures by Crown Ethers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3347-3358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moreira
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanoscience, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Yamada M, Tanabe Y, Dang JS, Sato S, Mizorogi N, Hachiya M, Suzuki M, Abe T, Kurihara H, Maeda Y, Zhao X, Lian Y, Nagase S, Akasaka T. D 2d(23)-C 84 versus Sc 2C 2@D 2d(23)-C 84: Impact of Endohedral Sc 2C 2 Doping on Chemical Reactivity in the Photolysis of Diazirine. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16523-16532. [PMID: 27998084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We compared the chemical reactivity of D2d(23)-C84 and that of Sc2C2@D2d(23)-C84, both having the same carbon cage geometry, in the photolysis of 2-adamantane-2,3'-[3H]-diazirine, to clarify metal-atom doping effects on the chemical reactivity of the carbon cage. Experimental and computational studies have revealed that the chemical reactivity of the D2d(23)-C84 carbon cage is altered drastically by endohedral Sc2C2 doping. The reaction of empty D2d(23)-C84 with the diazirine under photoirradiation yields two adamantylidene (Ad) adducts. NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the major Ad monoadduct (C84(Ad)-A) has a fulleroid structure and that the minor Ad monoadduct (C84(Ad)-B) has a methanofullerene structure. The latter was also characterized using X-ray crystallography. C84(Ad)-A is stable under photoirradiation, but it interconverted to C84(Ad)-B by heating at 80 °C. In contrast, the reaction of endohedral Sc2C2@D2d(23)-C84 with diazirine under photoirradiation affords four Ad monoadducts (Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-A, Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-B, Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-C, and Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-D). The structure of Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-C was characterized using X-ray crystallography. Thermal interconversion of Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-A and Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-B to Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-C was also observed. The reaction mechanisms of the Ad addition and thermal interconversion were elucidated from theoretical calculations. Calculation results suggest that C84(Ad)-B and Sc2C2@C84(Ad)-C are thermodynamically favorable products. Their different chemical reactivities derive from Sc2C2 doping, which raises the HOMO and LUMO levels of the D2d(23)-C84 carbon cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tanabe
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Satoru Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Hachiya
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Abe
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University , Harbin 150080, China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
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13
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Suzuki M, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Sato S, Takano Y, Uhlík F, Slanina Z, Lian Y, Lu X, Nagase S, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Akasaka T. The Unanticipated Dimerization of Ce@C2v(9)-C82upon Co-crystallization with Ni(octaethylporphyrin) and Comparison with Monomeric M@C2v(9)-C82(M = La, Sc, and Y). Chemistry 2016; 22:18115-18122. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Josai University; Saitama 350-0295 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Satoru Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-8588 Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS); Kyoto University; Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Filip Uhlík
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; 128 43 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Slanina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; National Chung-Cheng University; Chia-Yi 62117 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry; Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Heilongjiang University; Harbin 150080 P.R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong; University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
| | - Marilyn M. Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Davis California 95616 USA
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-8588 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong; University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science; Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
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14
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Fujita Y, Abe M, Shiota Y, Suzuki T, Yoshizawa K. Computational Study of Cyclobutane-1,3-diylidene Dicarbenes: Ground-State Spin Multiplicity and New Strategy toward the Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-enes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Takano Y, Tashita R, Suzuki M, Nagase S, Imahori H, Akasaka T. Molecular Location Sensing Approach by Anisotropic Magnetism of an Endohedral Metallofullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8000-6. [PMID: 27314267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Location recognition at the molecular scale provides valuable information about the nature of functional molecular materials. This study presents a novel location sensing approach based on an endohedral metallofullerene, Ce@C82, using its anisotropic magnetic properties, which lead to temperature-dependent paramagnetic shifts in (1)H NMR spectra. Five site-isomers of Ce@C82CH2-3,5-C6H3Me2 were synthesized to demonstrate the spatial sensing ability of Ce@C82. Single-crystal structures, absorption spectra, and density functional theory calculations were used to select the plausible addition positions in the radical coupling reaction, which preferentially happens on the carbon atoms with high electron density of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and positive charge. Temperature-dependent NMR measurements demonstrated unique paramagnetic shifts of the (1)H peaks, which were derived from the anisotropic magnetism of the f-electron in the Ce atom of the isomers. It was found that the magnetic anisotropy axes can be easily predicted by theoretical calculations using the Gaussian 09 package. Further analysis revealed that the temperature-dependent trend in the shifts is clearly predictable from the distance and relative position of the proton from the Ce atom. Hence, the Ce-encapsulated metallofullerene Ce@C82 can provide spatial location information about nearby atoms through the temperature-dependent paramagnetic shifts of its NMR signals. It can act as a molecular probe for location sensing by utilizing the anisotropic magnetism of the encapsulated Ce atom. The potentially low toxicity and stability of the endohedral fullerene would make Ce@C82 suitable for applications in biology and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Tashita
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University , Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
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16
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Ariga K, Minami K, Shrestha LK. Nanoarchitectonics for carbon-material-based sensors. Analyst 2016; 141:2629-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00057f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the nanoarchitectonics concept has been proposed to fabricate functional materials on the basis of concerted harmonization actions to control materials organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Kosuke Minami
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Lok Kumar Shrestha
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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17
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Kanahara K, Badal MDMR, Hatano S, Abe M, Higashibayashi S, Takashina N, Sakurai H. Intra- and Intermolecular Reactivity of Triplet Sumanenetrione. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Kanahara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - MD Mizanur Rahman Badal
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
- Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University
- Reserach Center for Smart Materials, Hiroshima University
| | - Shuhei Higashibayashi
- Institute for Molecular Science
- School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Studies
| | - Naoto Takashina
- School of Physical Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Studies
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18
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Kako M, Miyabe K, Sato K, Suzuki M, Mizorogi N, Wang WW, Yamada M, Maeda Y, Olmstead MM, Balch AL, Nagase S, Akasaka T. Preparation, Structural Determination, and Characterization of Electronic Properties of Bis-silylated and Bis-germylated Lu3 N@Ih -C80. Chemistry 2015; 21:16411-20. [PMID: 26439980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bis-silylated and bis-germylated derivatives of Lu3 N@Ih -C80 (3, 4, 5) were successfully synthesized by the photochemical addition of disiliranes 1 a, 1 b or digermirane 2, and fully characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical studies. Interestingly, digermirane 2 reacts more efficiently than disiliranes 1 a and 1 b because of its good electron-donor properties and lower steric hindrance around the Ge-Ge bond. The 1,4-adduct structures of 3, 4, 5 were unequivocally established by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses. The electrochemical and theoretical studies reveal that the energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the 1,4-adducts are remarkably smaller than those of Lu3 N@Ih -C80 , because the electron-donating groups effectively raise the HOMO levels. It is also observed that germyl groups are slightly more electron-donating than the silyl groups on the basis of the redox properties and the HOMO-LUMO energies of 4 and 5. Bis-silylation and bis-germylation are effective and versatile methods for tuning the electronic characteristics of endohedral metallofullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kako
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585 (Japan).
| | - Kyosuke Miyabe
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu 182-8585 (Japan)
| | - Kumiko Sato
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan)
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan).,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Naomi Mizorogi
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan)
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103 (Japan)
| | - Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan)
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (USA).
| | - Alan L Balch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (USA).
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103 (Japan).
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan). .,Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan). .,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Ibaraki 305-0821 (Japan). .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 (P.R. China).
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