1
|
Umabharathi SB, Neetha M, Anilkumar G. Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Aminations: An Outline. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:3. [PMID: 38265533 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Amination reactions play a pivotal role in synthetic organic chemistry, facilitating the generation of nitrogen-containing scaffolds with broad applications in drug synthesis, material production, polymer formation, and the generation of amino acids and peptides. Amination offers the potential to fine tune the properties of natural products and produce functional materials for various applications. Palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (Pd-NHC) emerges as an innovative and highly effective catalyst in this context. Under favorable reaction conditions, this robust and simple catalyst efficiently facilitates the synthesis of a diverse range of compounds with varying complexity and utility. Pd-NHC complexes exhibit significant σ-electron donating potential, enhancing the ease of the oxidative addition process in their mechanistic pathway. Their steric topography further contributes to a rapid reductive elimination. These complexes demonstrate remarkable stability, a result of the strong Pd-ligand bond. The wide variety of Pd-NHC complexes has proven highly efficient in catalyzing reactions across a spectrum of complexities, from simple to intricate. The domain of aminations catalyzed by Pd-NHC has undergone significant diversification, presenting new opportunities, particularly in the realms of material chemistry and natural product synthesis. This review outlines the advancements in Pd-NHC-catalyzed amination reactions, covering literature up to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Umabharathi
- School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P. O., Kollam, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
- Institute for Integrated Programs and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Center (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P. O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schilter O, Vaucher A, Schwaller P, Laino T. Designing catalysts with deep generative models and computational data. A case study for Suzuki cross coupling reactions. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:728-735. [PMID: 37312682 PMCID: PMC10259369 DOI: 10.1039/d2dd00125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The need for more efficient catalytic processes is ever-growing, and so are the costs associated with experimentally searching chemical space to find new promising catalysts. Despite the consolidated use of density functional theory (DFT) and other atomistic models for virtually screening molecules based on their simulated performance, data-driven approaches are rising as indispensable tools for designing and improving catalytic processes. Here, we present a deep learning model capable of generating new catalyst-ligand candidates by self-learning meaningful structural features solely from their language representation and computed binding energies. We train a recurrent neural network-based Variational Autoencoder (VAE) to compress the molecular representation of the catalyst into a lower dimensional latent space, in which a feed-forward neural network predicts the corresponding binding energy to be used as the optimization function. The outcome of the optimization in the latent space is then reconstructed back into the original molecular representation. These trained models achieve state-of-the-art predictive performances in catalysts' binding energy prediction and catalysts' design, with a mean absolute error of 2.42 kcal mol-1 and an ability to generate 84% valid and novel catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schilter
- IBM Research Europe Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Switzerland
| | - Alain Vaucher
- IBM Research Europe Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schwaller
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Switzerland
| | - Teodoro Laino
- IBM Research Europe Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research-Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis) Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saikia R, Das S, Almin A, Mahanta A, Sarma B, Thakur AJ, Bora U. N, N′-Dimethylurea as an efficient ligand for the synthesis of pharma-relevant motifs through Chan–Lam cross-coupling strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3143-3155. [PMID: 36987866 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of copper and N,N′-dimethylurea is used to showcase the Chan–Lam N-arylation of three different nitrogen nucleophiles. The synthesized catalyst is cheap, chemoselective, and also found to be effective in the N-arylation of target APIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - Sanghamitra Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - Arzu Almin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - Abhijit Mahanta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Digboi College, Tinsukia, Assam-786171, India
| | - Bipul Sarma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - Ashim J Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| | - Utpal Bora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam 784028, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Z, Xu J, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Li Y. Pd immobilized on EDTA-modified cellulose: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application in inter- and intramolecular Heck reactions and Larock reactions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
5
|
Gupta V, Singh S, Sachan SK, Maurya B, Char S, Prasad DLVK, Anantharaman G. Cyclic Palladium Formamidinate: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Application to Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3811-3815. [PMID: 35192343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The deprotonation of acyclic palladium amidine chloride (1) with potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran results in palladium bis(formamidinate) (2). 2 undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction with acetonitrile in the presence of PdCl2 or Pd(OAc)2 (OAc = acetate) to give dinuclear cyclic six-membered (triazapentadiene)palladium complexes (4a and 4b). These compounds are also prepared from cyclic six-membered (tap)PdCl2 (5; tap = triazapentadiene) or formamidinium salts (6a-6c) with Pd(OAc)2/NaOAc in acetonitrile, whereas the direct reaction of 2 with acetonitrile or acrylonitrile resulted in palladium black or an acyclic C-N-coupled product (3). A comparison of structure 4 from 2 suggests a possible intermediate dinuclear palladium complex whose structure was identified through theoretical calculations. Further, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions were carried out under different solvents notably in an ethanol/water medium at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sharad Kumar Sachan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - BrijKishor Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Subhamoy Char
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Dasari L V K Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ganapathi Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IITK), Kanpur 208016, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bisamidate-functionalized NHC ligands: Electronic and steric influences of N-substituents on the bisamidate moieties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
7
|
Fazekas E, Jenkins DT, Forbes AA, Gallagher B, Rosair GM, McIntosh RD. Amino acid-derived bisphenolate palladium complexes as C-C coupling catalysts. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17625-17634. [PMID: 34806099 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of amine bisphenol (ABP) pro-ligands featuring amino acid ester pendant arms were prepared. Optimisation of the synthetic method allowed the facile incorporation of naturally occurring, chiral amino acids into the ABP scaffold with minimal racemisation. Reaction of the pro-ligands (LH2) with Pd(OAc)2, in the presence of amines, led to the formation of complexes with an unprecedented pincer-like O,N,O coordination mode around the PdII centre. The complexations in the presence of trialkylamines (NR3) afforded a mixture of LPdNR3 and LPdNHR2 species. The latter was shown to form via an ambient-temperature C-N cleavage involving unstable Pd(OAc)2(NHR2)2 intermediates. Using pyridine as base eliminated this dealkylation and resulted in the exclusive formation of LPd(py) complexes in high yields. In total, seven novel PdII ABP complexes were prepared, exhibiting distorted square-planar geometries with the asymmetric ligand moieties orientated towards the metal centre. The air- and moisture-stable LPd(py) complexes were successfully employed as catalysts in two types of C-C coupling reactions. The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 4'-bromoacetophenone and phenylboronic acid reached high yields (up to 81%), while a scope of further alkyl bromides was also efficiently converted using low catalyst loadings (1 mol%) and mild temperatures (40 °C). Furthermore, a Pd-pyridine complex achieved high activity in the Mizoroki-Heck coupling of styrene and 4'-bromoacetophenone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fazekas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David T Jenkins
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Andrew A Forbes
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Brendan Gallagher
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Georgina M Rosair
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Ruaraidh D McIntosh
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hosseini R, Ranjbar‐Karimi R, Mohammadiannejad K. Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Olefins Using a Novel N,N‐Bidentate TRAM‐Based Ligand: Application in Synthesis of Functionalized Triarylmethanes[]**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar‐Karimi
- Department of Chemistry Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
| | - Kazem Mohammadiannejad
- NMR Laboratory Faculty of Science Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan 77176, Islamic Republic of Iran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In science and technology today, the crucial importance of the regulation of nanoscale objects and structures is well recognized. The production of functional material systems using nanoscale units can be achieved via the fusion of nanotechnology with the other research disciplines. This task is a part of the emerging concept of nanoarchitectonics, which is a concept moving beyond the area of nanotechnology. The concept of nanoarchitectonics is supposed to involve the architecting of functional materials using nanoscale units based on the principles of nanotechnology. In this focus article, the essences of nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics are first explained, together with their historical backgrounds. Then, several examples of material production based on the concept of nanoarchitectonics are introduced via several approaches: (i) from atomic switches to neuromorphic networks; (ii) from atomic nanostructure control to environmental and energy applications; (iii) from interfacial processes to devices; and (iv) from biomolecular assemblies to life science. Finally, perspectives relating to the final goals of the nanoarchitectonics approach are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. and Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ariga K, Shionoya M. Nanoarchitectonics for Coordination Asymmetry and Related Chemistry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gadipelly C, Deshmukh G, Mannepalli LK. Transition Metal Exchanged Hydroxyapatite/Fluorapatite Catalysts for C-C and C-N Bond Forming Reactions. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1398-1416. [PMID: 33566454 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal (Cu, Zn, Rh, Pd) exchanged hydroxyapatite (HAP)/fluorapatite (FAP) materials have been synthesized by ion-exchange method resulting in incorporation of the metal ions in the HAP/FAP structure. C-C and C-N bond forming reactions are important in synthetic organic chemistry as these organic transformations are very critical. Transition metal exchanged FAP provides an efficient catalytic system for N-arylation of haloarenes and Suzuki and Heck coupling of haloarenes. By designing such catalytic materials, our group has developed synthetic methods which allow higher product yields and easy separation with the use of a small amount of catalyst in a shorter reaction time. This account addresses the work carried out in last two decades in the area of C-C and C-N bond forming reactions using transition metal exchanged fluorapatite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanth Gadipelly
- The Wolfson Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Gunjan Deshmukh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
| | - Lakshmi Kantam Mannepalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thiosemicarbazone Complexes of Transition Metals as Catalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalysis of cross-coupling reactions under phosphane-free conditions represents an important ongoing challenge. Although transition metal complexes based on the thiosemicarbazone unit have been known for a very long time, their use in homogeneous catalysis has been studied only relatively recently. In particular, reports of cross-coupling catalytic reactions with such complexes have appeared only in the last 15 years. This review provides a survey of the research in this area and a discussion of the prospects for future developments.
Collapse
|
13
|
The synthesis of SBA-Pr-3AP@Pd and its application as a highly dynamic, eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|