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Ghaffari S, Kazemi F. Highly Efficient Synthesis of
N
‐Alkyl‐α‐amino Acid Methyl Esters by Microwave Irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ghaffari
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45195-1159 Iran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences Shiraz University Shiraz 71946-84795 Iran
| | - Foad Kazemi
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45195-1159 Iran
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2
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Pająk M. Methylated derivatives of l-tyrosine in reaction catalyzed by l-amino acid oxidase: isotope and inhibitory effects. J Biochem 2020; 168:509-514. [PMID: 32569353 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is widely distributed in nature and shows important biological activity. It induces cell apoptosis and has antibacterial properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methyl substituent on its activity as methylated derivatives of l-tyrosine, labelled with short-lived B+ emitters, have been used in oncological diagnostics. To study isotope effects in the oxidative deamination of O-methyl-l-tyrosine, the deuterated isotopomer, i.e. O-methyl-[2-2H]-l-tyrosine, was synthesized by isotope exchange, catalyzed enzymatically by tryptophanase. Isotope effects were determined using the spectrophotometric non-competitive method. The values of isotope effects indicate that the α-C-H bond cleavage occurs in the rate determining step of the investigated reaction and α-hydrogen plays a role in the substrate binding process at the enzyme active site. The inhibitory effect on LAAO activity was studied with α-methyl-l-tyrosine and N-methyl-l-tyrosine. The mode of inhibition was determined based on Lineweavear-Burk plots intersections. α-Methyl-l-tyrosine has been found a mixed type inhibitor of the investigated enzyme, whereas N-methyl-l-tyrosine is a non-competitive inhibitor of LAAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pająk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteur 1 Str, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Santra S, Perez JM. Selective N-alkylation of β-alanine facilitates the synthesis of a poly(amino acid)-based theranostic nanoagent. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3917-27. [PMID: 21961886 PMCID: PMC3215834 DOI: 10.1021/bm2009334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional amino acid-based polymeric materials is emerging as a platform to create biodegradable and nontoxic nanomaterials for medical and biotechnology applications. In particular, facile synthetic routes for these polymers and their corresponding polymeric nanomaterials would have a positive impact in the development of novel biomaterials and nanoparticles. However, progress has been hampered by the need to use complex protection-deprotection methods and toxic phase transfer catalysts. In this study, we report a facile, single-step approach for the synthesis of an N-alkylated amino acid as an AB-type functional monomer to generate a novel pseudo-poly(amino acid), without using the laborious multistep, protection-deprotection methods. This synthetic strategy is reproducible, easy to scale up, and does not produce toxic byproducts. In addition, the synthesized amino acid-based polymer is different from conventional linear polymers as the butyl pendants enhance its solubility in common organic solvents and facilitate the creation of hydrophobic nanocavities for the effective encapsulation of hydrophobic cargos upon nanoparticle formation. Within the nanoparticles, we have encapsulated a hydrophobic DiI dye and a therapeutic drug, Taxol. In addition, we have conjugated folic acid as a folate receptor-targeting ligand for the targeted delivery of the nanoparticles to cancer cells expressing the folate receptor. Cell cytotoxicity studies confirm the low toxicity of the polymeric nanoparticles, and drug-release experiments with the Taxol-encapsulated nanoparticles only exhibit cytotoxicity upon internalization into cancer cells expressing the folate receptor. Taken together, these results suggested that our synthetic strategy can be useful for the one-step synthesis of amino acid-based small molecules, biopolymers, and theranostic polymeric nanoagents for the targeted detection and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santimukul Santra
- NanoScience Technology Center, College of Medicine, Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826. USA
| | - J. Manuel Perez
- NanoScience Technology Center, College of Medicine, Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826. USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826. USA
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4
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Harris KS, Casey JL, Coley AM, Karas JA, Sabo JK, Tan YY, Dolezal O, Norton RS, Hughes AB, Scanlon D, Foley M. Rapid optimization of a peptide inhibitor of malaria parasite invasion by comprehensive N-methyl scanning. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:9361-71. [PMID: 19164290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808762200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been implicated in the invasion of host erythrocytes and is an important vaccine candidate. We have previously described a 20-residue peptide, R1, that binds to AMA1 and subsequently blocks parasite invasion. Because this peptide appears to target a site critical for AMA1 function, it represents an important lead compound for anti-malarial drug development. However, the effectiveness of this peptide inhibitor was limited to a subset of parasite isolates, indicating a requirement for broader strain specificity. Furthermore, a barrier to the utility of any peptide as a potential therapeutic is its susceptibility to rapid proteolytic degradation. In this study, we sought to improve the proteolytic stability and AMA1 binding properties of the R1 peptide by systematic methylation of backbone amides (N-methylation). The inclusion of a single N-methyl group in the R1 peptide backbone dramatically increased AMA1 affinity, bioactivity, and proteolytic stability without introducing global structural alterations. In addition, N-methylation of multiple R1 residues further improved these properties. Therefore, we have shown that modifications to a biologically active peptide can dramatically enhance activity. This approach could be applied to many lead peptides or peptide therapeutics to simultaneously optimize a number of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Džolić Z, Margeta R, Vinković M, Štefanić Z, Kojić-Prodić B, Mlinarić-Majerski K, Žinić M. N-Methylation of adamantane-substituted oxalamide unit affects its conformational rigidity: A skew conformation of the oxalamide bridge. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Boros M, Kökösi J, Vámos J, Kövesdi I, Noszál B. Methods for syntheses of N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid derivatives. Amino Acids 2007; 33:709-17. [PMID: 17334906 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel practical method for the synthesis of N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid 1 (NMA) and new syntheses for N-methyl-aspartic acid derivatives are described. NMA 1, the natural amino acid was synthesized by Michael addition of methylamine to dimethyl fumarate 5. Fumaric or maleic acid mono-ester and -amide were regioselectively transformed into beta-substituted aspartic acid derivatives. In the cases of maleamic 11a or fumaramic esters 11b, the alpha-amide derivative 13 was formed, but hydrolysis of the product provided N-methyl-DL-asparagine 9 via base catalyzed ring closure to DL-alpha-methylamino-succinimide 4, followed by selective ring opening. Efficient methods were developed for the preparation of NMA-alpha-amide 13 from unprotected NMA via sulphinamide anhydride 15 and aspartic anhydride 3 intermediate products. NMA diamide 16 was prepared from NMA dimethyl ester 6 and methylamino-succinimide 4 by ammonolysis. Temperature-dependent side reactions of methylamino-succinimide 4 led to diazocinone 18, resulted from self-condensation of methylamino-succinimide via nucleophyl ring opening and the subsequent ring-transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boros
- Department for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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7
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Radiolabelled amino acids: Synthesis of NG-mesitylenesulfonyl-N2-[3H]methyl-arginine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580330910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurelio
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
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9
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Bourry A, Akué-Gédu R, Rigo B, Hénichart JP, Sanz G, Couturier D. Studies on pyrrolidones. An improved synthesis ofN-arylmethyl pyroglutamic acids. J Heterocycl Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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10
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Di Gioia ML, Leggio A, Le Pera A, Liguori A, Napoli A, Siciliano C, Sindona G. "One-pot" methylation of N-Nosyl-alpha-amino acid methyl esters with diazomethane and their coupling to prepare N-methyl dipeptides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7416-21. [PMID: 12968894 DOI: 10.1021/jo034233v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Nosyl-alpha-amino acid methyl esters are methylated quantitatively with diazomethane. After proper deprotection of the amino function by treatment with the reagent system mercaptoacetic acid/sodium methoxide, the obtained N-methyl amino acid methyl esters are coupled with N-Fmoc amino acid chlorides to afford the corresponding dipeptides. The obtained products do not show any detectable extent of racemization by (1)H NMR and HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Calabria, Via Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 15/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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11
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Song Y, Sercel AD, Johnson DR, Colbry NL, Sun KL, Roth BD. A simple method for preparation of N-mono- and N,N-di-alkylated α-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Burger K, Schedel H, Spengler J. A new protection/activation strategy for the synthesis of naturally occurring and non-natural alpha-N-alkylamino acids. Amino Acids 1999; 16:287-95. [PMID: 10399017 DOI: 10.1007/bf01388173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the preparation of N-methylamino acids and some of their derivatives starting from hexafluoroacetone protected amino acids is described. The new concept results in saving of steps compared to conventional protection/activation techniques. Protection and deprotection proceed without recemization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Burger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Federal Republic of Germany.
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14
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15
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General method for the synthesis of N-methyl amino acids and N-alkyl amino esters from O'Donnell's Schiff bases. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Chipens GI, Slavinskaya VA, Sile D�, Korchagova �K, Katkevich MY, Grigor'eva VD. Synthesis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-N-methylaminoacids from oxazolidine-5-one derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00475261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Groeger U, Drauz K, Klenk H. Enzymatische Gewinnung enantiomerenreinerN-Alkyl-aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19921040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Ubukata M, Uramoto M, Isono K. The structure of neopeptins, inhibitors of fungal cell wall biosynthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Nishii M, Kihara T, Isono K, Higashijima T, Miyazawa T, Sethi SK, McCloskey JA. The structure of lipopeptin a. Tetrahedron Lett 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(80)80091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Kotake H, Saito T, Okubo K. An Improved Synthesis ofN,β-Dimethylleucine and the Resolution Thereof. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1969. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.42.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Borders DB, Hausmann WK, Wetzel ER, Patterson EL. Partial structure of antibiotic LL-AC541. Tetrahedron Lett 1967; 42:4187-92. [PMID: 6062173 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)89719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Ebata M, Takahashi Y, Otsuka H. Analysis of N-methylamino acids by automatic amino acid analyzer and gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1966; 25:1-10. [PMID: 5971557 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)98210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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