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Zhang J, Yan X, Jin Q, Chen J, Yang L, Wei W, Qu H, Yao C, Hou J, Gong L, Wu W, Guo DA. Novel triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with influence on LDL uptake in HepG2 cells by inhibiting PCSK9. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154342. [PMID: 35914360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been regarded as an effective and exciting target in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease since 2003. Only two monoclonal antibodies have been approved in the market which, however, were also criticized for their high cost to $9000 per dose and delivery route. Exploration of natural new effective and cheaper small molecule alternatives with effective PCSK9 inhibition is feasible and desired. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore natural small molecules with anti-hyperlipidemia activity through PCSK9 from Alisma plantago-aquatica. METHOD A targeted isolation of triterpenoids from A. plantago-aquatica by LC-Orbitrap-QDa was conducted. The isolates were evaluated for their DiI-LDL uptake promoting activity with fluorescence intensity assayed in High-content Imaging System and PCSK9 inhibitory activity by Human PCSK9 Kit or western blot. The LDL uptake and PCSK9 level of target component in different concentrations and their mRNA level were further verified by corresponding kit, qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Six novel triterpenoids, including three unusual nor-triterpenoids (1-3) and three protostane-type triterpenoids (4-6), along with thirty-four known ones, were isolated from A. plantago-aquatica. Compound 2 had the lowest number of carbon atoms than previous reported nor-PTs in this plant. The 17 triterpenoids showed relatively remarkable activities in promoting LDL uptake with relevant structure-activity relationships. And 6 triterpenoids may improve LDL uptake in HepG2 cells by inhibiting PCSK9, especially for alisol G (28) with PCSK9 inhibition reaching to 55.6%, which demonstrated to increase LDLR mRNA or protein, and simultaneously reduce PCSK9 mRNA or protein significantly. CONCLUSION The protostane triterpenoids may serve as a new source for PCSK9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinghao Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medication Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Likun Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Sulejmani F, Pataky J, Sun W. Mechanical and Structural Evaluation of Tricuspid Bicuspidization in a Porcine Model. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:522-531. [PMID: 32737819 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) affects approximately 1.6 million Americans and is associated with just a 63.9% 1-year survival rate in its moderate to severe forms due to its asymptomatic nature and late diagnosis and surgical referral. As a result, industrial fervor has begun to broach this topic, with several percutaneous treatment devices currently under development. As much remains unknown about the tricuspid apparatus, the mechanics of these procedures remain unquantified. In this study, a testing apparatus and technique for the evaluation of percutaneous tricuspid valve (TV) bicuspidization were developed for the evaluation of these parameters in twelve porcine hearts. METHODS The passive relaxed myocardial state and the active contracted state were each induced in six porcine hearts and the bicuspidization experiment was run twice, the second time after induction of TR. TV annular area, cinching force, static leakage through the TV annulus, and annular ellipticity were quantified and compared among the groups. RESULTS The use of phenol was effective to induce functional TR by increased annular area. Cinching force was not found to differ between any of the testing states, but the bicuspidization experiment was able to reduce the TR annular area to that of its healthy counterpart in addition to reducing static leakage through the TV annulus. Despite appropriately reducing the area, bicuspidization was found to induce a more circular TV annular shape. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results provide a first mechanical analysis of the TV bicuspidization mechanism and may serve as a point of reference for future clinical animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiesa Sulejmani
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 206 Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA
| | - Joshua Pataky
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 206 Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, The Wallace H. Coulter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 206 Technology Enterprise Park, 387 Technology Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30313-2412, USA.
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Luan ZL, Huo XK, Dong PP, Tian XG, Sun CP, Lv X, Feng L, Ning J, Wang C, Zhang BJ, Ma XC. Highly potent non-steroidal FXR agonists protostane-type triterpenoids: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jin Q, Zhang J, Hou J, Lei M, Liu C, Wang X, Huang Y, Yao S, Hwang BY, Wu W, Guo D. Novel C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica with anti-inflammatory activity in Caco-2 cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:809-818. [PMID: 31384540 PMCID: PMC6664094 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one protostane-type triterpenoids with diverse structures, including nine new compounds (1-9), were isolated from the of Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. Structurally, alisolides A‒F (1-6), composed of an oxole group coupled to a five-membered ring, represent unusual C-17 spirost protostane-type triterpenoids. Alisolide H (8) is a novel triterpenoid with an unreported endoperoxide bridge. Alisolide I (9) represents the first example of 23,24-acetal triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis, wherein the absolute configurations of 4‒6, 8 were further confirmed by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in Caco-2 cells, and all the compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the range of 0.76-38.20 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuai Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 2816, South Korea
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kandimalla SR, Sabitha G. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Oxacyclic Spirooxindole Derivatives through Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis and Intramolecular Pauson-Khand (2+2+1) Cyclization of Oxindole Enynes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satheeshkumar Reddy Kandimalla
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110 025 India
| | - Gowravaram Sabitha
- Natural Products Chemistry Division; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi 110 025 India
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Shu Z, Pu J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Rahman K, Qin L, Zheng C. Alisma orientale: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of an Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:227-51. [PMID: 27080939 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. (Alismataceae) is a traditional and famous Chinese medicinal herb. Its rhizomes, which possess versatile bioactivities, are commonly used to treat oliguria, edema, gonorrhea with turbid urine, leukorrhea, diarrhea and dizziness. Approximately 120 compounds have been isolated from A. orientale. Terpenoids have been identified as A. orientale's characteristic constituents, which include protostane triterpenoids and guaiane sesquiterpenoids. The traditional medical uses of A. orientale in TCM have been evaluated in modern pharmacological studies, which have shown that A. orientale and its active constituents exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as diuretic, anti-urolithiatic, antinephritic, anti-atherosclerotic, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities. The medicinal potential of A. orientale makes it an ideal candidate for new drug development. Further studies are still required to identify its bioactive constituents, and elucidate the structure-activity relationship and detailed mechanisms of action. Additionally, the use of the other medicinal parts of A. orientale may reduce resource waste and afford novel secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Shu
- * Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,† School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Pu
- ‡ Administrative Office, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- * Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- † School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P.R. China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- § Faculty of Science, School of Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool, John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Luping Qin
- * Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- * Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Mai ZP, Zhou K, Ge GB, Wang C, Huo XK, Dong PP, Deng S, Zhang BJ, Zhang HL, Huang SS, Ma XC. Protostane Triterpenoids from the Rhizome of Alisma orientale Exhibit Inhibitory Effects on Human Carboxylesterase 2. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2372-80. [PMID: 26425784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new and 10 known protostane triterpenoids were isolated from the rhizome of Alisma orientale. Their structures were elucidated based on physical data analyses, including UV, HRESIMS, NMR experiments ((1)H, (13)C NMR, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), and induced electronic circular dichroism. New compounds 1-12 were classified as protostanes (1-10), 29-norprotostane (11), and 24-norprotostane (12) by structure analyses. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on human carboxylesterases (hCE-1, hCE-2) of compounds 1-22 were evaluated. Compounds 2, 6, 9, and 11 showed moderate inhibitory activities and were selective toward hCE-2 enzymes, with IC50 values of 8.68, 4.72, 4.58, and 2.02 μM, respectively. The inhibition kinetics of compound 11 toward hCE-2 were established, and the Ki value was determined as 1.76 μM using a mixed inhibition model. The interaction of bioactive compound 11 with hCE-2 was shown using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian 110847, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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8
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A UFLC/MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of alisol A and alisol B 23-acetate from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. in rat plasma. Asian J Pharm Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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9
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Raji Reddy C, Kumaraswamy P, Singarapu KK. Sequential Allylic Substitution/Pauson–Khand Reaction: A Strategy to Bicyclic Fused Cyclopentenones from MBH-Acetates of Acetylenic Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7880-8. [PMID: 25105763 DOI: 10.1021/jo500962d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, ‡Centre for NMR & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Paridala Kumaraswamy
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, ‡Centre for NMR & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kiran K. Singarapu
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, ‡Centre for NMR & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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10
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Protostane and fusidane triterpenes: a mini-review. Molecules 2013; 18:4054-80. [PMID: 23563857 PMCID: PMC3901436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protostane triterpenes belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpene that exhibit unique structural characteristics. Their natural distribution is primarily limited to the genus Alisma of the Alismataceae family, but they have also been occasionally found in other plant genera such as Lobelia, Garcinia, and Leucas. To date, there are 59 known protostane structures. Many of them have been reported to possess biological properties such as improving lipotropism, hepatoprotection, anti-viral activity against hepatitis B and HIV-I virus, anti-cancer activity, as well as reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. On the other hand, fusidanes are fungal products characterized by 29-nor protostane structures. They possess antibiotic properties against staphylococci, including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fusidic acid is a representative member which has found clinical applications. This review covers plant sources of the protostanes, their structure elucidation, characteristic structural and spectral properties, as well as biological activities. The fungal sources, structural features, biological activities of fusidanes are also covered in this review. Additionally, the biogenesis of these two types of triterpenes is discussed and a refined pathway is proposed.
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11
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Yu Y, Li Q, Bi K, Xie P, Yang G, Chen X. A sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of alisol A and alisol A 24-acetate from Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. in rat plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1363-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Zhang Q, Jiang ZY, Luo J, Cheng P, Ma YB, Zhang XM, Zhang FX, Zhou J, Chen JJ. Anti-HBV agents. Part 1: Synthesis of alisol A derivatives: A new class of hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4647-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Makabel B, Zhao Y, Wang B, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Wu L, Lv Y. Stability and Structure Studies on Alisol A 24-Acetate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:41-5. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bolat Makabel
- Department of Natural Medicines and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicines and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Natural Medicines and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Yanjing Bai
- Department of Natural Medicines and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Qingying Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicines and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yang Lv
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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