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Kawabata T. Novel Strategies for Enantio- and Site-Selective Molecular Transformations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:466-484. [PMID: 37394594 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for symmetric synthesis based on dynamic chirality of enolates (memory of chirality) has been developed. Asymmetric alkylation, conjugate addition, aldol reaction, and arylation via C-N axially chiral enolate intermediates are described. Asymmetric alkylation and conjugate addition via C-O axially chiral enolate intermediates with a half-life of racemization as short as approx. 1 s. at -78 °C have been accomplished. Organocatalysts for asymmetric acylation and site-selective acylation have been developed. Kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols via remote asymmetric induction by the catalyst is shown. Catalyst-controlled site-selective acylation of carbohydrates and its application to total synthesis of natural glycoside are described. Chemo-selective monoacylation of diols and selective acylation of secondary alcohols with reversal of inherent reactivity are also discussed. Geometry-selective acylation of tetrasubstituted alkene diols is achieved, where acylation takes place independent from the steric environments of the substrates.
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2
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Ueda Y, Kawabata T. Catalyst-Controlled Site-Selective Acylation and its Application to Unconventional Total Synthesis of Natural Glycosides. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Ashush N, Fallek R, Fallek A, Dobrovetsky R, Portnoy M. Base- and Catalyst-Induced Orthogonal Site Selectivities in Acylation of Amphiphilic Diols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3749-3754. [PMID: 32330055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seeking to selectively functionalize natural and synthetic amphiphiles, we explored acylation of model amphiphilic diols. The use of a nucleophilic catalyst enabled a remarkable shift of the site selectivity from the polar site, preferred in background noncatalyzed or base-promoted reactions, to the apolar site. This tendency was significantly enhanced for organocatalysts comprising an imidazole active site surrounded by long/branched tails. An explanation of these orthogonal modes of selectivity is supported by competitive experiments with monoalcohol substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Ashush
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Reut Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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4
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Ren B, Zhang L, Zhang M. Progress on Selective Acylation of Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringXinyang Normal University Nanhu Road 237 Xinyang, Henan 464000 P. R. China
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5
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Yanagi M, Ueda Y, Ninomiya R, Imayoshi A, Furuta T, Mishiro K, Kawabata T. Synthesis of 4-Deoxy Pyranosides via Catalyst-Controlled Site-Selective Toluoylation of Abundant Sugars. Org Lett 2019; 21:5006-5009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yanagi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryo Ninomiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayumi Imayoshi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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6
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Recent topics in enantioselective acyl transfer reactions with dialkylaminopyridine-based nucleophilic catalysts. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The application of small molecules as catalysts for the diversification of natural product scaffolds is reviewed. Specifically, principles that relate to the selectivity challenges intrinsic to complex molecular scaffolds are summarized. The synthesis of analogues of natural products by this approach is then described as a quintessential "late-stage functionalization" exercise wherein natural products serve as the lead scaffolds. Given the historical application of enzymatic catalysts to the site-selective alteration of complex molecules, the focus of this Review is on the recent studies of nonenzymatic catalysts. Reactions involving hydroxyl group derivatization with a variety of electrophilic reagents are discussed. C-H bond functionalizations that lead to oxidations, aminations, and halogenations are also presented. Several examples of site-selective olefin functionalizations and C-C bond formations are also included. Numerous classes of natural products have been subjected to these studies of site-selective alteration including polyketides, glycopeptides, terpenoids, macrolides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and others. What emerges is a platform for chemical remodeling of naturally occurring scaffolds that targets virtually all known chemical functionalities and microenvironments. However, challenges for the design of very broad classes of catalysts, with even broader selectivity demands (e.g., stereoselectivity, functional group selectivity, and site-selectivity) persist. Yet, a significant spectrum of powerful, catalytic alterations of complex natural products now exists such that expansion of scope seems inevitable. Several instances of biological activity assays of remodeled natural product derivatives are also presented. These reports may foreshadow further interdisciplinary impacts for catalytic remodeling of natural products, including contributions to SAR development, mode of action studies, and eventually medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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8
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Rocheleau S, Pottel J, Huskić I, Moitessier N. Highly Regioselective Monoacylation of Unprotected Glucopyranoside Using Transient Directing-Protecting Groups. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rocheleau
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801, Sherbrooke St·W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Joshua Pottel
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801, Sherbrooke St·W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801, Sherbrooke St·W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801, Sherbrooke St·W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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9
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Ueda Y. Final-stage Site-selective Acylation for the Total Synthesis of Natural Glycosides. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:1631-1639. [PMID: 27904097 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of multifidosides A-C are reported. The prominent feature is an unconventional retrosynthesis based on organocatalytic site-selective acylation of unprotected glycosides at the final stage of synthesis. A notable advantage of this strategy is that it avoids the risks of undesired side reactions during the removal of the protecting groups at the final stage of total synthesis. The proposed synthetic strategy has another advantage in terms of efficient late-stage derivatization of natural products. Due to the predictability and reliability of the catalytic site-selective introduction of various functionalized acyl groups, the present synthetic strategy could provide a general synthetic route to 4-O-acylglycosides, such as phenylethanoid glycosides and ellagitannins, which are of biological interest.
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10
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11
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Saikam V, Dara S, Yadav M, Singh PP, Vishwakarma RA. Dimethyltin Dichloride Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of cis-1,2-Diols at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11916-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varma Saikam
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Saidulu Dara
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mahipal Yadav
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180
001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu 180001, India
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12
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Xu LW, Chen Y, Lu Y. Catalytic Silylations of Alcohols: Turning Simple Protecting-Group Strategies into Powerful Enantioselective Synthetic Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Xu LW, Chen Y, Lu Y. Katalytische Silylierung von Alkoholen: von einfachen Schutzgruppenstrategien zu leistungsfähigen enantioselektiven Synthesemethoden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Evtushenko EV. Regioselective Benzoylation of 4,6-O-Benzylidene Acetals of Glycopyranosides in the Presence of Transition Metals. J Carbohydr Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.996291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Organocatalytic Site-Selective Acylation of Carbohydrates and Polyol Compounds. SITE-SELECTIVE CATALYSIS 2015; 372:203-32. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2015_662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Lee S, Blaisdell TP, Kasaplar P, Sun X, Tan KL. Synthesis of 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-TBS Mononucleosides Using an Organic Catalyst. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY 2014; 57:2.17.1-11. [PMID: 24961720 PMCID: PMC4102882 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0217s57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes a highly effective method to produce 5'-O-DMT-2'-O-TBS mononucleosides selectively using a small organic catalyst. This methodology avoids the tedious protection/deprotection strategy necessary to differentiate the 2'- and 3'-hydroxyl groups in a ribonucleoside. The catalyst was synthesized in two steps, starting from the condensation of valinol and cyclopentyl aldehyde, followed by anionic addition of N-methylimidazole. Ring closure of the amino alcohol with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal in methanol furnishes the catalyst. All four 2'-O-TBS protected mono-nucleosides, U, A(Bz), G(Ib), and C(Ac), were produced in a single step using 10 to 20 mol% of the catalyst at room temperature with excellent yields and selectivity. Further transformation to phosphoramidite demonstrates the utility of this protocol in the preparation of monomers useful for automated synthesis of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunggi Lee
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Thomas P. Blaisdell
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Pinar Kasaplar
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Av. Paisos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xixi Sun
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
| | - Kian L. Tan
- Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
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17
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Kaji E, Yamamoto D, Shirai Y, Ishige K, Arai Y, Shirahata T, Makino K, Nishino T. Thermodynamically Controlled Regioselective Glycosylation of Fully Unprotected Sugars through Bis(boronate) Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Akagawa K, Nishi N, Sen J, Kudo K. Peptide-catalyzed consecutive 1,6- and 1,4-additions of thiols to α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3581-5. [PMID: 24769865 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Regio- and enantioselective addition of thiols to α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes was performed with a resin-supported peptide catalyst. It was shown that a 1,4-adduct was generated mainly at the initial stage of the reaction, and this was eventually converted to a thermodynamically stable 1,6- and 1,4-diadduct through retro-addition/addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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19
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Akagawa K, Suzuki R, Kudo K. Development of a Peptide-Based Primary Aminocatalyst with a Helical Structure. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Akiyama M, Akagawa K, Seino H, Kudo K. Peptide-catalyzed kinetic resolution of planar-chiral metallocenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7893-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral metallocenes was performed by a resin-supported peptide catalyst, in which low-molecular-weight organocatalysts were not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Akiyama
- Institute of Industrial Science
- University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kengo Akagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science
- University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hidetake Seino
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies
- Akita University
- Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kudo
- Institute of Industrial Science
- University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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21
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Akagawa K, Sen J, Kudo K. Peptide-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Reduction of α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Akagawa K, Sen J, Kudo K. Peptide-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Reduction of α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11585-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Blaisdell TP, Lee S, Kasaplar P, Sun X, Tan KL. Practical silyl protection of ribonucleosides. Org Lett 2013; 15:4710-3. [PMID: 24000770 DOI: 10.1021/ol402023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the site-selective silylation of the ribonucelosides. The method enables a simple and efficient procedure for accessing suitably protected monomers for automated RNA synthesis. Switching to the opposite enantiomer of the catalyst allows for the selective silylation of the 3'-hydroxyl, which could be used in the synthesis of unnatural RNA or for the analoging of ribonucelosides. Lastly, the procedure was extended to ribavirin a potent antiviral therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Blaisdell
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia , Av. Paisos Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860, United States
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24
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Sun X, Lee H, Lee S, Tan KL. Catalyst recognition of cis-1,2-diols enables site-selective functionalization of complex molecules. Nat Chem 2013; 5:790-5. [PMID: 23965682 PMCID: PMC4108998 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and natural products serve essential roles in nature, and also provide core scaffolds for pharmaceutical agents and vaccines. However, the inherent complexity of these molecules imposes significant synthetic hurdles for their selective functionalization and derivatization. Nature has, in part, addressed these issues by employing enzymes that are able to orient and activate substrates within a chiral pocket, which increases dramatically both the rate and selectivity of organic transformations. In this article we show that similar proximity effects can be utilized in the context of synthetic catalysts to achieve general and predictable site-selective functionalization of complex molecules. Unlike enzymes, our catalysts apply a single reversible covalent bond to recognize and bind to specific functional group displays within substrates. By combining this unique binding selectivity and asymmetric catalysis, we are able to modify the less reactive axial positions within monosaccharides and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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26
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Nishino R, Furuta T, Kan K, Sato M, Yamanaka M, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Kawabata T. Investigation of the Carboxylate Position during the Acylation Reaction Catalyzed by Biaryl DMAP Derivatives with an Internal Carboxylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Nishino R, Furuta T, Kan K, Sato M, Yamanaka M, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Kawabata T. Investigation of the Carboxylate Position during the Acylation Reaction Catalyzed by Biaryl DMAP Derivatives with an Internal Carboxylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6445-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Wilcock BC, Uno BE, Bromann GL, Clark MJ, Anderson TM, Burke MD. Electronic tuning of site-selectivity. Nat Chem 2012; 4:996-1003. [PMID: 23174979 PMCID: PMC3545056 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective functionalizations of complex small molecules can generate targeted derivatives with exceptional step efficiency, but general strategies for maximizing selectivity in this context are rare. Here, we report that site-selectivity can be tuned by simply modifying the electronic nature of the reagents. A Hammett analysis is consistent with linking this phenomenon to the Hammond postulate: electronic tuning to a more product-like transition state amplifies site-discriminating interactions between a reagent and its substrate. This strategy transformed a minimally site-selective acylation reaction into a highly selective and thus preparatively useful one. Electronic tuning of both an acylpyridinium donor and its carboxylate counterion further promoted site-divergent functionalizations. With these advances, we achieve a range of modifications to just one of the many hydroxyl groups appended to the ion channel-forming natural product amphotericin B. Thus, electronic tuning of reagents represents an effective strategy for discovering and optimizing site-selective functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C Wilcock
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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29
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Evtushenko EV. Regioselective benzoylation of glycopyranosides by benzoic anhydride in the presence of Cu(CF3COO)2. Carbohydr Res 2012; 359:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Ueda Y, Mishiro K, Yoshida K, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Regioselective diversification of a cardiac glycoside, lanatoside C, by organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7850-7. [PMID: 22870937 DOI: 10.1021/jo301007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acylation of lanatoside C in the presence of organocatalyst 5 gave the C(4'''')-O-acylate in up to 90% regioselectivity (catalyst-controlled regioselectivity). Various functionalized acyl groups can be introduced at the C(4'''')-OH by a mixed anhydride method in the presence of 5 or the related organocatalyst. On the other hand, DMAP-catalyzed acylation of lanatoside C gave the C(3'''')-O-acylate in up to 97% regioselectivity (substrate-controlled regioselectivity). Thus, diverse regioselective introduction of acyl groups among eight free hydroxy groups of lanatoside C was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is now an established methodology for the preparation of chiral compounds. However, these are not the only valuable molecules which can be conveniently obtained. Organocatalytic reactions affording achiral compounds are gaining momentum, opening unexplored pathways in the synthesis of densely functionalized aromatic moieties, olefins and useful molecules such as natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyssena Renzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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32
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Worthy AD, Sun X, Tan KL. Site-selective catalysis: toward a regiodivergent resolution of 1,2-diols. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7321-4. [PMID: 22515351 DOI: 10.1021/ja3027086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the secondary hydroxyl can be functionalized in preference to the primary hydroxyl of a 1,2-diol. The site selectivity is achieved by using an enantioselective organic catalyst that is able to bond to the diol reversibly and covalently. The reaction has been parlayed into a divergent kinetic resolution on a racemic mixture, providing access to highly enantioenriched secondary-protected 1,2-diols in a single synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Worthy
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Kaji E, Nishino T, Ohya Y, Murai R, Shirahata T, Yamamoto D, Makino K. Regioselective Glycosylation of Unprotected Methyl Hexopyranoside by Transient Masking with Arylboronic Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sun X, Worthy AD, Tan KL. Scaffolding catalysts: highly enantioselective desymmetrization reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8167-71. [PMID: 21739552 PMCID: PMC3366164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ex-changing places: a highly enantioselective desymmetrization of 1,2-diols has been developed in which the catalyst utilizes reversible covalent bonding to the substrate to achieve both high selectivity and rate acceleration (see scheme, PMP=pentalmethylpiperidine, TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl). Induced intramolecularity is responsible for the enhanced rate, thus allowing the reaction to be performed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, Fax: (+)-617-552-6351
| | - Amanda D. Worthy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, Fax: (+)-617-552-6351
| | - Kian L. Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, Fax: (+)-617-552-6351
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Sun X, Worthy AD, Tan KL. Scaffolding Catalysts: Highly Enantioselective Desymmetrization Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yoshida K, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Organocatalytic Chemoselective Monoacylation of 1,n-Linear Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yoshida K, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Organocatalytic Chemoselective Monoacylation of 1,n-Linear Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4888-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Evtushenko EV. Regioselective Benzoylation of Glycopyranosides by Benzoyl Chloride in the Presence of MoO2(acac)2. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2010.549258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Evtushenko
- a Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok, Russia
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Yoshida K, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Perfectly regioselective acylation of a cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, via catalytic amplification of the intrinsic reactivity. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kaji E, Nishino T, Ishige K, Ohya Y, Shirai Y. Regioselective glycosylation of fully unprotected methyl hexopyranosides by means of transient masking of hydroxy groups with arylboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Muramatsu W, Mishiro K, Ueda Y, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Perfectly Regioselective and Sequential Protection of Glucopyranosides. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hrdina R, Müller CE, Schreiner PR. Kinetic resolution of trans-cycloalkane-1,2-diols via Steglich esterification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2689-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c001075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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