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Singaravelu P, Lee WL, Wee S, Ghoshdastider U, Ding K, Gunaratne J, Grimes JM, Swaminathan K, Robinson RC. Yersinia effector protein (YopO)-mediated phosphorylation of host gelsolin causes calcium-independent activation leading to disruption of actin dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8092-8100. [PMID: 28280241 PMCID: PMC5427284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Yersinia bacteria cause a range of human diseases. To modulate and evade host immune systems, these yersiniae inject effector proteins into host macrophages. One such protein, the serine/threonine kinase YopO (YpkA in Yersinia pestis), uses monomeric actin as bait to recruit and phosphorylate host actin polymerization-regulating proteins, including the actin-severing protein gelsolin, to disrupt actin filaments and thus impair phagocytosis. However, the YopO phosphorylation sites on gelsolin and the consequences of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on actin remodeling have yet to be established. Here we determined the effects of YopO-mediated phosphorylation on gelsolin and identified its phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry. YopO phosphorylated gelsolin in the linker region between gelsolin homology domains G3 and G4, which, in the absence of calcium, are compacted but adopt an open conformation in the presence of calcium, enabling actin binding and severing. Using phosphomimetic and phosphodeletion gelsolin mutants, we found that YopO-mediated phosphorylation partially mimics calcium-dependent activation of gelsolin, potentially contributing to a reduction in filamentous actin and altered actin dynamics in phagocytic cells. In summary, this work represents the first report of the functional outcome of serine/threonine phosphorylation in gelsolin regulation and provides critical insight into how YopO disrupts normal gelsolin function to alter host actin dynamics and thus cripple phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Singaravelu
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673,
| | - Sheena Wee
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Ke Ding
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Robert C Robinson
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138673
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Jaros JA, Martins-de-Souza D, Rahmoune H, Rothermundt M, Leweke FM, Guest PC, Bahn S. Protein phosphorylation patterns in serum from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. J Proteomics 2012; 76 Spec No.:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Takiguchi K, Matsumura F. Role of the basic C-terminal half of caldesmon in its regulation of F-actin: comparison between caldesmon and calponin. J Biochem 2005; 138:805-13. [PMID: 16428310 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvi181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that caldesmon (CaD), together with tropomyosin (TM), effectively protects actin filaments from gelsolin, an actin-severing protein. To elucidate the structure/function relationship of CaD, we dissected the functional domain of CaD required for the protection. The basic C-terminal half of rat nonmuscle CaD (D3) inhibits gelsolin activity to the same degree as intact CaD, although a smaller C-terminal region of D3 does not. This smaller C-terminal region contains the minimum regulatory domain responsible for the inhibition of actomyosin ATPase, and for the binding to actin, calmodulin and TM. These results suggest that the domain responsible for the inhibition of gelsolin activity lies outside the minimum regulatory domain, and that the positive charge possessed by the C-terminal half of CaD is important for its interaction with actin. Moreover, while the D3 fragment promotes the aggregation of F-actin into bundles as reported previously, this bundle formation is inhibited by the acidic N-terminal half of CaD, as well as by poly-l-glutamate. It seems likely that the acidic N-terminal half of CaD neutralizes the superfluous basic feature of the C-terminal half. A comparison between D3 and calponin, another actin-binding protein that is also basic and has similar actin-regulatory activities, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Nelson Labs/Busch Campus, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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