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Lu N, Zhang L, Tian Y, Yang J, Zheng S, Wang L, Guo W. Biosynthetic pathways and related genes regulation of bioactive ingredients in mulberry leaves. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2287881. [PMID: 38014901 PMCID: PMC10761104 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2287881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves are served not only as fodder for silkworms but also as potential functional food, exhibiting nutritional and medical benefits due to the complex and diverse constituents, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans, which possess a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-diabete, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. Nevertheless, compared with the well-studied phytochemistry and pharmacology of mulberry leaves, the current understanding of the biosynthesis mechanisms and regulatory mechanisms of active ingredients in mulberry leaves remain unclear. Natural resources of these active ingredients are limited owing to their low contents in mulberry leaves tissues and the long growth cycle of mulberry. Biosynthesis is emerging as an alternative means for accumulation of the desired high-value compounds, which can broaden channels for their large-scale green productions. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent research advance on the correlative key genes, enzyme biocatalytic reactions and biosynthetic pathways of valuable natural ingredients (i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and benzofurans) in mulberry leaves, thereby offering important insights for their further biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Shicun Zheng
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
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Guo L, Dong Z, Zhang X, Yang Y, Hu X, Ji Y, Li C, Wan S, Xu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu L, Shi Y, Wu Z, Liu Y, Cui H. Morusinol extracted from Morus alba induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via inhibition of DNA damage response in melanoma by CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154765. [PMID: 37004403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-thrombosis and so on. Morusinol, as a novel isoprene flavonoid extracted from Morus alba root barks, has the effects of anti-arterial thrombosis and anti-inflammatory in previous studies. However, the anti-cancer mechanism of morusinol remains unclear. PURPOSE In present study, we mainly studied the anti-tumor effect of morusinol and its mode of action in melanoma. METHODS The anti-cancer effect of morusinol on melanoma were evaluated by using the MTT, EdU, plate clone formation and soft agar assay. Flow cytometry was used for detecting cell cycle and apoptosis. The ɣ-H2AX immunofluorescence and the alkaline comet assay were used to detect DNA damage and the Western blotting analysis was used to investigate the expressions of DNA-damage related proteins. Ubiquitination and turnover of CHK1 were also detected by using the immunoprecipitation assay. The cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) mouse models were used in vivo to evaluate the effect of morusinol on tumorigenicity. RESULTS We demonstrated that morusinol not only had the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, but also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, caspase-dependent apoptosis and DNA damage in human melanoma cells. In addition, morusinol effectively inhibited the growth of melanoma xenografts in vivo. More strikingly, CHK1, which played an important role in maintaining the integrity of cell cycle, genomic stability and cell viability, was down-regulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner after morusinol treatment. Further research showed that CHK1 was degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Whereafter, morusinol-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage were partially salvaged by overexpressing CHK1 in melanoma cell lines. Herein, further experiments demonstrated that morusinol increased the sensitivity of dacarbazine (DTIC) to chemotherapy for melanoma in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Morusinol induces CHK1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage response in melanoma. Our study firstly provided a theoretical basis for morusinol to be a candidate drug for clinical treatment of cancer, such as melanoma, alone or combinated with dacarbazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China; State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yuanmiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yaqiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Zonghui Wu
- Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050000, No.139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Hospital of Southwest University, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Wani MY, Ganie NA, Wani DM, Wani AW, Dar SQ, Khan AH, A Khan N, Manzar MS, Dehghani MH. The phenolic components extracted from mulberry fruits as bioactive compounds against cancer: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1136-1152. [PMID: 36592613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In Asia, mulberry has long been used to treat various infectious and internal ailments as a traditional medication. The compounds found in it have the potential to improve human health. Because there is no approved and defined evaluation procedure, it has not been formally or scientifically recognized. As a result of these investigations, a new frontier in traditional Chinese medicine has opened up, with the possibility of modernization, for the interaction between active components of mulberry and their biological activities. These studies have used current biotechnological technologies. For ages, mulberry has been used as an herbal remedy in Asia to cure various diseases and internal disorders. It has a high concentration of bioactive chemicals that benefit human health. The most abundant phenolic components extracted from white mulberry leaves are flavonoids (Kuwanons, Moracinflavans, Moragrols, and Morkotins), phenolic acids, alkaloids, and so forth. Flavonoids, benzofurans, chalcones, and alkaloids have been discovered to have cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines. There is growing evidence that mulberry fruits can potentially prevent cancer and other aging-related disorders due to their high concentration of bioactive polyphenolic-rich compounds and macro and micronutrients. Anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed after eating, arriving in the plasmalemma within 15-50 min and entirely removed after 6-8 hr. Due to a lack of an approved and consistent technique for its examination, it has yet to be formally or scientifically recognized. The mulberry plant is commercially grown for silkworm rearing, and less attention is paid to its bioactive molecules, which have a lot of applications in human health. This review paper discusses the phenolic compounds of white mulberry and black mulberry in detail concerning their role in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younus Wani
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - N A Ganie
- College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - D M Wani
- Division of Entomology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - S Q Dar
- Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, India
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, Mewat Engineering College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Saood Manzar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Investigation on Antioxidant Activity and Different Metabolites of Mulberry ( Morus spp.) Leaves Depending on the Harvest Months by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS with Multivariate Tools. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041947. [PMID: 36838934 PMCID: PMC9961089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in active components in mulberry leaves harvested in different months and their antioxidant activities were investigated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with multivariate statistical tools was used to investigate the chemical constituents in the extracts of mulberry leaves. The results indicated that mulberry leaves were rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, organic acids, and fatty acid derivatives. In addition, 25 different compounds were identified in the different batches of mulberry leaves. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of mulberry leaves. Among the four batches, batch A, harvested in December, exhibited the strongest DPPH radical-scavenging activity, while batch B, harvested in March, showed the weakest activity. This was related to the total phenolic content in the mulberry leaves of each batch. The optimal harvest time of mulberry leaves greatly influences the bioactivity and bioavailability of the plant.
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Discovery of natural polyphenols from the wild vegetable Suaeda salsa L. with potential cardioprotective functions. Food Chem 2022; 405:134968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sarma P, Bharadwaj S, Swargiary D, Ahmed SA, Sheikh Y, Barge SR, Manna P, Talukdar NC, Bora J, Borah JC. Iridoid glycoside isolated from Wendlandia glabrata and the role of its enriched fraction in regulating AMPK/PEPCK/G6Pase signaling pathway of hepatic gluconeogenesis. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of W. glabrata and antihyperglycemic potential of isolated novel iridoid glycoside enriched fraction in CC1 hepatocytes and STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranamika Sarma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Deepsikha Swargiary
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yunus Sheikh
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sagar Ramrao Barge
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Currently, Assam Down Town University, Sankar Madhab Path Gandhi Nagar, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam 781026, India
| | - Jayanta Bora
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Branch Itanagar, Itanagar, 791110, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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The Anticancer Effects of Flavonoids through miRNAs Modulations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041212. [PMID: 33916931 PMCID: PMC8067583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC) incidence rate has regularly risen over the last decades and is expected to increase in the future. Finding novel treatment options with minimum or no toxicity is of great importance in treating or preventing TNBC. Flavonoids are new attractive molecules that might fulfill this promising therapeutic option. Flavonoids have shown many biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In addition to their anticancer effects by arresting the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing cancer cell proliferation, flavonoids can modulate non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) function. Several preclinical and epidemiological studies indicate the possible therapeutic potential of these compounds. Flavonoids display a unique ability to change miRNAs' levels via different mechanisms, either by suppressing oncogenic miRNAs or activating oncosuppressor miRNAs or affecting transcriptional, epigenetic miRNA processing in TNBC. Flavonoids are not only involved in the regulation of miRNA-mediated cancer initiation, growth, proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but also control miRNAs-mediated biological processes that significantly impact TNBC, such as cell cycle, immune system, mitochondrial dysregulation, modulating signaling pathways, inflammation, and angiogenesis. In this review, we highlighted the role of miRNAs in TNBC cancer progression and the effect of flavonoids on miRNA regulation, emphasizing their anticipated role in the prevention and treatment of TNBC.
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Phenolic constituents and anticancer properties of Morus alba (white mulberry) leaves. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Purification of Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaves via High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to obtain high-purity flavonoid products, the extracts from mulberry leaves were separated and purified via high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Moreover, the product was detected via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The characteristic absorption wavelength of the rutin standard for HSCCC detection and HPLC analysis at 257 nm was tested by ultraviolet scanning analysis. The effect of solvent systems and mobile phase flow rate on the separation efficiency were then researched. Finally, the solvent system of V(ethyl acetate):V(n-butanol):V(water) = 4:1:5 was selected as the operating system for HSCCC. This work theoretically analyzed the impact of the molecular structure and polarity of flavonoids on the choice of solvent systems. The results showed that the mobile phase flow rate had a great influence on the separation efficiency. Furthermore, the separation efficiency increased as the mobile phase flow rate decreased. When the mobile phase flow rate was 5 mL/min, the peak time for flavonoids was 140 min, the retention of the stationary phase was 56.4%, and the purity of the product reached 93.8%. The results of this study greatly improved the purity of flavonoids in mulberry leaf and provided a strong support for the separation and purification of mulberry leaf extract.
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Patil VM, Masand N. Anticancer Potential of Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biological Activities, and Future Perspectives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64179-3.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ma XL, Song FF, Zhang H, Huan X, Li SY. Compositional Monosaccharide Analysis of Morus nigra Linn by HPLC and HPCE Quantitative Determination and Comparison of Polysaccharide from Morus nigra Linn by HPCE and HPLC. CURR PHARM ANAL 2017; 13:433-437. [PMID: 29213223 PMCID: PMC5684802 DOI: 10.2174/1573412913666170330150807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morus nigra Linn is not only treated as health food but also medicine in Chinese history. OBJECTIVE Here, we have extracted and separated the heteroglycan to monosaccharides of the dry fruits. METHOD After heteroglycan being hydrolysised, then were we derivatived the monosaccharides with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and then subsequently HPCE and HPLC were used to separate. HPCE, which held an uncoated capillary (d=75μm) and detected by PDA at 245 nm with borate buffer, the voltage was set at 15 kV and capillary temperature was 25°C. There is Yilite column (Hypersil BDS C18 5μm, 4.6mm×250mm) with HPLC and detected by UV at 245 nm and capillary temperature 25°C.The High Performance capillary electrophoresis method and High Performance Liquid Chromatog-raphy method were compared on monosaccharide composition and quantitative determination of polysac-charide from the black mulberry. RESULTS Through several indicators including standard curve, precision, reproducibility, stability and recovery rate, the result of the two methods is basically consistent while they have complementary ad-vantages. CONCLUSION Both methods are suitable for the determination of the black mulberry polysaccharide, but each has its own merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ma
- Central laboratory, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Feng Feng Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xie Huan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Song Ya Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, P.R. China
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周 萍, 董 晓, 汤 平. [Sanggenon C induces apoptosis of prostate cancer PC3 cells by activating caspase 3 and caspase 9 pathways]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1206-1210. [PMID: 28951363 PMCID: PMC6765487 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Sanggenon C in inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer PC3 cell line and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The proliferation of PC3 cells treated for 24 h with 1, 5, 20, 50, and 100 µmol/L sanggenon C or treated with 20 µmol/L Sanggenon C for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h was evaluated using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed for analysis of apoptosis of PC3 cells after exposure to sanggenon C with different treatment protocols, and the activity of caspase 3 was detected using spectrofluorometry. The inhibitory effect of sanggenon C on PC3 cells pretreated with DMSO, z-DEVD-fmk, z-LEHD-fmk or z-IETD-fmk for 1 h was detected by MTT assay. RESULTS Sanggenon C inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P<0.05 except for 1 µmol/L group) with a 24-h IC50 of 18.76 µmol/L. Sanggenon C at 20 µmol/L caused inhibition rates of PC3 cells of 10.57%, 27.09%, 51.88%, 80.73% and 87.99% after treatment for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively (P<0.05), and resulted in apoptosis rates of 7.43%, 20.91% and 37.56% at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Sanggenon C significantly increased caspase-3 activity in the cells, and its effect on PC3 cell proliferation was partially reversed by caspase 3 and caspase 9 inhibitors. CONCLUSION Sanggenon C can dose-dependently induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of PC3 cells possibly by activating caspase 9 and caspase 3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- 萍 周
- 广州医科大学 基础医学研究中心,广东 广州 511436Basic Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436
| | - 晓先 董
- 广州医科大学 病理生理学教研室,广东 广州 511436Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - 平 汤
- 广州市第一人民医院泌尿外科,广东 广州 510180Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Campos JF, Espindola PPDT, Torquato HFV, Vital WD, Justo GZ, Silva DB, Carollo CA, de Picoli Souza K, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Dos Santos EL. Leaf and Root Extracts from Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) Promote Apoptotic Death of Leukemic Cells via Activation of Intracellular Calcium and Caspase-3. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:466. [PMID: 28855870 PMCID: PMC5558464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical studies are seeking new alternatives to prevent or treat cancer, including different types of leukemias. Campomanesia adamantium, commonly known as guavira or guabiroba, exhibits pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. Considering the anticancer potential of this plant species, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antileukemic activity and the chemical composition of aqueous extracts from the leaves (AECL) and roots (AECR) of C. adamantium and their possible mechanisms of action. The extracts were analyzed by LC-DAD-MS, and their constituents were identified based on the UV, MS, and MS/MS data. The AECL and AECR showed different chemical compositions, which were identified as main compounds glycosylated flavonols from AECL and ellagic acid and their derivatives from AECR. The cytotoxicity promoted by these extracts were evaluated using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Jurkat leukemic cell line. The cell death profile was evaluated using annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide labeling. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, the activity of caspases, and intracellular calcium levels were assessed. The cell cycle profile was evaluated using propidium iodide. Both extracts caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity only in Jurkat cells via late apoptosis. This activity was associated with loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspases-9 and -3, changes in intracellular calcium levels, and cell cycle arrest in S-phase. Therefore, the antileukemic activity of the AECL and AECR is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular messengers, which activate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Hence, aqueous extracts of the leaves and roots of C. adamantium show therapeutic potential for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated the proliferation of tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline F Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Priscilla P de Toledo Espindola
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Heron F V Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Braz Cubas UniversityMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Wagner D Vital
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das CruzesMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do SulMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.,Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das CruzesMogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Edson L Dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism, Federal University of Grande DouradosDourados, Brazil
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Menezes JCJMDS, Orlikova B, Morceau F, Diederich M. Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship and Chemotherapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Leukemia. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S4-S28. [PMID: 26463658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1074532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids and their derivatives are polyphenolic secondary metabolites with an extensive spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidants, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. These flavonoids can also act as chemopreventive agents by their interaction with different proteins and can play a vital role in chemotherapy, suggesting a positive correlation between a lower risk of cancer and a flavonoid-rich diet. These agents interfere with the main hallmarks of cancer by various individual mechanisms, such as inhibition of cell growth and proliferation by arresting the cell cycle, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review is an effort to highlight the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic flavonoids as anticancer agents in leukemia treatment with respect to the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and their molecular mechanisms. Induction of cell death mechanisms, production of reactive oxygen species, and drug resistance mechanisms, including p-glycoprotein efflux, are among the best-described effects triggered by the flavonoid polyphenol family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- b Department of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , South Korea.,c Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Franck Morceau
- c Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg , Luxembourg , Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- b Department of Pharmacy , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Gwanak-gu, Seoul , South Korea
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Chemical constituents of Morus alba L. and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Fitoterapia 2014; 98:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Analysis of the erythroid differentiation effect of flavonoid apigenin on K562 human chronic leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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17
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Liu C, Wang CH, Liu J, Xu L, Xiang W, Wang YC. Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Technology for Extracting 1-deoxynojirimycin from Mulberry Tea by Response Surface Methodology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Inhibitive effects of mulberry leaf-related extracts on cell adhesion and inflammatory response in human aortic endothelial cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:267217. [PMID: 24371453 PMCID: PMC3863563 DOI: 10.1155/2013/267217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of mulberry leaf-related extracts (MLREs) on hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes and on inflammatory signaling pathways in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were studied. The tested MLREs were rich in flavonols, especially bombyx faces tea (BT) in quercetin and kaempferol. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanidin also abounded in BT. The best trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was generated from the acidic methanolic extracts of BT. Acidic methanolic and water extracts of mulberry leaf tea (MT), mulberry leaf (M), and BT significantly inhibited DNA oxidative damage to lymphocytes based on the comet assay as compared to the H2O2-treated group. TNF- α -induced monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was significantly suppressed by MLREs. Additionally, nuclear factor kappa B (NF- κ B) expression was significantly reduced by BT and MT. Significant reductions were also observed in both NF- κ B and activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding by MLREs. Significant increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ DNA binding by MLREs were also detected in M and MT extracts, but no evidence for PPAR α DNA binding in 50 μ g/mL MT extract was found. Apparently, MLREs can provide distinct cytoprotective mechanisms that may contribute to its putative beneficial effects on suppressing endothelial responses to cytokines during inflammation.
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Lee MS, Park WS, Kim YH, Kwon SH, Jang YJ, Han D, Morita K, Her S. Antidepressant-like effects of Cortex Mori Radicis extract via bidirectional phosphorylation of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2013; 236:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Emerging evidence proposes that most cancers originate from a rare subpopulation of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess characteristics including differentiation, self-renewal, and tumorigenicity. Currently, available therapeutic agents cannot effectively eliminate CSCs. Therefore, the development of a nontoxic, natural treatment that can either overcome chemoresistance or promote the elimination of CSCs is highly desirable. The current study examined whether mulberry leaf (ML) ethanolic extract can effectively eliminate neuroblastoma stem cell-like population. Our data demonstrated that 10-40 μg/ml of ML extract significantly enhanced differentiation by elongating neurites and reducing clonogenicity and sphere formation as shown by the decreased expression of stem cell markers and increased expression of differentiation markers. The knock-down of delta-like 1 homologue by siRNA enhanced the significant inhibitory effects of 40 μg/ml of ML extract on colony formation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was increased by 20 or 40 μg/ml of ML extract and the MEK/ERK inhibitors completely blocked differentiation induced by the extract. Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence that ML may have chemopreventive effects on neuroblastoma cells by inhibiting CSCs characteristics as well as regulating CSCs pathways, which may provide a therapeutic option for controlling the growth of neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seolhyun Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Naowaratwattana W, De-Eknamkul W, De Mejia EG. Phenolic-Containing Organic Extracts of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves Inhibit HepG2 Hepatoma Cells Through G2/M Phase Arrest, Induction of Apoptosis, and Inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα Activity. J Med Food 2010; 13:1045-56. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlaya Naowaratwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai De-Eknamkul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elvira Gonzalez De Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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23
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Hong SS, Lee C, Lee CH, Park M, Lee MS, Hong JT, Lee H, Lee MK, Hwang BY. A new furofuran lignan from Isodon japonicus. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:501-4. [PMID: 19407966 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new sesamin type furofuran lignan, (-)-sesamin-2,2'-diol (1), along with two known flavonoids (2 and 3) and three phenolic compounds (4-6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon japonicus. The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data (1D-, 2D-NMR, HRMS and CD) and by comparison of the data with those of related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Su Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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24
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Wu JF, Chen SB, Gao JC, Song HL, Wu LJ, Chen SL, Tu PF. Antioxidants and a new dihydroisocoumarins fromPolygala hongkongensisHemsl. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:580-4. [PMID: 17613814 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701369391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new dihydroisocoumarins, 6-methoxy-8-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isochroman-1-one, named as hongkongenin (1), and seven known flavonoids were isolated from the methanol extract whole plant of Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl. Their structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectral data. It is the first report of the occurrence of isocoumarins in Polygala, and the known compounds 2-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Flavonoids showed potent antioxidant activities in vitro against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and reductive activity to Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Wu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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25
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Oki T, Kobayashi M, Nakamura T, Okuyama A, Masuda M, Shiratsuchi H, Suda I. Changes in Radical-scavenging Activity and Components of Mulberry Fruit During Maturation. J Food Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.tb12382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitously in plants. They have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities at nontoxic concentrations in organisms. The role of dietary flavonoids in cancer prevention is widely discussed. Compelling data from laboratory studies, epidemiological investigations, and human clinical trials indicate that flavonoids have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Many mechanisms of action have been identified, including carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, inhibition of angiogenesis, antioxidation and reversal of multidrug resistance or a combination of these mechanisms. Based on these results, flavonoids may be promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ren
- Department of Hematology, 2nd Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
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27
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Abstract
Conventional treatment of acute leukemia involves the use of cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy), but other strategies have been explored. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic have clearly been effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which creates the possibility that other types of acute leukemia can be conquered by selectively inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis. A great number of investigations have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms and search for effective agents in the treatment of other types of acute leukemia by these new strategies. Progress at the molecular level has been achieved in explaining the mechanisms of action of ATRA and arsenic compounds, and several new agents have emerged, although their clinical effectiveness remains to be confirmed. Mechanism-/gene-based targeted therapy and a combination of different strategies will improve the treatment of acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Second Medical University, Shangai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai, China
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28
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Abstract
Abstract
Conventional treatment of acute leukemia involves the use of cytotoxic agents (chemotherapy), but other strategies have been explored. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic have clearly been effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which creates the possibility that other types of acute leukemia can be conquered by selectively inducing differentiation and/or apoptosis. A great number of investigations have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms and search for effective agents in the treatment of other types of acute leukemia by these new strategies. Progress at the molecular level has been achieved in explaining the mechanisms of action of ATRA and arsenic compounds, and several new agents have emerged, although their clinical effectiveness remains to be confirmed. Mechanism-/gene-based targeted therapy and a combination of different strategies will improve the treatment of acute leukemia.
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