1
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Richards SE, Bradshaw PR, Johnson CH, Stachulski AV, Athersuch TJ, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Wilson ID. Transacylation and hydrolysis of the acyl glucuronides of ibuprofen and its α-methyl-substituted analogues investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational chemistry: Implications for drug design. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116238. [PMID: 38805849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Drugs and drug metabolites containing a carboxylic-acid moiety can undergo in vivo conjugation to form 1-β-O-acyl-glucuronides (1-β-O-AGs). In addition to hydrolysis, these conjugates can undergo spontaneous acyl migration, and anomerisation reactions, resulting in a range of positional isomers. Facile transacylation has been suggested as a mechanism contributing to the toxicity of acyl glucuronides, with the kinetics of these processes thought to be a factor. Previous 1H NMR spectroscopic and HPLC-MS studies have been conducted to measure the degradation rates of the 1-β-O-AGs of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibufenac, R-ibuprofen, S-ibuprofen) and a dimethyl-analogue (termed here as "bibuprofen"). These studies have also determined the relative contributions of hydrolysis and acyl migration in both buffered aqueous solution, and human plasma. Here, a detailed kinetic analysis is reported, providing the individual rate constants for the acyl migration and hydrolysis reactions observed in buffer for each of the 4 AGs, together with the overall degradation rate constants of the parent 1-β-O-AGs. Computational modelling of the reactants and transition states of the transacylation reaction using density functional theory indicated differences in the activation energies that reflected the influence of both substitution and stereochemistry on the rate of transacylation/hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena E Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R Bradshaw
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA
| | - Andrew V Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Toby J Athersuch
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- The Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth WA6150, Australia; Institute of Global Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Level 1, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2NA, UK
| | - John C Lindon
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK.
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2
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Lassfolk R, Leino R. Mechanism of Acyl Group Migration in Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301489. [PMID: 37265378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl group migration has been the subject of several studies. Such migration processes may cause problems during synthesis, isolation, and purification of different acyl-bearing compounds, and have biological relevance, for example, in the metabolism of pharmaceuticals. Considering the recent evidence of acyl group migration being possible even over glycosidic bonds, it could be hypothesized to be involved also in the regulation of biological activity of natural polysaccharides in the host cells. Migrations are mostly observed in carbohydrates, typically having several hydroxyl groups near each other. Several studies have investigated the migration in a single or only a few different carbohydrate molecules, providing different suggestions for the mechanisms of migration, seldom supported by comprehensive computational investigations. In this concept article we discuss the recent progress on the mechanistic aspects of acyl group migration, with carbohydrates in particular focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lassfolk
- Turku Centre for Chemical and Molecular Analytics, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
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3
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Lassfolk R, Pedrón M, Tejero T, Merino P, Wärnå J, Leino R. Acyl Group Migration in Pyranosides as Studied by Experimental and Computational Methods. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200499. [PMID: 35302249 PMCID: PMC9322027 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acyl group migration affects the synthesis, isolation, manipulation and purification of all acylated organic compounds containing free hydroxyl groups, in particular carbohydrates. While several isolated studies on the migration phenomenon in different buffers have been reported, comprehensive insights into the overall migration process in different monosaccharides under similar conditions have been lacking. Here, we have studied the acyl migration in different monosaccharides using five different acyl groups by a combination of experimental, kinetic and theoretical tools. The results show that the anomeric configuration in the monosaccharide has a major influence on the migration rate, together with the relative configurations of the other hydroxyl groups and the nature of the migrating acyl group. Full mechanistic model, based on computations, demonstrates that the acyl migration proceeds through an anionic stepwise mechanism with linear dependence on the [OH−] and the pKa of the hydroxyl group toward which the acyl group is migrating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lassfolk
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Manuel Pedrón
- Institute of Biocomputation & Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Institute of Chemical Synthesis & Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Institute of Biocomputation & Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Johan Wärnå
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
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4
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Buevich AV, He CQ, Pio B, Samuel K, Mitra K, Sherer EC, Cancilla MT, Chobanian HR. Driving to a Better Understanding of Acyl Glucuronide Transformations Using NMR and Molecular Modeling. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:459-474. [PMID: 35156375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronide (AG) metabolites of carboxylic acid-containing drugs and products of their transformations have long been implicated in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). To inform on the DILI risk arising from AG reactive intermediates, a comprehensive mechanistic study of enzyme-independent AG rearrangements using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) was undertaken. NMR spectroscopy was utilized for structure elucidation and kinetics measurements of nine rearrangement and hydrolysis products of 1β-O-acyl glucuronide of ibufenac. To extract rate constants of rearrangement, mutarotation, and hydrolysis from kinetic data, 11 different kinetic models were examined. Model selection and estimated rate constant verification were supported by measurements of H/D kinetic isotope effects. DFT calculations of ground and transition states supported the proposed kinetic mechanisms and helped to explain the unusually fast intramolecular transacylation rates found for some of the intermediates. The findings of the current study reinforce the notion that the short half-life of parent AG and slow hydrolysis rates of AG rearrangement products are the two key factors that can influence the in vivo toxicity of AGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Buevich
- Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Barbara Pio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Koppara Samuel
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kaushik Mitra
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mark T Cancilla
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Harry R Chobanian
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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5
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Hettikankanamalage AA, Lassfolk R, Ekholm FS, Leino R, Crich D. Mechanisms of Stereodirecting Participation and Ester Migration from Near and Far in Glycosylation and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7104-7151. [PMID: 32627532 PMCID: PMC7429366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the counterpart of a 2018 Chemical Reviews article (Adero, P. O.; Amarasekara, H.; Wen, P.; Bohé, L.; Crich, D. Chem. Rev. 2018, 118, 8242-8284) that examined the mechanisms of chemical glycosylation in the absence of stereodirecting participation. Attention is now turned to a critical review of the evidence in support of stereodirecting participation in glycosylation reactions by esters from either the vicinal or more remote positions. As participation by esters is often accompanied by ester migration, the mechanism(s) of migration are also reviewed. Esters are central to the entire review, which accordingly opens with an overview of their structure and their influence on the conformations of six-membered rings. Next the structure and relative energetics of dioxacarbeniun ions are covered with emphasis on the influence of ring size. The existing kinetic evidence for participation is then presented followed by an overview of the various intermediates either isolated or characterized spectroscopically. The evidence supporting participation from remote or distal positions is critically examined, and alternative hypotheses for the stereodirecting effect of such esters are presented. The mechanisms of ester migration are first examined from the perspective of glycosylation reactions and then more broadly in the context of partially acylated polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri A. Hettikankanamalage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Lassfolk
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Filip S. Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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6
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Bradshaw PR, Richards SE, Wilson ID, Stachulski AV, Lindon JC, Athersuch TJ. Kinetic modelling of acyl glucuronide and glucoside reactivity and development of structure–property relationships. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1389-1401. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02008j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed kinetic and transition structure modelling to rationalise the differences in reactivity observed between the acyl glucuronide and glucoside metabolites of a series of phenylacetic acid analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Bradshaw
- Department of Metabolism
- Digestion and Reproduction
- Faculty of Medicine
- Imperial College London
- London
| | - Selena E. Richards
- Department of Chemistry
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Department of Metabolism
- Digestion and Reproduction
- Faculty of Medicine
- Imperial College London
- London
| | - Andrew V. Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry
- The Robert Robinson Laboratories
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
| | - John C. Lindon
- Department of Metabolism
- Digestion and Reproduction
- Faculty of Medicine
- Imperial College London
- London
| | - Toby J. Athersuch
- Department of Metabolism
- Digestion and Reproduction
- Faculty of Medicine
- Imperial College London
- London
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7
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Baba A, Yamada K, Satoh T, Watanabe K, Yoshioka T. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis, Structural and Stereochemical Characterization, and Intrinsic Degradation Kinetics of Diastereomers of 1-β- O-Acyl Glucuronides Derived from Racemic 2-{4-[(2-Methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino]phenyl}propanoic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4932-4940. [PMID: 31458709 PMCID: PMC6641924 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alminoprofen, (RS)-2-{4-[(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid (ALP) 1, is a racemic drug categorized as a 2-arylpropanoic acid-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Pharmacokinetic studies of 1 in patients have revealed that the corresponding acyl glucuronide 5 is a major urinary metabolite, but little is known about the structure and stereochemistry of 5. The present work describes the synthesis of a diastereomeric mixture of 1-β-O-acyl glucuronides (2RS)-5 from 1 and methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1-bromo-1-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranuronate 2 using our chemo-enzymatic method that has complete specificity for the β-configuration. The structure of (2RS)-5 was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as by complete hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase. The absolute stereochemistry of (2RS)-5 was determined by comparison with (2R)-5 synthesized alternatively from (2R)-1 and 2. Compound (2R)-1 was prepared in two steps starting from chiral (R)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid (2R)-6. Chiral resolution of (2RS)-1 was achieved using a chiral high-performance liquid chromatography column, and its stereochemistry was determined by comparison with (2R)-1. The intrinsic degradation rate constant of (2R)-5 was 0.405 ± 0.002 h-1, which is approximately twice that of (2S)-5 (the k value was 0.226 ± 0.002 h-1) under physiological conditions (pH 7.40, 37 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Baba
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Koki Yamada
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Tadao Yoshioka
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
of Science, 7-15-4-1
Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
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8
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Li C, Ding H, Ruan Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Q. First total synthesis of kipukasin A. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:855-862. [PMID: 28546843 PMCID: PMC5433220 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a practical approach for the total synthesis of kipukasin A is presented with 22% overall yield by using tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-ribose as starting material. An improved iodine-promoted acetonide-forming reaction was developed to access 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose. For the first time, ortho-alkynylbenzoate was used as protecting group for the 5-hydoxy group. After subsequent Vorbrüggen glycosylation, the protecting group could be removed smoothly in the presence of 5 mol % Ph3PAuOTf in dichloromethane to provide kipukasin A in high yield and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Haixin Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhizhong Ruan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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9
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Huang RM, Chen YN, Zeng Z, Gao CH, Su X, Peng Y. Marine nucleosides: structure, bioactivity, synthesis and biosynthesis. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5817-38. [PMID: 25474189 PMCID: PMC4278203 DOI: 10.3390/md12125817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that structurally form part of nucleotide molecules, the building block of DNA and RNA. Both nucleosides and nucleotides are vital components of all living cells and involved in several key biological processes. Some of these nucleosides have been obtained from a variety of marine resources. Because of the biological importance of these compounds, this review covers 68 marine originated nucleosides and their synthetic analogs published up to June 2014. The review will focus on the structures, bioactivities, synthesis and biosynthetic processes of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Ming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Yin-Ning Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ziyu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Cheng-Hai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China.
| | - Xiangdong Su
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Yan Peng
- Life Science & Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 52048, China.
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Chen M, Fu XM, Kong CJ, Wang CY. Nucleoside derivatives from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:895-900. [PMID: 24670197 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Four nucleoside derivatives (1-4) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus versicolor derived from the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea collected in the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic method of NMR and MS analysis. All isolated metabolites were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and lethality towards brine shrimp Artemia salina. Compounds 1/2 exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis with an MIC value of 12.5 μM. It should be noted that 1 and 2, whose structures were listed in SciFinder Scholar, had no associated reference. This is the first report about their isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Li JL, Kim EL, Wang H, Hong J, Shin S, Lee CK, Jung JH. Epimeric methylsulfinyladenosine derivatives from the marine ascidian Herdmania momus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4701-4. [PMID: 23810281 PMCID: PMC7127152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the secondary metabolites of the ascidian Herdmania momus led to the isolation and characterization of four new nucleoside derivatives (1-4). Structural studies showed that these derivatives represent a series of rare methylsulfinyladenosine derivatives of interconvertible transesterification isomers and/or sulfinyl epimers. The antiviral activities of these rare nucleosides were evaluated against a series of human pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226-001, China
| | - Eun La Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, South Korea
| | - Chong-Kyo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-343, South Korea
| | - Jee H. Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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12
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Stachulski AV, Meng X. Glucuronides from metabolites to medicines: a survey of the in vivo generation, chemical synthesis and properties of glucuronides. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:806-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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In silico prediction of acyl glucuronide reactivity. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2011; 25:997-1005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-011-9479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Zhang D, Raghavan N, Wang L, Xue Y, Obermeier M, Chen S, Tao S, Zhang H, Cheng PT, Li W, Ramanathan R, Yang Z, Humphreys WG. Plasma stability-dependent circulation of acyl glucuronide metabolites in humans: how circulating metabolite profiles of muraglitazar and peliglitazar can lead to misleading risk assessment. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:123-31. [PMID: 20876787 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.035048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muraglitazar and peliglitazar, two structural analogs differing by a methyl group, are dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α/γ activators. Both compounds were extensively metabolized in humans through acyl glucuronidation to form 1-O-β-acyl glucuronide (AG) metabolites as the major drug-related components in bile, representing at least 15 to 16% of the dose after oral administration. Peliglitazar AG was the major circulating metabolite, whereas muraglitazar AG was a very minor circulating metabolite in humans. Peliglitazar AG circulated at lower concentrations in animal species than in humans. Both compounds had a similar glucuronidation rate in UDP-glucuronic acid-fortified human liver microsomal incubations and a similar metabolism rate in human hepatocytes. Muraglitazar AG and peliglitazar AG were chemically synthesized and found to be similarly oxidized through hydroxylation and O-demethylation in NADPH-fortified human liver microsomal incubations. Peliglitazar AG had a greater stability than muraglitazar AG in incubations in buffer, rat, or human plasma (pH 7.4). Incubations of muraglitazar AG or peliglitazar AG in plasma produced more aglycon than acyl migration products compared with incubations in the buffer. These data suggested that the difference in plasma stability, not differences in intrinsic formation, direct excretion, or further oxidation of muraglitazar AG or peliglitazar AG, contributed to the observed difference in the circulation of these AG metabolites in humans. The study demonstrated the difficulty in doing risk assessment based on metabolite exposure in plasma because the more reactive muraglitazar AG would not have triggered a threshold of concern based on the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance on Metabolites in Safety Testing, whereas the more stable peliglitazar AG would have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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15
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Johnson CH, Karlsson E, Sarda S, Iddon L, Iqbal M, Meng X, Harding JR, Stachulski AV, Nicholson JK, Wilson ID, Lindon JC. Integrated HPLC-MS and (1)H-NMR spectroscopic studies on acyl migration reaction kinetics of model drug ester glucuronides. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:9-23. [PMID: 19919325 DOI: 10.3109/00498250903348720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronides (AGs) are common, chemically reactive metabolites of acidic xenobiotics. Concerns about the potential of this class of conjugate to cause toxicity in man require efficient methods for the determination of reactivity, and this is commonly done by measuring transacylation kinetics. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were applied to the kinetic analysis of AG isomerization and hydrolysis for the 1-beta-O-AGs of ibufenac, (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen, and an alpha,alpha-dimethylated ibuprofen analogue. Each AG was incubated in either aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 or human plasma at 37 degrees C. Aliquots of these samples, taken throughout the reaction time course, were analysed by HPLC-MS and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy and the results compared. For identification of the AGs incubated in pH 7.4 buffer and for analysis of kinetic rates, (1)H-NMR spectroscopy generally gave the most complete set of data, but for human plasma the use of (1)H-NMR spectroscopy was impractical and HPLC-MS was more suitable. HPLC-MS was more sensitive than (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, but the lack of suitable stable-isotope labelled internal standards, together with differences in response between glucuronides and aglycones, made quantification problematic. Using HPLC-MS a specific 1-beta-O-AG-related ion at m/z 193 (the glucuronate fragment) was noted enabling selective determination of these isomers. In buffer, transacylation reactions predominated, with relatively little hydrolysis to the free aglycone observed. In human plasma incubations the observed rates of reaction were much faster than for buffer, and hydrolysis to the free aglycone was the major route. These results illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each analytical approach for this class of analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Johnson
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Baba A, Yoshioka T. Structure−Activity Relationships for the Degradation Reaction of 1-β-O-Acyl Glucuronides. Part 3: Electronic and Steric Descriptors Predicting the Reactivity of Aralkyl Carboxylic Acid 1-β-O-Acyl Glucuronides. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1998-2008. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9002963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Baba
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Tadao Yoshioka
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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17
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Erden I, Gärtner C, Azimi MS. Triphenylphosphine reduction of saturated endoperoxides. Org Lett 2009; 11:3986-9. [PMID: 19655767 DOI: 10.1021/ol901652u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine reduction of saturated endoperoxides derived from 6,6-dimethylfulvene and spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene in the presence of nucleophiles results in the formation of products that mainly stem from deoxygenation followed by carbocation formation. Nucleophilic attack by solvent proceeds by an S(N)1 like mechanism; allyl shifts and cyclopropylcarbinyl-cyclobutyl rearrangements also occur. With the systems lacking carbocation-stabilizing groups, the deoxygenation step is preceded by attack of H(2)O at the phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Erden
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132, USA.
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18
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Yoshioka T, Baba A. Structure−Activity Relationships for the Degradation Reaction of 1-β-O-Acyl Glucuronides. Part 2: Electronic and Steric Descriptors Predicting the Reactivity of 1-β-O-Acyl Glucuronides Derived from Benzoic Acids. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1559-69. [DOI: 10.1021/tx900092z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Yoshioka
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
| | - Akiko Baba
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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Berry NG, Iddon L, Iqbal M, Meng X, Jayapal P, Johnson CH, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Harding JR, Wilson ID, Stachulski AV. Synthesis, transacylation kinetics and computational chemistry of a set of arylacetic acid 1β-O-acyl glucuronides. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2525-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b822777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Baba A, Yoshioka T. Structure−Activity Relationships for Degradation Reaction of 1-β-O-Acyl Glucuronides: Kinetic Description and Prediction of Intrinsic Electrophilic Reactivity under Physiological Conditions. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 22:158-72. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800292m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Baba
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, 047-0264, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tadao Yoshioka
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, 047-0264, Hokkaido, Japan
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21
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Skordi E, Wilson ID, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Kinetic studies on the intramolecular acyl migration of β-1-O-acyl glucuronides: Application to the glucuronides of (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen, (R)- and (S)-hydroxy-ketoprofen metabolites, and tolmetin by1H-NMR spectroscopy. Xenobiotica 2008; 35:715-25. [PMID: 16316930 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500230750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of carboxylate drugs with D-glucuronic acid is of considerable interest because of the inherent reactivity of the resulting beta-1-O-acyl glucuronides. These conjugates can degrade by spontaneous hydrolysis and internal acyl migration. beta-1-O-acyl glucuronides and their acyl migration products can also react covalently with macromolecules with potential toxicological consequences. The spontaneous degradation of the diastereoisomeric beta-1-O-acyl glucuronide metabolites of the racemic drug ketoprofen, two of its ring-hydroxylated metabolites and of tolmetin beta-1-O-acyl glucuronide was investigated by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy in buffer solutions, at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. A plot of the logarithm of the peak integrals against time revealed first-order kinetics. Degradation rates and half-lives were calculated for each glucuronide using first-order reaction equations. Tolmetin glucuronide had the fastest degradation rate, whilst all of the ketoprofen-related glucuronides had similar degradation rates. The degradation of the diastereoisomeric glucuronides was stereoselective, with the rate for the (S)-isomer always slower compared with the (R)-isomer by approximately a factor of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skordi
- Biological Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
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Johnson CH, Wilson ID, Harding JR, Stachulski AV, Iddon L, Nicholson JK, Lindon JC. NMR Spectroscopic Studies on the in Vitro Acyl Glucuronide Migration Kinetics of Ibuprofen ((±)-(R,S)-2-(4-Isobutylphenyl) Propanoic Acid), Its Metabolites, and Analogues. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8720-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071368i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Ian D. Wilson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - John R. Harding
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Andrew V. Stachulski
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Lisa Iddon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - John C. Lindon
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics (SORA), Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K., Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK 10 4TG, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
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Stachulski AV, Harding JR, Lindon JC, Maggs JL, Park BK, Wilson ID. Acyl Glucuronides: Biological Activity, Chemical Reactivity, and Chemical Synthesis. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6931-45. [PMID: 17125245 DOI: 10.1021/jm060599z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Stachulski
- Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK.
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Jackson MD, Denu JM. Structural identification of 2'- and 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose as novel metabolites derived from the Sir2 family of beta -NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:18535-44. [PMID: 11893743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200671200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sir2 (silent information regulator 2) family of histone/protein deacetylases has been implicated in a wide range of biological activities, including gene silencing, life-span extension, and chromosomal stability. Their dependence on beta-NAD(+) for activity is unique among the known classes of histone/protein deacetylase. Sir2 enzymes have been shown to couple substrate deacetylation and beta-NAD(+) cleavage to the formation of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, a newly described metabolite. To gain a better understanding of the catalytic mechanism and of the biological implications of producing this molecule, we have performed a detailed enzymatic and structural characterization of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Through the use of mass spectrometry, rapid quenching techniques, and NMR structural analyses, 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose and 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose were found to be the solution products produced by the Sir2 family of enzymes. Rapid quenching approaches under single-turnover conditions identified 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose as the enzymatic product, whereas 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose was formed by intramolecular transesterification after enzymatic release into bulk solvent, where 2'- and 3'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose exist in equilibrium (48:52). In addition to (1)H and (13)C chemical shift assignments for each regioisomer, heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy was used to assign unambiguously the position of the acetyl group. These findings are highly significant, because they differ from the previous conclusion, which suggested that 1'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose was the solution product of the reaction. Possible mechanisms for the generation of 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Jackson
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Portland, Oregopn 97201-3098, USA
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