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Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Darwati, Nurlelasari, Mayanti T, Ambardhani N, Kurnia D. Morelloflavone as Potential Anticancer Agent Against MCF-7 Breast
Cancer Cell Lines: In vitro and In silico Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210706110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast cancer is most commonly reported to contribute to people's death. Nowadays,
cancer treatment is focused on investigating anticancer drugs from natural compounds. Various
methods, including in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods, are used to assess the potential of anticancer
compounds. The efficacy of bioactive compounds from medicinal plant origin lies in their affordability
and minimized side effects. The Garcinia genus contains bioactive compounds, such as xanthones, benzophenones,
triterpenes, biflavonoids, and benzoquinones.
Purpose:
The study aimed at investigating an active compound that can inhibit cancer cell growth and
proteins that contribute to cancer cell growth, such as Caspase-9, TNF-α, ER-α, and HER-2.
Methods:
This study is divided into three steps. The first step is the isolation of the active compound from
G. cymosa. The second step is an assessment of cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell by using MTT assay,
and the last one is an investigation of the molecular mechanism of an active compound against
Caspase-9, TNF-α, ER-α, and HER-2 by using in silico studies utilizing various programs, such as PyRx
0.8, PYMOL, and Discovery Studio.
Results:
Morelloflavone from G. cymosa stem barks has exhibited anticancer activity (55.84 μg/mL)
eight times lower than doxorubicin (6.99 μg/mL), but it can block the activity of Caspase-9, TNF-α, ER-
α, and HER-2. The binding affinity of morelloflavone is the strongest of all ligands.
Conclusion:
The natural flavonoid, morelloflavone, may be a new lead candidate for anticancer agent
inhibiting action mechanism of Caspase-9, TNF-α, ER-α, and HER-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjdjaran, Jatinangor 45363,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjdjaran, Jatinangor 45363,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjdjaran, Jatinangor 45363,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Ambardhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjdjaran, Jatinangor 45363,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjdjaran, Jatinangor 45363,
Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Comparison of the Biological Potential and Chemical Composition of Brazilian and Mexican Propolis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees from plants and its natural product is available as a safe therapeutic option easily administered orally and readily available as a natural supplement and functional food. In this work, we review the most recent scientific evidence involving propolis from two countries (Brazil and Mexico) located in different hemispheres and with varied biomes. Brazil has a scientifically well documented classification of different types of propolis. Although propolis from Brazil and Mexico present varied compositions, they share compounds with recognized biological activities in different extraction processes. Gram-negative bacteria growth is inhibited with lower concentrations of different types of propolis extracts, regardless of origin. Prominent biological activities against cancer cells and fungi were verified in the different types of extracts evaluated. Antiprotozoal activity needs to be further evaluated for propolis of both origins. Regarding the contamination of propolis (e.g., pesticides, toxic metals), few studies have been carried out. However, there is evidence of chemical contamination in propolis by anthropological action. Studies demonstrate the versatility of using propolis in its different forms (extracts, products, etc.), but several potential applications that might improve the value of Brazilian and Mexican propolis should still be investigated.
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Pasaribu YP, Fadlan A, Fatmawati S, Ersam T. Biological Activity Evaluation and In Silico Studies of Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Garcinia celebica. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111654. [PMID: 34829884 PMCID: PMC8615689 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate polyprenylated benzophenones from the rootbark of Garcinia celebica and assess their activities in vitro and in silico. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against HeLa, MCF-7, A549, and B16 cancer cell lines. The antiplasmodial activity was performed against the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. Molecular docking was analyzed on alpha-estrogen receptor (3ERT) and P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (1CET). The prediction of ADMET for the compounds was also studied. For the first time, (-)-cycloxanthochymol, isoxanthochymol, and xanthochymol were isolated from the root bark of Garcinia celebica. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity evaluation showed that all benzophenones exhibited antioxidant activity compared to gallic acid and quercetin as positive controls and also exhibited strong activity against HeLa, MCF-7, A549, and B16 cell lines compared to cisplatin as the positive control. The antiplasmodial evaluation showed that isoxanthochymol exhibited activity against the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum strain 3D7. In addition, the in silico molecular docking study supported in vitro activities. The ADMET analysis also indicated the isolated benzophenones are potential oral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (Y.P.P.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Musamus University, Merauke 99600, Indonesia
| | - Arif Fadlan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (Y.P.P.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Sri Fatmawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (Y.P.P.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Taslim Ersam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia; (Y.P.P.); (A.F.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-813-3073-1952
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The ethanol extract of Garcinia subelliptica Merr. induces autophagy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:280. [PMID: 34758822 PMCID: PMC8579681 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Garcinia subelliptica Merr. is a multipurpose coastal tree, the potential medicinal effects of which have been studied, including cancer suppression. Here, we present evidence that the ethanol extract of G. subelliptica Merr. (eGSM) induces autophagy in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods Two different human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, A549 and SNU2292, were treated with varying amounts of eGSM. Cytotoxicity elicited by eGSM was assessed by MTT assay and PARP degradation. Autophagy in A549 and SNU2292 was determined by western blotting for AMPK, mTOR, ULK1, and LC3. Genetic deletion of AMPKα in HEK293 cells was carried out by CRISPR. Results eGSM elicited cytotoxicity, but not apoptosis, in A549 and SNU2292 cells. eGSM increased LC3-II production in both A549 and, more extensively, SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy. In A549, eGSM activated AMPK, an essential autophagy activator, but not suppressed mTOR, an autophagy blocker, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by primarily activating the AMPK pathway in A549. By contrast, eGSM suppressed mTOR activity without activating AMPK in SNU2292, suggesting that eGSM induces autophagy by mainly suppressing mTOR in SNU2292. In HEK293 cells lacking AMPKα expression, eGSM increased LC3-II production, confirming that the autophagy induced by eGSM can occur without the AMPK pathway. Conclusion Our findings suggest that eGSM induces autophagy by activating AMPK or suppressing mTOR pathways, depending on cell types. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03454-4.
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Boyce JH, Reisman BJ, Bachmann BO, Porco JA. Synthesis and Multiplexed Activity Profiling of Synthetic Acylphloroglucinol Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1263-1272. [PMID: 32965753 PMCID: PMC7855714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are novel formic-acid-mediated rearrangements of dearomatized acylphloroglucinols to access a structurally diverse group of synthetic acylphloroglucinol scaffolds (SASs). Density-functional theory (DFT) optimized orbital and stereochemical analyses shed light on the mechanism of these rearrangements. Products were evaluated by multiplexed activity profiling (MAP), an unbiased platform which assays multiple biological readouts simultaneously at single-cell resolution for markers of cell signaling, and can aid in distinguishing genuine activity from assay interference. MAP identified a number of SASs that suppressed pS6 (Ser235/236), a marker for activation of the mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. These results illustrate how biomimetic synthesis and multiplexed activity profiling can reveal the pharmacological potential of novel chemotypes by diversity-oriented synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Current Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd S., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin J Reisman
- Vanderbilt University, Chemistry Department, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Vanderbilt University, Chemistry Department, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Wang X, Phang YL, Zheng C, Xu H. Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Xanthochymol. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Boyce JH, Reisman BJ, Bachmann BO, Porco JA. Synthesis and Multiplexed Activity Profiling of Synthetic Acylphloroglucinol Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Boyce
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
- Current Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California, San Francisco 555 Mission Bay Blvd S. San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Benjamin J. Reisman
- Vanderbilt University Chemistry Department 7330 Stevenson Center Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Brian O. Bachmann
- Vanderbilt University Chemistry Department 7330 Stevenson Center Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
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9
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Aggarwal V, Tuli HS, Kaur J, Aggarwal D, Parashar G, Chaturvedi Parashar N, Kulkarni S, Kaur G, Sak K, Kumar M, Ahn KS. Garcinol Exhibits Anti-Neoplastic Effects by Targeting Diverse Oncogenic Factors in Tumor Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32365899 PMCID: PMC7277375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is the medicinal component obtained from fruits and leaves of Garcinia indica (G. indica) and has traditionally been extensively used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, it has been also been experimentally illustrated to elicit anti-cancer properties. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have illustrated the potential therapeutic efficiency of garcinol in management of different malignancies. It mainly acts as an inhibitor of cellular processes via regulation of transcription factors NF-κB and JAK/STAT3 in tumor cells and have been demonstrated to effectively inhibit growth of malignant cell population. Numerous studies have highlighted the anti-neoplastic potential of garcinol in different oncological transformations including colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. However, use of garcinol is still in its pre-clinical stage and this is mainly attributed to the limitations of conclusive evaluation of pharmacological parameters. This necessitates evaluation of garcinol pharmacokinetics to precisely identify an appropriate dose and route of administration, tolerability, and potency under physiological conditions along with characterization of a therapeutic index. Hence, the research is presently ongoing in the dimension of exploring the precise metabolic mechanism of garcinol. Despite various lacunae, garcinol has presented with promising anti-cancer effects. Hence, this review is motivated by the constantly emerging and promising positive anti-cancerous effects of garcinol. This review is the first effort to summarize the mechanism of action of garcinol in modulation of anti-cancer effect via regulation of different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India;
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India; (D.A.); or (G.P.); (N.C.P.)
| | - Samruddhi Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS, Vileparle-West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.K.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur 133001, India;
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Xu Q, Chen Z, Min H, Song F, Wang YX, Shi W, Cheng P. Water Stable Heterometallic Zn–Tb Coordination Polymer for Rapid Detection of the Ultraviolet Filter Benzophenone. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6729-6735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhonghang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui Min
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fen Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Govindaraj S, Kannan S, Parasuraman P, Arunachalam S, Sankaranarayanan M, Baskararaj S, Palanisamy P, Ammunje DN. Optimization and analysis of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from Garcinia indica using RSM and ANFIS modeling and its anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wickramasinghe PCK, Murray AF, Sahoo MR, Dein M, Luckett CR, Dia VP, Munafo JP. The effects of processing on Garcinia xanthochymus fruit beverage. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Paul B, Gaonkar RH, Mukhopadhyay R, Ganguly S, Debnath MC, Mukherjee B. Garcinol-loaded novel cationic nanoliposomes: in vitro and in vivo study against B16F10 melanoma tumor model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2045-2065. [PMID: 31368402 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Garcinol (GAR)-loaded cationic nanoliposomes were developed to achieve potential antitumor efficacy on B16F10 melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: Two different phospholipids namely, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were used in formulation to elucidate the difference in cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, in vivo tumor uptake (by scintigraphic imaging after technetium-99m radiolabeling) and therapeutic efficacy. Results: Different in vitro protocols, for example, MTT assay, apoptosis study, gene expression analysis, chromatin condensation and cytoskeleton breakdown analysis in B16F10 cell lines as well as scintigraphic analysis and tumor inhibition studies (B16F10 tumor xenograft model) revealed superiority of GAR-DPPC than GAR-DSPC and free GAR in melanoma prevention. Conclusion: Cationic nanoliposomal formulations could be a future medication for skin cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahamacharry Paul
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Raghuvir H Gaonkar
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ria Mukhopadhyay
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shantanu Ganguly
- Regional Radiation Medicine Center, Thakurpukur Cancer Center & Welfare Home Campus, Kolkata 700063, India
| | - Mita Chatterjee Debnath
- Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Khalid RM, Jabit ML, Abas F, Stanslas J, Shaari K, Lajis NH. Cytotoxic Xanthones from the Leaves of Garcinia Urophylla. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new xanthones, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1) and isocaledonixanthone D (2), and four known ones, gaudichaudione H, 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, as well as lupeol were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia urophylla (Guttiferae). Their structures were determined using a combination of 1D (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT) and 2D (COSY, gHSQC, gHMBC) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the isolates, 7-hydroxydesoxymorellin (1), gaudichaudione H, 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone, and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)xanthone demonstrated cytotoxic activities against breast (MCF-7), prostate (DU-145), and lung (NCI-H460) human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozida Mohd Khalid
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Lip Jabit
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Liu Z, Li G, Long C, Xu J, Cen J, Yang X. The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol. Food Chem 2018; 253:5-12. [PMID: 29502843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and genotoxicity of isogarcinol were assessed by several in vitro tests. Its IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS were 36.3 ± 3.35 µM and 16.6 ± 3.98 µM, respectively, which were all lower than those of VC and BHT. Isogarcinol had no cyctotoxic or promotional activities at 1-10 µM in the CCK-8 assay, and negligible genotoxic effects at 50-500 µM on HepG2 cells by the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Pre-incubation of the cells with 0.5-1.5 µM isogarcinol, before exposure to H2O2, significantly increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Isogarcinol also reduced intercellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, lactate dehydrogenase release and malondialdehyde levels, and increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels. Western-blot analysis revealed that it up-regulated pro-caspase-3 and reduced cleaved caspase-3 during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. All the above results indicate that isogarcinol promises to be useful as a natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Long
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Juren Cen
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China.
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The epigenetic factor PCAF regulates vascular inflammation and is essential for intimal hyperplasia development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185820. [PMID: 29016683 PMCID: PMC5634597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Genetic P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) variation affects restenosis-risk in patients. PCAF has lysine acetyltransferase activity and promotes nuclear factor kappa-beta (NFκB)-mediated inflammation, which drives post-interventional intimal hyperplasia development. We studied the contributing role of PCAF in post-interventional intimal hyperplasia. Methods and results PCAF contribution to inflammation and intimal hyperplasia was assessed in leukocytes, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in vitro and in a mouse model for intimal hyperplasia, in which a cuff is placed around the femoral artery. PCAF deficiency downregulate CCL2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression, as demonstrated on cultured vSMCs, leukocytes and macrophages. PCAF KO mice showed a 71.8% reduction of vSMC-rich intimal hyperplasia, a 73.4% reduction of intima/media ratio and a 63.7% reduction of luminal stenosis after femoral artery cuff placement compared to wild type (WT) mice. The association of PCAF and vascular inflammation was further investigated using the potent natural PCAF inhibitor garcinol. Garcinol treatment reduced CCL2 and TNF-alpha expression, as demonstrated on cultured vSMCs and leukocytes. To assess the effect of garcinol treatment on vascular inflammation we used hypercholesterolemic ApoE*3-Leiden mice. After cuff placement, garcinol treatment resulted in reduced arterial leukocyte and macrophage adherence and infiltration after three days compared to untreated animals. Conclusions These results identify a vital role for the lysine acetyltransferase PCAF in the regulation of local inflammation after arterial injury and likely the subsequent vSMC proliferation, responsible for intimal hyperplasia.
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Behera AK, Swamy MM, Natesh N, Kundu TK. Garcinol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:435-452. [PMID: 27671827 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The various bioactive compounds isolated from leaves and fruits of Garcinia sps plants, have been characterized and experimentally demonstrated to be anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in nature. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, obtained from plant Garcinia indica has been found to be an effective inhibitor of several key regulatory pathways (e.g., NF-kB, STAT3 etc.) in cancer cells, thereby being able to control malignant growth of solid tumours in vivo. Despite its high potential as an anti-neoplastic modulator of several cancer types such as head and neck cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, colon cancer etc., it is still in preclinical stage due to lack of systematic and conclusive evaluation of pharmacological parameters. While it is promising anti-cancer effects are being positively ascertained for therapeutic development, studies on its effectiveness in ameliorating other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, allergy, neurodegenerative diseases etc., though seem favourable, are very recent and require in depth scientific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Behera
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Mahadeva M Swamy
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Nagashayana Natesh
- Central Government Health Scheme Dispensary, No. 3, Basavanagudi, Bangalore, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India.
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Choi SR, Frandsen J, Narayanasamy P. Novel long-chain compounds with both immunomodulatory and MenA inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40077. [PMID: 28071679 PMCID: PMC5223195 DOI: 10.1038/srep40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway is a potential target for evaluating antimicrobials in gram-positive bacteria. Here, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prenyltransferase (MenA) was targeted to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth. MenA inhibiting, long chain-based compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated against MRSA and menaquinone utilizing bacteria in aerobic conditions. The results showed that these bacteria were susceptible to most of the compounds. Menaquinone (MK-4) supplementation rescued MRSA growth, suggesting these compounds inhibit MK biosynthesis. 3a and 7c exhibited promising inhibitory activities with MICs ranging 1-8 μg/mL against MRSA strains. The compounds did not facilitate small colony variant formation. These compounds also inhibited the biofilm growth by MRSA at high concentration. Compounds 3a, 6b and 7c displayed a promising extracellular bactericidal activity against MRSA at concentrations equal to and four-fold less than their respective MICs. We also observed cytokines released from THP-1 macrophages treated with compounds 3a, 6b and 7c and found decreases in TNF-α and IL-6 release and increase in IL-1β. These data provide evidence that MenA inhibitors act as TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors, raising the potential for development and application of these compounds as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Joel Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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Inoue T, Kainuma M, Baba K, Oshiro N, Kimura N, Chan EWC. Garcinia subelliptica Merr. (Fukugi): A multipurpose coastal tree with promising medicinal properties. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:121-127. [PMID: 28163970 PMCID: PMC5289081 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229060034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this short review, the current knowledge on the botany, ecology, uses, and medicinal properties of the multipurpose Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi) is updated. As yet, there are no reviews on this indigenous and heritage coastal tree species of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, which has ethnocultural, ecological, and pharmacological significance. Planted by the Okinawan people some 300 years ago, Fukugi trees serve as windbreaks and accord protection against the destructive typhoons. The species has become a popular ornamental tree, and its bark has been used for dyeing fabrics. It forms part of the food chain for mammals and insects and serves as nesting sites for birds. Endowed with bioactive compounds of benzophenones, xanthones, biflavonoids, and triterpenoids, G. subelliptica possesses anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, trypanocidal, antibacterial, DNA topoisomerase inhibitory, DNA strand scission, choline acetyltransferase enhancing, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitory, and antiandrogenic activities. Fukugetin and fukugiside are two novel biflavonoids named after the species. The chemical constituents of Fukugi fruits when compared with those of mangosteen yielded interesting contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Kainuma
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Karin Baba
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oshiro
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Norimi Kimura
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Boyce JH, Eschenbrenner-Lux V, Porco JA. Syntheses of (+)-30-epi-, (-)-6-epi-, (±)-6,30-epi-13,14-Didehydroxyisogarcinol and (±)-6,30-epi-Garcimultiflorone A Utilizing Highly Diastereoselective, Lewis Acid-Controlled Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14789-14797. [PMID: 27744695 PMCID: PMC5315221 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first syntheses of 13,14-didehydroxyisogarcinol (6) and garcimultiflorone A (5) stereoisomers are reported in six steps from a commercially available phloroglucinol. Lewis acid-controlled, diastereoselective cationic oxycyclizations enabled asymmetric syntheses of (-)-6-epi-6 and (+)-30-epi-6. A similar strategy enabled production of the meso-dervied isomers (±)-6,30-epi-6 and (±)-6,30-epi-5. Finally, a convenient strategy for gram scale synthesis was developed utilizing diastereomer separation at a later stage in the synthesis that minimized the number of necessary synthetic operations to access all possible stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Boyce
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Vincent Eschenbrenner-Lux
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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Machado BAS, Silva RPD, Barreto GDA, Costa SS, da Silva DF, Brandão HN, da Rocha JLC, Dellagostin OA, Henriques JAP, Umsza-Guez MA, Padilha FF. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Extraction and Ethanolic Extraction of Brown, Green and Red Propolis Derived from Different Geographic Regions in Brazil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145954. [PMID: 26745799 PMCID: PMC4706314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The variations in the chemical composition, and consequently, on the biological activity of the propolis, are associated with its type and geographic origin. Considering this fact, this study evaluated propolis extracts obtained by supercritical extraction (SCO2) and ethanolic extraction (EtOH), in eight samples of different types of propolis (red, green and brown), collected from different regions in Brazil. The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), Artepillin C, p-coumaric acid and antimicrobial activity against two bacteria were determined for all extracts. For the EtOH extracts, the anti-proliferative activity regarding the cell lines of B16F10, were also evaluated. Amongst the samples evaluated, the red propolis from the Brazilian Northeast (states of Sergipe and Alagoas) showed the higher biological potential, as well as the larger content of antioxidant compounds. The best results were shown for the extracts obtained through the conventional extraction method (EtOH). However, the highest concentrations of Artepillin C and p-coumaric acid were identified in the extracts from SCO2, indicating a higher selectivity for the extraction of these compounds. It was verified that the composition and biological activity of the Brazilian propolis vary significantly, depending on the type of sample and geographical area of collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Research and Technology, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rejane Pina Dantas Silva
- Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriele de Abreu Barreto
- Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samantha Serra Costa
- Faculty of Technology, SENAI/CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Neves Brandão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Garcinol inhibits tumour cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via NF-κB inhibition in oral cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7175-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Sales L, Pezuk JA, Borges KS, Brassesco MS, Scrideli CA, Tone LG, Santos MHD, Ionta M, Oliveira JCD. Anticancer activity of 7-epiclusianone, a benzophenone from Garcinia brasiliensis, in glioblastoma. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:393. [PMID: 26518729 PMCID: PMC4628319 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system and one of the hardest tumors to treat. Consequently, the search for novel therapeutic options is imperative. 7-epiclusianone, a tetraprenylated benzophenone isolated from the epicarp of the native plant Garcinia brasiliensis, exhibits a range of biological activities but its prospect anticancer activity is underexplored. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of 7-epiclusianone on proliferation, clonogenic capacity, cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis in two glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG and U138MG). METHODS Cell viability was measured by the MTS assay; for the clonogenic assay, colonies were stained with Giemsa and counted by direct visual inspection; For cell cycle analysis, cells were stained with propidium iodide and analyzed by cytometry; Cyclin A expression was determined by immunoblotting; Apoptotic cell death was determined by annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling and Caspase-3 activity in living cells. RESULTS Viability of both cell lines was drastically inhibited; moreover, the colony formation capacity was significantly reduced, demonstrating long-term effects even after removal of the drug. 7-epiclusianone treatment at low concentrations also altered cell cycle progression, decreased the S and G2/M populations and at higher concentrations increased the number of cells at sub-G1, in concordance with the increase of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates for the first time the anticancer potential of 7-epiclusianone against glioblastoma cells, thus meriting its further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Das A, Ghosh I, Mukherjee A. Garcinia indica fruit extract induces genotoxicity in mice. THE NUCLEUS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-015-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Garcinia xanthochymus Benzophenones Promote Hyphal Apoptosis and Potentiate Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015. [PMID: 26195512 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00820-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthochymol and garcinol, isoprenylated benzophenones purified from Garcinia xanthochymus fruits, showed multiple activities against Candida albicans biofilms. Both compounds effectively prevented emergence of fungal germ tubes and were also cytostatic, with MICs of 1 to 3 μM. The compounds therefore inhibited development of hyphae and subsequent biofilm maturation. Xanthochymol treatment of developing and mature biofilms induced cell death. In early biofilm development, killing had the characteristics of apoptosis, including externalization of phosphatidyl serine and DNA fragmentation, as evidenced by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence. These activities resulted in failure of biofilm maturation and hyphal death in mature biofilms. In mature biofilms, xanthochymol and garcinol caused the death of biofilm hyphae, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) of 30 to 50 μM. Additionally, xanthochymol-mediated killing was complementary with fluconazole against mature biofilms, reducing the fluconazole EC50 from >1,024 μg/ml to 13 μg/ml. Therefore, xanthochymol has potential as an adjuvant for antifungal treatments as well as in studies of fungal apoptosis.
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Jamila N, Khan N, Khan I, Khan AA, Khan SN. A bioactive cycloartane triterpene from Garcinia hombroniana. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1388-97. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Jamila
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, 26000 Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, CECOS University, 25000 Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amir Atlas Khan
- Department of Bio-informatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Noor Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Haripur, 22060 Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Garcinol: Current status of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Antitumoural activity of Brazilian red propolis fraction enriched with xanthochymol and formononetin: An in vitro and in vivo study. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gurupadaswamy H, Thirusangu P, Vijay Avin B, Vigneshwaran V, Prashanth Kumar M, Abhishek T, Lakshmi Ranganatha V, Khanum S, Prabhakar B. DAO-9 (2,5-di(4-aryloylaryloxymethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) exhibits p53 induced apoptogenesis through caspase-3 mediated endonuclease activity in murine carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:791-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Lannang AM, Tatsimo SJN, Fouotsa H, Dzoyem JP, Saxena AK, Sewald N. Cytotoxic Compounds from the Leaves ofGarcinia polyantha. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:975-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Biloa Messi B, Ho R, Meli Lannang A, Cressend D, Perron K, Nkengfack AE, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K, Cuendet M. Isolation and biological activity of compounds from Garcinia preussii. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:706-711. [PMID: 24824323 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.865241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants of the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are traditionally used to relieve stomachaches, toothaches, and as a chew stick. OBJECTIVE In order to determine which compounds were responsible for these activities, a phytochemical investigation of the fruits and leaves of Garcinia preussii Engl. was pursued. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plants were extracted by solvents of various polarities. Compounds isolation was then carried out using chromatography methods (medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography, open column and thin-layer chromatography). The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH(•), ABTS(•-), ALP, and ORAC assays. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The cytotoxic activity of most of the isolated compounds was evaluated on a small panel of human cancer cell lines (DU145, HeLa, HT-29, and A431) using the XTT method. RESULTS The phytochemical investigation of G. preussii led to the isolation of eight known compounds, six benzophenones and two flavonoids. These compounds were tested for their biological activities. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 demonstrated a high free radical scavenging activity with ER50 ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The antimicrobial activity was shown only against Gram-positive bacteria for 1, 4, and 5. A moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 ranging from 7 to 50 µM was observed, except for 6 which was not active. CONCLUSION These results appear to support some of the properties reported for Garcinia species.
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Kamal A, Reddy CR, Vishnuvardhan M, Mahesh R, Lakshma Nayak V, Prabhakar S, Reddy CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamido linked benzophenone hybrids as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Biljali S, Nedialkov P, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Kitanov G, Momekova D, Momekov G. Cytotoxic Effects and Multidrug Resistance Modulation by Five Benzophenones and a Xanthone Isolated fromHypericum AnnulatumMoris SUBSP.Annulatum. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2012.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Wu SB, Long C, Kennelly EJ. Structural diversity and bioactivities of natural benzophenones. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1158-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural benzophenones are a class of compounds with more than 300 members, mainly in the Clusiaceae family. We review key benzophenones, and provide an in-depth discussion of their great structural diversity and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Lehman College, and The Graduate Center
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Science
- Minzu Unversity of China
- Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Lehman College, and The Graduate Center
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Zhao H, Wei D, Li M, Du Y. Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:241-246. [PMID: 23790521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are widely used in UV filters, fragrance enhancers, and plastic additives. In this study, the genotoxicity of 14 BPs was tested using the SOS/umu assay, and the related substituent contribution was disclosed. The results of this study revealed that the major contributor to the genotoxicity of the BPs was the ortho,para-di-substitution, and the increasing hydroxy substitution on the benzene ring. In addition, the higher the dispersion of the substituent species on the two benzene rings, the lower the genotoxicity exhibited by the compound. Furthermore, 2 dimensional and 3 dimenional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D- and 3D-QSAR) studies indicated that hydrogen-bond interactions and electrostatic effects were determinants for the genotoxicity of the BPs. The current results provide useful information for the assessment of the potential ecological risk and health effects of BP-type UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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Kumar S, Sharma S, Chattopadhyay SK. The potential health benefit of polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Garcinia and related genera: Ethnobotanical and therapeutic importance. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:86-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Calcineurin (CN), a unique protein phosphatase, plays an important role in immune regulation. In this study we used CN as a target enzyme to investigate the immunosuppressive properties of a series of natural compounds from Garcinia mangostana L., and discovered an active compound, isogarcinol. Enzymatic assays showed that isogarcinol inhibited CN in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity isogarcinol significantly inhibited proliferation of murine spleen T-lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA) and the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, it performed much better in acute toxicity tests and via oral administration in mice than cyclosporin A (CsA), with few adverse reactions and low toxicity in experimental animals. Oral administration of isogarcinol in mice resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and prolonged graft survival in allogeneic skin transplantation. These findings suggest that isogarcinol could serve as a new oral immunomodulatory drug for preventing transplant rejection, and for long-term medication in autoimmune diseases.
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Kuete V, Tchakam PD, Wiench B, Ngameni B, Wabo HK, Tala MF, Moungang ML, Ngadjui BT, Murayama T, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and modes of action of four naturally occuring benzophenones: 2,2',5,6'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, guttiferone E, isogarcinol and isoxanthochymol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:528-536. [PMID: 23507522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of drug-resistant cancer cells drastically reduces the efficacy of many antineoplasic agents and, consequently, increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. Benzophenones are known to display many pharmacological properties including cytotoxic activities. The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity and the modes of action of four naturally occurring benzophenones 2,2',5,6'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (1), isogarcinol (2), isoxanthochymol (3) and guttiferone E (4) on a panel of eleven cancer cell lines including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the compounds was determined using a resazurin reduction assay, whereas the caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activation of caspases 3/7, caspase 8 and caspase 9 in cells treated with compounds 2-4. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and detection of apoptotic cells, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS The four tested benzophenones inhibited the proliferation of all tested cancer cell lines including sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. Collateral sensitivity of cancer cells to compounds 1-4 was generally better than to doxorubicin. Compound 2 showed the best activity with IC50 values below or around 1 μM against HCT116 colon carcinoma cells (p53+/+) (0.86 μM) and leukemia CCRF-CEM (1.38 μM) cell lines. Compounds 2-4 strongly induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases 3/7, caspase 8 and caspase 9 activation and disruption of MMP. CONCLUSIONS The studied benzophenones are cytotoxic compounds that deserve more detailed exploration in the future, to develop novel anticancer drugs against sensitive and otherwise drug-resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Tang W, Pan MH, Sang S, Li S, Ho CT. Garcinol from Garcinia indica: Chemistry and Health Beneficial Effects. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1129.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Tang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Voltammetry Study of an Anti-HIV Compound by means of a Thin Organic Membrane. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/902872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic and square wave voltammetries have been used to study electrochemical behaviour of an anti-HIV agent (Guttiferone A) at the liquid-liquid interface. The thin organic membrane is formed by an organic solvent containing redox probe. Guttiferone A, a benzophenone (BP) with appropriate electrolyte. It is demonstrated that BP possesses three reduction systems due to the redox transformation of the three tautomeric forms that lead to the migration of proton between the hydroxyl group in position 4 and the carbonyl group in positions 2 and 10. The transfer of proton from the aqueous solution to the organic phase is crucial for the redox transformation of BP into the organic membrane. The voltammograms obtained are strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous phase. The electrochemical mechanism consists of 2e−/2H+exchange to form the separate redox compound BPH2.
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Anholeti da Silva MC, Heringer AP, Figueiredo MR, de Paiva SR. SEPARATION OF CLUSIANONE FROM CLUSIA FLUMINENSIS PLANCH. AND TRIANA (CLUSIACEAE) BY HIGH SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY (HSCCC). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.631261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Anholeti da Silva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Alan Patrick Heringer
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Selma Ribeiro de Paiva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
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Tantapakul C, Phakhodee W, Ritthiwigrom T, Cheenpracha S, Prawat U, Deachathai S, Laphookhieo S. Rearranged benzophenones and prenylated xanthones from Garcinia propinqua twigs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1660-1664. [PMID: 22963193 DOI: 10.1021/np300487w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation of Garcinia propinqua has led to the isolation and identification of three new compounds, including two rearranged benzophenones, doitunggarcinones A (1) and B (2), and a xanthone, doitunggarcinone C (3), together with seven known compounds (4-10). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, NMR, and MS. The antibacterial activity of the 10 isolates was evaluated against Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cholpisut Tantapakul
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Ahmad A, Sarkar SH, Aboukameel A, Ali S, Biersack B, Seibt S, Li Y, Bao B, Kong D, Banerjee S, Schobert R, Padhye SB, Sarkar FH. Anticancer action of garcinol in vitro and in vivo is in part mediated through inhibition of STAT-3 signaling. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2450-6. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Tchakam PD, Lunga PK, Kowa TK, Lonfouo AHN, Wabo HK, Tapondjou LA, Tane P, Kuiate JR. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extracts and compounds from the leaves of Psorospermum aurantiacum Engl. and Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:136. [PMID: 22916964 PMCID: PMC3576290 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Psorospermun aurantiacum and Hypericum lanceolatum are plants locally used in Cameroon and other parts of Africa for the treatment of gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections, skin infections, venereal diseases, gastrointestinal disorder, infertility, epilepsy as well as microbial infections. The present study was designed in order to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities of the extracts and isolated compounds from the leaves of these plants. Methods The plant extract was prepared by maceration in ethyl acetate and methanol and fractionated by column chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses in conjunction with literature data. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. The antioxidant potentials of the extracts and their isolated compounds were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging method. Results Five known compounds: physcion (1), 1,8-dihydroxy-3-geranyloxy-6-methylanthraquinone (2), kenganthranol B (3), vismiaquinone (4), and octacosanol (5) were isolated from the leaves of P. aurantiacum while six compounds including friedelin (6), betulinic acid (7), 2,2’,5,6’-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (8), allanxanthone A (9), 1,3,6- trihydroxyxanthone (10) and isogarcinol (11) were isolated from H. lanceolatum. Compound 8 and 4 exhibited the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities with MIC ranges of 2–8 μg/ml and 4–32 μg/ml respectively. P. aurantiacum crude extract (Rsa50 = 6.359 ± 0.101) showed greater radical scavenging activity compared with H. lanceolatum extract (Rsa50 = 30.996 ± 0.879). Compound 11 showed the highest radical scavenging activity (RSa50 = 1.012 ± 0.247) among the isolated compounds, comparable to that of L-arscobic acid (RSa50 = 0.0809 ± 0.045). Conclusions The experimental findings show that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts and isolated compounds from P. aurantiacum and H. lanceolatum stem bark possess significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities justifying the use of these plants in traditional medicine, which may be developed as phytomedicines.
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Ahmad A, Sarkar SH, Bitar B, Ali S, Aboukameel A, Sethi S, Li Y, Bao B, Kong D, Banerjee S, Padhye SB, Sarkar FH. Garcinol regulates EMT and Wnt signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, leading to anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2193-201. [PMID: 22821148 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0232-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer properties of Garcinia indica-derived garcinol are just beginning to be elucidated. We have earlier reported its cancer cell-specific induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells, which was mediated through the downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. To gain further mechanistic insight, here, we show for the first time that garcinol effectively reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), that is, it induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 breast cancer cells. This was associated with upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of mesenchymal markers vimentin, ZEB-1, and ZEB-2. We also found that garcinol upregulates the expression of miR-200 and let-7 family microRNAs (miRNAs), which provides a molecular mechanism for the observed reversal of EMT to MET. Transfection of cells with NF-κB p65 subunit attenuated the effect of garcinol on apoptosis induction through reversal of MET to EMT. Forced transfection of p65 and anti-miR-200s could also reverse the inhibitory effect of garcinol on breast cancer cell invasion. Moreover, treatment with garcinol resulted in increased phosphorylation of β-catenin concomitant with its reduced nuclear localization. The results were also validated in vivo in a xenograft mouse model where garcinol was found to inhibit NF-κB, miRNAs, vimentin, and nuclear β-catenin. These novel findings suggest that the anticancer activity of garcinol against aggressive breast cancer cells is, in part, due to reversal of EMT phenotype, which is mechanistically linked with the deregulation of miR-200s, let-7s, NF-κB, and Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 740 HWCRC Bldg, 4100 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Potential role of garcinol as an anticancer agent. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:647206. [PMID: 22745638 PMCID: PMC3382268 DOI: 10.1155/2012/647206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, is extracted from the rind of the fruit of Garcinia indica, a plant found extensively in tropical regions. Although the fruit has been consumed traditionally over centuries, its biological activities, specifically its anticancer potential is a result of recent scientific investigations. The anticarcinogenic properties of garcinol appear to be moderated via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic activities. In addition, garcinol displays effective epigenetic influence by inhibiting histone acetyltransferases (HAT 300) and by possible posttranscriptional modulation by mi RNA profiles involved in carcinogenesis. In vitro as well as some in vivo studies have shown the potential of this compound against several cancers types including breast, colon, pancreatic, and leukemia. Although this is a promising molecule in terms of its anticancer properties, investigations in relevant animal models, and subsequent human trials are warranted in order to fully appreciate and confirm its chemopreventative and/or therapeutic potential.
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Vinaya K, Kavitha CV, Prasanna DS, Chandrappa S, Ranganatha SR, Raghavan SC, Rangappa KS. Synthesis and antileukemic activity of novel 2-(4-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)phenoxy)-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidin-1-yl)ethanone derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:360-7. [PMID: 22181584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(4-(2,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)phenoxy)-1-(4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl) piperidin-1-yl)ethanone derivatives 9(a-e) and 10(a-g) were synthesized and characterized by (1) H NMR, IR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis. These novel compounds were evaluated for their antileukemic activity against two human leukemic cell lines (K562 and CEM) by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. Some of the tested compounds showed good antiproliferative activity with IC(50) values ranging from 1.6 to 8.0 μm. Compound 9c, 9e, and 10f with an electron-withdrawing halogen substituent at the para position on the phenyl ring showed excellent in vitro potency against tested human leukemia cells (K562 and CEM).
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Almanza GR, Quispe R, Mollinedo P, Rodrigo G, Fukushima O, Villagomez R, Akesson B, Sterner O. Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Polyisoprenylated Benzophenones and Xanthones from Rheedia acuminata. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Rheedia acuminata yielded three benzophenones with antioxidant activity, the new one named acuminophenone A (1), guttiferone K (2) and isoxanthochymol (3), along with the known xanthones formoxanthone C (4) and macluraxanthone (5). The structures were established through interpretation of their spectroscopic data, the stereochemistry of compounds (1) and (2) were resolved by experimental and computational experiments and their antioxidant activities were measured using the DPPH, ABTS and TEAC assays. The antioxidant results showed that metabolites 1, 4 and 5 had a better antioxidant activity than the reference compound quercetin. In addition, we evaluate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the CH2Cl2 extract as well as of the free radical scavenger compounds 1, 4 and 5 by the AMES Salmonella/microsomal test. No mutagenicity was found in the CH2Cl2 extract using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1537 and TA1538, with or without S9 metabolic activation. The pure compounds neither showed mutagenicity in TA 102 strain and the most important result was the strong reduction of mutagenic effect induced by hydrogen peroxide in S. typhimurium TA 102, with or without S9, showed by the compounds 1 (more than 93%) and 4 (more than 88%) at 0.02 μg/plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna R. Almanza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, CP 303, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Raúl Quispe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, CP 303, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Patricia Mollinedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, CP 303, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gloria Rodrigo
- Department of Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Odette Fukushima
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Biotecnologia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rodrigo Villagomez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, CP 303, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Akesson
- Department of Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olov Sterner
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Baliga MS, Bhat HP, Pai RJ, Boloor R, Palatty PL. The chemistry and medicinal uses of the underutilized Indian fruit tree Garcinia indica Choisy (kokum): A review. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pardo-Andreu GL, Nuñez-Figueredo Y, Tudella VG, Cuesta-Rubio O, Rodrigues FP, Pestana CR, Uyemura SA, Leopoldino AM, Alberici LC, Curti C. The anti-cancer agent guttiferone-A permeabilizes mitochondrial membrane: ensuing energetic and oxidative stress implications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:282-9. [PMID: 21549140 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guttiferone-A (GA) is a natural occurring polyisoprenylated benzophenone with cytotoxic action in vitro and anti-tumor action in rodent models. We addressed a potential involvement of mitochondria in GA toxicity (1-25 μM) toward cancer cells by employing both hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cells and succinate-energized mitochondria, isolated from rat liver. In HepG2 cells GA decreased viability, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, depleted ATP and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In isolated rat-liver mitochondria GA promoted membrane fluidity increase, cyclosporine A/EGTA-insensitive membrane permeabilization, uncoupling (membrane potential dissipation/state 4 respiration rate increase), Ca²⁺ efflux, ATP depletion, NAD(P)H depletion/oxidation and ROS levels increase. All effects in cells, except mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, as well as NADPH depletion/oxidation and permeabilization in isolated mitochondria, were partly prevented by the a NAD(P)H regenerating substrate isocitrate. The results suggest the following sequence of events: 1) GA interaction with mitochondrial membrane promoting its permeabilization; 2) mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation; 3) NAD(P)H oxidation/depletion due to inability of membrane potential-sensitive NADP+ transhydrogenase of sustaining its reduced state; 4) ROS accumulation inside mitochondria and cells; 5) additional mitochondrial membrane permeabilization due to ROS; and 6) ATP depletion. These GA actions are potentially implicated in the well-documented anti-cancer property of GA/structure related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto L Pardo-Andreu
- Centro de Estudio para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, Ave. 23 # 21425 e/214 and 222, La Coronela, La Lisa, CP 13600, Ciudad Habana, Cuba.
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