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Tao Y, Deng Y, Wang P. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing methods and quality control of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116954. [PMID: 37499843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dried root tubers of L.aggregata have been widely used in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years to promote qi, relieve pain, warm kidney, and disperse cold. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to assess the research progress of L.aggregata, to comprehensively understand its development status, to point out the shortcomings of the existing researches, and to provide reference for further research on L.aggregata. MATERIALS AND METHODS By searching various databases for literatures on "Lindera aggregata", "Linderae Radix" and "Lindera strychnifolia", as well as relevant textbooks and digital documents, an overall and critical review of the subject was conducted. RESULTS Through phytochemical studies on different parts of L.aggregata, about 260 compounds were isolated, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, volatile oils, and other compounds. A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that L.aggregata has a plethora of pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-arthritis, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic nephropathy, hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering effect and so on. CONCLUSION While the pharmacological effects of L.aggregata have been confirmed, most studies only use simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease models to evaluate their pharmacological activities. Therefore, future research should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner. Further pharmacological research is also necessary to fully clarify the action mechanism of L.aggregata. It is also interesting to note that L.aggregata is often used to treat frequent urination in ancient times, but its molecular basis and mechanism of action are still unclear, and systematic studies are lacking. In terms of quality control, the source of L.aggregata is single, mostly wild, and the main medicinal part of L.aggregata is the tuber, while the yield of straight root is large. Therefore, further attention should be paid to the rapid propagation technology of L.aggregata and whether straight root can be included in medicinal use. It is also worth thinking whether sulfur-fumigation is necessary for preserving L.aggregata. As vinegar-processing is a common processing method for L. aggregata, the mechanism of such processing method remains to be investigated. In addition, in-depth research on the pharmacokinetics and long-term toxicity of L.aggregata is necessary to ensure its efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Yuling Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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Possible Repositioning of an Oral Anti-Osteoporotic Drug, Ipriflavone, for Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis via Inhibitory Activity of KIAA1199, a Novel Potent Hyaluronidase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084089. [PMID: 35456905 PMCID: PMC9030858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KIAA1199 has a strong hyaluronidase activity in inflammatory arthritis. This study aimed to identify a drug that could reduce KIAA1199 activity and clarify its effects on inflammatory arthritis. Rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells were strongly stained with Alcian blue (AB). Its stainability was reduced in RCS cells, which were over-expressed with the KIAA1199 gene (RCS-KIAA). We screened the drugs that restore the AB stainability in RCS-KIAA. The effects of the drug were evaluated by particle exclusion assay, HA ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. We further evaluated the HA accumulation and the MMP1 and three expressions in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). In vivo, the effects of the drug on symptoms and serum concentration of HA in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse were evaluated. Ipriflavone was identified to restore AB stainability at 23%. Extracellular matrix formation was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (p = 0.006). Ipriflavone increased the HA accumulation and suppressed the MMP1 and MMP3 expression on TNF-α stimulated FLS. In vivo, Ipriflavone significantly improved the symptoms and reduced the serum concentrations of HA. Conclusions: We identified Ipriflavone, which has inhibitory effects on KIAA1199 activity. Ipriflavone may be a therapeutic candidate based on its reduction of KIAA1199 activity in inflammatory arthritis.
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Hoshino‐Negishi K, Ohkuro M, Nakatani T, Kuboi Y, Nishimura M, Ida Y, Kakuta J, Hamaguchi A, Kumai M, Kamisako T, Sugiyama F, Ikeda W, Ishii N, Yasuda N, Imai T. Role of Anti‐Fractalkine Antibody in Suppression of Joint Destruction by Inhibiting Migration of Osteoclast Precursors to the Synovium in Experimental Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:222-231. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Ida
- KAN Research Institute, Inc. Kobe Japan
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Xu M, Guo Q, Wang S, Wang N, Wei L, Wang J. Anti-rheumatoid arthritic effects of Saussurea involucrata on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:763-70. [PMID: 26508519 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saussurea involucrata (SI) has long been used under the herbal name "snow lotus" for treatment of inflammation and pain-related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of SI on collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis in rats. Rats with collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis were orally administered SI (420 mg kg(-1)) for 40 consecutive days. Histopathological examination indicated that SI alleviates infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia and slows joint destruction. SI intervention reduced the serum levels of RF, COMP, CRP and anti-CII IgG. Results also showed that SI is a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating the severity of the disease based on the reduced arthritic index. It was concluded that SI can ameliorate inflammation and joint destruction in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qianying Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuangjia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- R&D Center of TIENS Ltd, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liren Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. and Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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The Extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3915013. [PMID: 27840652 PMCID: PMC5093284 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3915013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) has been used for beverage or tea and also as folk medicine for the remedy of diverse inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of CZ on arthritis remains to be unknown. In this paper we aim to investigate the CZ's antiarthritic effect and mechanism of action both in vitro and in vivo. To assess CZ's antiarthritic effect, mouse models of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used. Mice were used to gauge clinical arthritis index and histopathological changes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and other biological methods were adopted to measure CZ's effect on arthritis and to understand the veiled mechanism of action. CZ greatly suppressed CIA, histopathological score, bone erosion, and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, CZ inhibited the production of various inflammatory and arthritic mediators like inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and chemokines. Of note, CZ significantly suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo. CZ exerted an antiarthritic effect in CIA mice by curbing the production of crucial inflammatory and arthritis mediators. This study warrants further investigation of CZ for the use in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Preparation and drug release properties of norisoboldine-loaded chitosan microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Matsumoto T, Takahashi N, Kojima T, Yoshioka Y, Ishikawa J, Furukawa K, Ono K, Sawada M, Ishiguro N, Yamamoto A. Soluble Siglec-9 suppresses arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model and inhibits M1 activation of RAW264.7 macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:133. [PMID: 27267914 PMCID: PMC4897938 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effects of soluble sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (sSiglec)-9 on joint inflammation and destruction in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and in monolayer cultures of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods DBA/1J mice were immunized with type II collagen. Effects of sSiglec-9 were evaluated using a physiologic arthritis score, histological analysis, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration, and the proportion of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vivo biofluorescence imaging was used to assess the distribution of sSiglec-9. Levels of M1 (TNF-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase) and M2 (CD206, Arginase-1, and IL-10) macrophage markers and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules were examined in macrophages, and levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were examined in FLS. Results sSiglec-9 significantly suppressed the clinical and histological incidence and severity of arthritis. The proportion of Foxp3-positive Treg cells significantly improved and serum TNF-α concentration decreased in vivo. Although sSiglec-9 reduced the expression of M1 markers in macrophages, it did not affect the expression of M2 markers and MMPs in FLS. Nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65 phosphorylation was attenuated by sSiglec-9, and chemical blockade of the NF-kB pathway reduced M1 marker expression in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions In this study, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of sSiglec-9 in a murine CIA model. The mechanism underlying these effects involves the suppression of M1 proinflammatory macrophages by inhibiting the NF-kB pathway. sSiglec-9 may provide a novel therapeutic option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobunori Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Toshihisa Kojima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Ishikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Protective Care for Masticatory Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Ono
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Sawada
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Protective Care for Masticatory Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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Xu W, Huang M, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng H, Yu L, Chu K. Extracts of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. inhibit NF-<kappa>B-signaling in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis and primary synovial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:140-146. [PMID: 26988564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. is used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat arthritis, especially has been used a long time ago on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in She ethnic minority group. AIM OF THE RESEARCH To investigate the anti-RA effect of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth ethyl acetate extract (BCBEE) and the molecular bases of it. MATERIALS AND METHODS BCBEE was studied on a rat model of RA induced by Ⅱcollagen in vivo, as well as on primary synovial cells in vitro. RESULTS After BCBEE treatment, in vivo, it was showed that paw and joint edema was inhibited, pathological joint changes was ameliorated and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-<alpha>(TNF-α) was decreased significantly. The protein and mRNA expressions of nuclear factor-<kappa>B (NF-κB)(p65), IκB, p-IκB and IκB kinase beta (IκKβ) were also down-regulated. Moreover, the in vitro study revealed that BCBEE treatment inhibited primary synovial cells proliferation, and promoted down-regulation of NF-κB(p65), IκB, p-IκB and IκKβ. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study demonstrates that BCBEE produces a protection in a rat model of RA induced by Ⅱcollagen via inhibiting paw and joint edema, ameliorating pathological joint changes and regulating the levels of cytokines and its action mechanism maybe is via down-regulating NF-κB(p65), IκB, p-IκB and IκKβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huang Li
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- Integrative Medicine College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kedan Chu
- Pharmacy College of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Xu W, Huang M, Zhang Y, Li H, Zheng H, Yu L, Chu K, Lin Y, Chen L. Extracts of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. attenuate the inflammatory response in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4167-74. [PMID: 27035125 PMCID: PMC4838166 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a serious public health problem, which is commonly treated with traditional Chinese or herbal medicine. The present study evaluated the effects of Bauhinia championii (Benth.) Benth. extraction (BCBE) on a type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Wistar rats with CIA received either 125 or 500 mg/kg BCBE, after which, paw swelling was markedly suppressed compared with in the model group. In addition, BCBE significantly ameliorated pathological joint alterations, including synovial hyperplasia, and cartilage and bone destruction. The protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB in synovial tissue were determined by immunohistochemical staining, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of these factors were significantly downregulated in the BCBE-treated group compared with in the model group. These results indicated that BCBE may exert an inhibitory effect on the CIA rat model, and its therapeutic potential is associated with its anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Haiyin Zheng
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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The Effects of Platycodin D, a Saponin Purified from Platycodi Radix, on Collagen-Induced DBA/1J Mouse Rheumatoid Arthritis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:954508. [PMID: 24511322 PMCID: PMC3913383 DOI: 10.1155/2014/954508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The object of this study is to observe the effects of platycodin D, a saponin purified from Platycodi Radix, on mice collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). A daily dose of 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg platycodin D was administered orally to male DBA/1J mice for 40 days after initial collagen immunization. To ascertain the effects administering the collagen booster, CIA-related features (including body weight, poly-arthritis, knee and paw thickness, and paw weight increase) was measured from histopathological changes in the spleen, left popliteal lymph node, third digit, and the knee joint regions. CIA-related bone and cartilage damage improved significantly in the platycodin D-administered CIA mice. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the paw were reduced in platycodin D-treated CIA mice compared to CIA control groups. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the platycodin D group. Finally, the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, was suppressed by treatment with platycodin D. Taken together, these results suggest that platycodin D is a promising new effective antirheumatoid arthritis agent, exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects in CIA mice.
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Sohn KC, Kang SJ, Kim JW, Kim KY, Ku SK, Lee YJ. Effects of Calcium Gluconate, a Water Soluble Calcium Salt on the Collagen-Induced DBA/1J Mice Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:290-8. [PMID: 24244814 PMCID: PMC3819902 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of calcium (Ca) gluconate on collagen-induced DBA mouse rheumatoid arthritis (CIA). A single daily dose of 200, 100 or 50 mg/kg Ca gluconate was administered orally to male DBA/1J mice for 40 days after initial collagen immunization. To ascertain the effects administering the collagen booster, CIA-related features (including body weight, poly-arthritis, knee and paw thickness, and paw weight increase) were measured from histopathological changes in the spleen, left popliteal lymph node, third digit and the knee joint regions. CIA-related bone and cartilage damage improved significantly in the Ca gluconate- administered CIA mice. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in the paw were reduced in Ca gluconate-treated CIA mice compared to CIA control groups. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress, decreased in a dosedependent manner in the Ca gluconate group. Finally, the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, were suppressed by treatment with Ca gluconate. Taken together, these results suggest that Ca gluconate is a promising candidate anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effects in CIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheul Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 705-718
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Yoshioka Y, Kozawa E, Urakawa H, Arai E, Futamura N, Zhuo L, Kimata K, Ishiguro N, Nishida Y. Suppression of Hyaluronan Synthesis Alleviates Inflammatory Responses in Murine Arthritis and in Human Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1160-70. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li L, Liu C, Liu M, Shi L, Liu Q, Guan H, Li P. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 706:36-40. [PMID: 23510744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences have suggested that the paucity of the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Apoptosis induction of rheumatoid arthritis FLS is therefore suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for rheumatoid arthritis. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid, could favorably ameliorate the progression development and bone destruction of adjuvant arthritis in rat. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible effect of TCDCA on apoptosis induction of adjuvant arthritis FLS and the mechanisms involved in this process. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Gene expression levels and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were evaluated using real time RT-PCR and luminogenic substrates. The activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was measured by ELISA. The results showed TCDCA significantly enhanced the apoptosis of adjuvant arthritis FLS in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, TCDCA treatment markedly increased the gene expression level and activity of both caspase-3 and caspase-8. It could suppress the DNA-biding activity of NF-κB. We concluded TCDCA represented an apoptotic effect on adjuvant arthritis FLS via the activation of caspase cascade and this process may be mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway. It was suggested that TCDCA may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Chen Z, Tu S, Hu Y, Wang Y, Xia Y, Jiang Y. Prediction of response of collagen-induced arthritis rats to methotrexate: An 1H-NMR-based urine metabolomic analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:438-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kim HS, Kim AR, Lee JM, Kim SN, Choi JH, Kim DK, Kim JH, Kim B, Her E, Yang YM, Kim HS, Kim YM, Choi WS. A mixture of Trachelospermi caulis and Moutan cortex radicis extracts suppresses collagen-induced arthritis in mice by inhibiting NF-κB and AP-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:420-9. [PMID: 22309274 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the anti-arthritis effect and its mechanism of a combination of herbal extracts from Trachelospermi caulis (TC) and Moutan cortex radicis (MC) (TCMC). METHODS The anti-arthritis activity of TCMC was assessed using a mouse model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and other biological assays were performed. KEY FINDINGS TCMC significantly ameliorated various inflammatory parameters, such as clinical arthritis index, histological deformation of joints, serum levels of rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, serum amyloid P and anti-collagen type II IgG antibody), and Th1-related responses (T cell proliferation, and production of Interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 in splenocytes isolated from CIA mice). The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted) was suppressed by TCMC in CIA mice. In addition, the number of osteoclasts in the hind tibia was significantly decreased. With regard to the mechanism, TCMC suppressed the activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1. CONCLUSIONS TCMC exerts an anti-arthritis effect in CIA mice by suppression of the production of various inflammatory factors and the formation of osteoclasts through the inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- College of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Liu M, Mao W, Guan H, Li L, Wei B, Li P. Effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2150-8. [PMID: 21983642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects and potential mechanism of TCDCA on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Paw swelling, index of thymus and spleen and body weight growth rate were measured, and polyarthritis index and radiologic changes were observed. The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was detected by ELISA in serum and synoviocytes. mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR in synovium tissue and synoviocytes. In both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, TCDCA significantly suppressed paw swelling and polyarthritis index, increased the loss body weight and index of thymus and spleen, and amended radiologic changes in AA rats. The overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were remarkably suppressed in serum and synovium tissue of all TCDCA-treated rats, however, IL-10 was markedly increased in prophylactic treatment. In a definite concentration ranging from 300 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL, TCDCA showed marked inhibition in the overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in synoviocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, but opposite action on IL-10. In conclusion, treatment with TCDCA confers a good anti-adjuvant arthritis activity in rats, which its reparative effects could be mediated via reduction of the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augment of IL-10 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Kim HS, Kim AR, Park HJ, Park DK, Kim DK, Ko NY, Kim B, Choi DK, Won HS, Shin WS, Kim YM, Choi WS. Morus bombycis Koidzumi extract suppresses collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 136:392-398. [PMID: 21251971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus bombycis Koidzumi is widely distributed in Asia. In Korea, it has been used in traditional medicine because of its apparent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY Although the extract of Morus bombycis Koidzumi (MB) has long since been used as a traditional anti-inflammatory medicine in Korea, its effect on arthritis remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the anti-arthritis activity of MB and the mechanism underlying it. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-arthritis activity of MB was assessed by using mouse models of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The clinical arthritis index and histopathological changes were evaluated in mice. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and other biologic approaches were used for measuring the effect of MB on arthritis and understanding the underlying mechanism. RESULTS MB significantly decreased the clinical arthritis index in CIA mice; this was confirmed by examining histological changes in joints. Infiltration of immune cells, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion in the hind paw were largely suppressed by MB. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/MMP-3, inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6), and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, RANTES) were significantly suppressed by MB in a dose-dependent manner. The number of osteoclasts in the hind tibia was also significantly decreased. With regard to the mechanism, MB suppressed the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 in CIA mice. CONCLUSIONS MB produced an anti-arthritis effect in CIA mice by inhibiting the production of critical inflammatory mediators and osteoclasts through the downregulation of NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Evaluation of inflammatory change and bone erosion using a murine type II collagen-induced arthritis model. Rheumatol Int 2010; 31:595-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mun SH, Kim HS, Kim JW, Ko NY, Kim DK, Lee BY, Kim B, Won HS, Shin HS, Han JW, Lee HY, Kim YM, Choi WS. Oral administration of curcumin suppresses production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis: inhibition of the PKCdelta/JNK/c-Jun pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:13-21. [PMID: 19763044 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09134fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether oral administration of curcumin suppressed type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and its effect and mechanism on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 production in CIA mice, RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and chondrocytes. CIA in mice was suppressed by oral administration of curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. Macroscopic observations were confirmed by histological examinations. Histological changes including infiltration of immune cells, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion in the hind paw sections were extensively suppressed by curcumin. The histological scores were consistent with clinical arthritis indexes. Production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were inhibited by curcumin in CIA hind paw sections and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated FLS and chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner. As for the mechanism, curcumin inhibited activating phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) in CIA, FLS, and chondrocytes. Curcumin also suppressed the JNK and c-Jun activation in those cells. This study suggests that the suppression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 production by curcumin in CIA is mediated through the inhibition of PKCdelta and the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Mun
- College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Korea
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Park JH, Lee JM, Kim SN, Lee SH, Jun SH, You JH, Ahn KS, Kang H. Treatment with SI000413, a new herbal formula, ameliorates murine collagen-induced arthritis. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1337-42. [PMID: 18591771 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the effects of SI000413, a new formula, consisting of Pyrolae herba and Trachelospermi caulis, on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunization with bovine type II collagen (CII) on days 1 and 21. SI000413 was orally administered 3 times per week throughout the experiment and indomethacin was served as a positive control. Clinical scores, the count of arthritic legs, levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and anti-CII antibody, and lymphocyte subsets in blood were examined. SI000413 suppressed CIA development in a dose dependent manner and reduced the incidence of arthritic legs in mice. Histological analysis showed administration of SI000413 reduced inflammatory signs and cartilage destruction. Serum levels of IL-6 and anti-CII antibody were significantly decreased in SI000413-treated mice and the percentages of CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell and B cell in blood were restored to normal levels. In conclusion, we demonstrate that SI000413 ameliorates CIA both clinically and histologically and inhibits the production of anti-CII antibody and pro-inflammatory cytokine in the CIA mouse. These findings suggest that SI000413 is a potential new therapeutic herbal formula for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hun Park
- Life Science RD Center, Sinil Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Liu M, Dai Y, Yao X, Li Y, Luo Y, Xia Y, Gong Z. Anti-rheumatoid arthritic effect of madecassoside on type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1561-6. [PMID: 18652917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Madecassoside is the highest amount of triterpene constituent in Centella asiatica herbs, a frequently prescribed crude drug in southeastern Asian and China for wound healing and scar management. The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of madecassoside on collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Madecassoside (10, 20 and 40mg/kg), orally administered from the day of the antigen challenge for twenty consecutive days, dose-dependently alleviated the severity of the disease based on the reduced clinical scores, and elevated the body weights of mice. Histopathological examination indicated that madecassoside alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia as well as protected joint destruction. Moreover, madecassoside reduced the serum level of anti-CII IgG, suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity against CII in ears, and moderately suppress CII-stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes from popliteal lymph nodes in CIA mice. In vitro, madecassoside was ineffective in the activation of macrophages caused by lipopolysaccharide. It was concluded that madecassoside substantially prevented mouse CIA, and might be the major active constituent of C. asiatica herbs responsible for clinical uses for rheumatoid arthritis. The underlying mechanisms of action may be mainly through regulating the abnormal humoral and cellular immunity as well as protecting joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of China Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China
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Wang C, Dai Y, Yang J, Chou G, Wang C, Wang Z. Treatment with total alkaloids from Radix Linderae reduces inflammation and joint destruction in type II collagen-induced model for rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:322-8. [PMID: 17204385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Radix Linderae, the dry roots of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm., is frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine. It contains alkaloids, volatile oils and sesquiterpene esters. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of the total alkaloids from Radix Linderae (TARL) on collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. TARL (50, 100 and 200mg/kg), orally administered on the same day of an antigen challenge for 20 consecutive days, alleviated disease severity in a dose-dependent manner but did not significantly affect body weights. The TARL treatment reduced the serum level of anti-CII IgG and suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity evaluated by its effect against CII-induced ear swelling. TARL also protected joint destruction based on the evidence of reducing the histopathological scores. Furthermore, TARL suppressed CII- and concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in popliteal lymph nodes, where are close to the affected joints in CIA. These data suggest that TARL is a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis that suppresses inflammation and protects joints from destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China
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Matsumoto A, Mizukami H, Mizuno S, Umegaki K, Nishikawa JI, Shudo K, Kagechika H, Inoue M. beta-Cryptoxanthin, a novel natural RAR ligand, induces ATP-binding cassette transporters in macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:256-64. [PMID: 17521617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite its serious adverse effects, recent accumulating evidence suggests that a physiological retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), exhibits preventive effects on atherogenesis. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore novel natural RAR ligands with anti-atherogenic effects in order to identify and develop a drug without severe side effects. Among xanthophylls and carotenoids studied, beta-cryptoxanthin and lutein exhibited RAR ligand activity in yeast two-hybrid system that was found to be completely abolished by the RAR pan-antagonist LE540. Furthermore, these molecules can bind the RAR ligand-binding domain in the CoA-BAP system but not RXR ligand-binding domain. These results indicate that both beta-cryptoxanthin and lutein serve as ligands for RAR, but not RXR, although their binding affinity was three orders of magnitude lower than that of atRA. Additionally, when applied to macrophages, beta-cryptoxanthin indeed was found to induce the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1 mRNAs, which exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by preventing cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages. The induction of ABCA1 proteins by beta-cryptoxanthin as well as atRA was abrogated by LE540. In summary, beta-cryptoxanthin appears to be more an efficient provitamin A source than other carotenoids and xanthophylls including beta-carotene, since beta-cryptoxanthin can act not only as a RAR agonist but also a source of vitamin A. Taking into account that the pharmacodynamics difference between beta-cryptoxanthin and atRA, beta-cryptoxanthin appears to exert beneficial effects on atherogenesis through RAR activation in the manner different from atRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Han SB, Lee CW, Yoon YD, Lee JH, Kang JS, Lee KH, Yoon WK, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Prevention of arthritic inflammation using an oriental herbal combination BDX-1 isolated from Achyranthes bidentata and Atractylodes japonica. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 28:902-8. [PMID: 16178415 DOI: 10.1007/bf02973875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oriental herbal combination (BDX-1) was isolated from Achyranthes bidentata and Atractylodes japonica. We previously tested the clinical effectiveness of BDX-1 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and found that it has a beneficial therapeutic effect. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the effectiveness of BDX-1 on RA in murine models. The oral administration of BDX-1 was found to markedly inhibit collagen-induced arthritis, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and zymosan-induced inflammation. It also inhibited carrageenan-induced acute edema and acetic acid-induced writhing response. In addition, the biological activity of BDX-1 was found to be strongly increased by fermentation. Our results suggest that BDX-1 could be useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Acetic Acid
- Achyranthes/chemistry
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Carrageenan
- Collagen
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/prevention & control
- Female
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Zymosan
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bae Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, Korea
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