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Kim JE, Park SG, Ka DB, Kim EK, Cho SM, Kim HR, Lee MN, Choi KC, Yoon WK, Nam KH. Phf7 has impacts on the body growth and bone remodeling by regulating testicular hormones in male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149596. [PMID: 38430697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PHD finger protein 7 (Phf7) is a member of the PHF family proteins, which plays important roles in spermiogenesis. Phf7 is expressed in the adult testes and its deficiency causes male infertility. In this study, we tried to find the causal relationship between Phf7 deficiency and reduced growth retardation which were found in null knock-out (Phf7-/-) mice. Phf7-/- mice were born normally in the Mendelian ratio. However, the Phf7-/- males showed decreased body weight gain, bone mineral density, and bone mineral content compared to those in wild-type (WT) mice. Histological analysis for tibia revealed increased number of osteoclast cells in Phf7-/- mice compared with that in WT mice. When we analyzed the expressions for marker genes for the initial stage of osteoclastogenesis, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (Rank) in tibia, there was no difference in the mRNA levels between Phf7-/- and WT mice. However, the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap), a mature stage marker gene, was significantly higher in Phf7-/- mice than in WT mice. In addition, the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), more potent and active form of testosterone, were significantly reduced in the testes of Phf7-/- mice compared to those in WT mice. Furthermore, testicular mRNA levels for steroidogenesis marker genes, namely Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1 and 17β-hsd, were significantly lower in Phf7-/- mice than in WT mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that Phf7 deficiency reduces the production of male sex hormones and thereby impairs associated bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Ka
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Cho
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Rim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ni Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea.
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Woo SH, Kyung D, Lee SH, Park KS, Kim M, Kim K, Kwon HJ, Won YS, Choi I, Park YJ, Go DM, Oh JS, Yoon WK, Paik SS, Kim JH, Kim YH, Choi JH, Kim DY. TXNIP Suppresses the Osteochondrogenic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2023; 132:52-71. [PMID: 36448450 PMCID: PMC9829043 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The osteochondrogenic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a pivotal cellular process in atherosclerotic calcification. However, the exact molecular mechanism of the osteochondrogenic transition of VSMCs remains to be elucidated. Here, we explore the regulatory role of TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) in the phenotypical transitioning of VSMCs toward osteochondrogenic cells responsible for atherosclerotic calcification. METHODS The atherosclerotic phenotypes of Txnip-/- mice were analyzed in combination with single-cell RNA-sequencing. The atherosclerotic phenotypes of Tagln-Cre; Txnipflox/flox mice (smooth muscle cell-specific Txnip ablation model), and the mice transplanted with the bone marrow of Txnip-/- mice were analyzed. Public single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE159677) was reanalyzed to define the gene expression of TXNIP in human calcified atherosclerotic plaques. The effect of TXNIP suppression on the osteochondrogenic phenotypic changes in primary aortic VSMCs was analyzed. RESULTS Atherosclerotic lesions of Txnip-/- mice presented significantly increased calcification and deposition of collagen content. Subsequent single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identified the modulated VSMC and osteochondrogenic clusters, which were VSMC-derived populations. The osteochondrogenic cluster was markedly expanded in Txnip-/- mice. The pathway analysis of the VSMC-derived cells revealed enrichment of bone- and cartilage-formation-related pathways and bone morphogenetic protein signaling in Txnip-/- mice. Reanalyzing public single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset revealed that TXNIP was downregulated in the modulated VSMC and osteochondrogenic clusters of human calcified atherosclerotic lesions. Tagln-Cre; Txnipflox/flox mice recapitulated the calcification and collagen-rich atherosclerotic phenotypes of Txnip-/- mice, whereas the hematopoietic deficiency of TXNIP did not affect the lesion phenotype. Suppression of TXNIP in cultured VSMCs accelerates osteodifferentiation and upregulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Treatment with the bone morphogenetic protein signaling inhibitor K02288 abrogated the effect of TXNIP suppression on osteodifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TXNIP is a novel regulator of atherosclerotic calcification by suppressing bone morphogenetic protein signaling to inhibit the transition of VSMCs toward an osteochondrogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea (S.-H.W., D.-M.G., J.-S.O., D.-Y.K.)
| | - Dongsoo Kyung
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea (D.K.)
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (S.H.L., K.S.P., M.K., K.K., J.-H.C.)
| | - Kyu Seong Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (S.H.L., K.S.P., M.K., K.K., J.-H.C.)
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (S.H.L., K.S.P., M.K., K.K., J.-H.C.)
| | - Kibyeong Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (S.H.L., K.S.P., M.K., K.K., J.-H.C.)
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (H.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea (Y.-S.W., W.K.Y.)
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea (I.C.)
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Enviornmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea (Y.-J.P.)
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea (S.-H.W., D.-M.G., J.-S.O., D.-Y.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seop Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea (S.-H.W., D.-M.G., J.-S.O., D.-Y.K.)
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea (Y.-S.W., W.K.Y.)
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (S.S.P., J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul, Korea (S.S.P., J.H.K.)
| | - Yong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Institute of Women’s Health, College of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea (S.H.L., K.S.P., M.K., K.K., J.-H.C.)
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea (S.-H.W., D.-M.G., J.-S.O., D.-Y.K.)
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Lee SH, Kim N, Kim M, Woo SH, Han I, Park J, Kim K, Park KS, Kim K, Shim D, Park SE, Zhang JY, Go DM, Kim DY, Yoon WK, Lee SP, Chung J, Kim KW, Park JH, Lee SH, Lee S, Ann SJ, Lee SH, Ahn HS, Jeong SC, Kim TK, Oh GT, Park WY, Lee HO, Choi JH. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal cellular diversity of aortic valve and the immunomodulation by PPARγ during hyperlipidemia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5461. [PMID: 36115863 PMCID: PMC9482653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular inflammation triggered by hyperlipidemia has been considered as an important initial process of aortic valve disease; however, cellular and molecular evidence remains unclear. Here, we assess the relationship between plasma lipids and valvular inflammation, and identify association of low-density lipoprotein with increased valvular lipid and macrophage accumulation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals the cellular heterogeneity of leukocytes, valvular interstitial cells, and valvular endothelial cells, and their phenotypic changes during hyperlipidemia leading to recruitment of monocyte-derived MHC-IIhi macrophages. Interestingly, we find activated PPARγ pathway in Cd36+ valvular endothelial cells increased in hyperlipidemic mice, and the conservation of PPARγ activation in non-calcified human aortic valves. While the PPARγ inhibition promotes inflammation, PPARγ activation using pioglitazone reduces valvular inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice. These results show that low-density lipoprotein is the main lipoprotein accumulated in the aortic valve during hyperlipidemia, leading to early-stage aortic valve disease, and PPARγ activation protects the aortic valve against inflammation. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the early inflammatory phase of aortic valve disease is crucial for disease prevention. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing to show the immunomodulatory role of PPARγ in valvular endothelial cells during hyperlipidemia.
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Kim SW, Shin HJ, Park SH, Lee TC, Lee HJ, Moon OS, Nam KH, Yoon WK, Kim HC, Kwon HJ, Won YS. Microbiological survey of Korean mouse facilities from 2014 to 2019. Exp Anim 2021; 71:109-115. [PMID: 34707028 PMCID: PMC8828403 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed mouse microbiological contamination rates by testing rates for common contaminants using serological, culture, and parasitological methods. A total of 21,292 experimentally
housed mice from 206 animal facilities, including hospitals, universities, companies, and research institutes, were tested over a 6-year period from 2014 to 2019. The most commonly found
contaminants were various species of nonpathogenic protozoa (47.2%). The most common pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), Pasteurella
pneumotropica (12.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.8%). Mouse hepatitis virus (6.1%) was detected, but no other viral or bacterial pathogens were found. These
results establish that the main pathogens that currently contaminate mouse facilities in Korea are opportunistic pathogens and that contamination with important pathogens, such as those in
Categories B or C, has decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Hi Jo Shin
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Se Hee Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Teak Chang Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Hae Jin Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Ok Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Ki Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Hyoung Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
| | - Hyo Jung Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Young Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute for Biology and Biotechnology
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Kim K, Shim D, Lee JS, Zaitsev K, Williams JW, Kim KW, Jang MY, Seok Jang H, Yun TJ, Lee SH, Yoon WK, Prat A, Seidah NG, Choi J, Lee SP, Yoon SH, Nam JW, Seong JK, Oh GT, Randolph GJ, Artyomov MN, Cheong C, Choi JH. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Nonfoamy Rather Than Foamy Plaque Macrophages Are Proinflammatory in Atherosclerotic Murine Models. Circ Res 2019; 123:1127-1142. [PMID: 30359200 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monocyte infiltration into the subintimal space and its intracellular lipid accumulation are the most prominent features of atherosclerosis. To understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease, we need to understand the characteristics of lipid-laden foamy macrophages in the subintimal space during atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the transcriptomic profiles of foamy and nonfoamy macrophages isolated from atherosclerotic intima. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45+ leukocytes from murine atherosclerotic aorta revealed that there are macrophage subpopulations with distinct differentially expressed genes involved in various functional pathways. To specifically characterize the intimal foamy macrophages of plaque, we developed a lipid staining-based flow cytometric method for analyzing the lipid-laden foam cells of atherosclerotic aortas. We used the fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY493/503 and assessed side-scattered light as an indication of cellular granularity. BODIPYhiSSChi foamy macrophages were found residing in intima and expressing CD11c. Foamy macrophage accumulation determined by flow cytometry was positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis showed that compared with nonfoamy macrophages, foamy macrophages expressed few inflammatory genes but many lipid-processing genes. Intimal nonfoamy macrophages formed the major population expressing IL (interleukin)-1β and many other inflammatory transcripts in atherosclerotic aorta. CONCLUSIONS RNA sequencing analysis of intimal macrophages from atherosclerotic aorta revealed that lipid-loaded plaque macrophages are not likely the plaque macrophages that drive lesional inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongdae Kim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Shim
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seong Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.S.L., T.J.Y., C.C.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.Z., J.W.W., K.-W.K., G.J.R., M.N.A.).,Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia (K.Z.)
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.Z., J.W.W., K.-W.K., G.J.R., M.N.A.)
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.Z., J.W.W., K.-W.K., G.J.R., M.N.A.)
| | - Man-Young Jang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.S.L., T.J.Y., C.C.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (T.J.Y., C.C.)
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungbuk, Republic of Korea (W.K.Y.)
| | - Annik Prat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology (A.P., N.G.S.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology (A.P., N.G.S.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jungsoon Choi
- Department of Mathematics (J.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.-P.L.)
| | - Sang-Ho Yoon
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wu Nam
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea (J.K.S.)
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (G.T.O.)
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.Z., J.W.W., K.-W.K., G.J.R., M.N.A.)
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (K.Z., J.W.W., K.-W.K., G.J.R., M.N.A.)
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.S.L., T.J.Y., C.C.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (T.J.Y., C.C.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- From the Department of Life Sciences (K.K., D.S., M.-Y.J., H.S.J., S.H.L., S.-H.Y., J.W.N., J.-H.C.), College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim M, Jeong H, Lee B, Cho Y, Yoon WK, Cho A, Kwon G, Nam KT, Ha H, Lim KM. Enrichment of Short-Chain Ceramides and Free Fatty Acids in the Skin Epidermis, Liver, and Kidneys of db/db Mice, a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:457-465. [PMID: 30739427 PMCID: PMC6720538 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often suffer from diverse skin disorders, which might be attributable to skin barrier dysfunction. To explore the role of lipid alterations in the epidermis in DM skin disorders, we quantitated 49 lipids (34 ceramides, 14 free fatty acids (FFAs), and cholesterol) in the skin epidermis, liver, and kidneys of db/db mice, a Type 2 DM model, using UPLC-MS/MS. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis was also evaluated. With the full establishment of hyperglycemia at the age of 20 weeks, remarkable lipid enrichment was noted in the skin of the db/db mice, especially at the epidermis and subcutaneous fat bed. Prominent increases in the ceramides and FFAs (>3 fold) with short or medium chains (<C26) occurred in the skin epidermis (16NS, 18NS, 24NS, 16NDS, 18NDS, 20NDS, 22NDS, 24NDS, C16:1FA, C18:2FA, and C18:1FA) and the liver (16NS, 18NS, 20NS, 24:1NS, 18NDS, 20NDS, 22NDS, C16:1FA, C18:2FA, C18:1FA), whereas those with very long chains were not affected. In the kidney, only slight increases (<3 fold) were observed for 16NS, 18NS, 20NS, 26NDS, C26FA, and C22:1FA. Consistently, LXRα/β and PPARγ, nuclear receptors promoting lipid synthesis, lipid synthesis enzymes such as elongases 1, 4, and 6, and fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase were highly expressed in the skin and livers of the db/db mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates an extensive alteration in the skin and systemic lipid profiles of db/db mice, which could contribute to the development of skin disorders in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Cho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Guideock Kwon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yun TJ, Lee JS, Machmach K, Shim D, Choi J, Wi YJ, Jang HS, Jung IH, Kim K, Yoon WK, Miah MA, Li B, Chang J, Bego MG, Pham TNQ, Loschko J, Fritz JH, Krug AB, Lee SP, Keler T, Guimond JV, Haddad E, Cohen EA, Sirois MG, El-Hamamsy I, Colonna M, Oh GT, Choi JH, Cheong C. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase-Expressing Aortic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Protect against Atherosclerosis by Induction of Regulatory T Cells. Cell Metab 2016; 23:852-66. [PMID: 27166946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are unique bone-marrow-derived cells that produce large amounts of type I interferon in response to microbial stimulation. Furthermore, pDCs also promote T cell tolerance in sterile-inflammation conditions. However, the immunomodulatory role of aortic pDCs in atherosclerosis has been poorly understood. Here, we identified functional mouse and human pDCs in the aortic intima and showed that selective, inducible pDC depletion in mice exacerbates atherosclerosis. Aortic pDCs expressed CCR9 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), an enzyme involved in driving the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). As a consequence, loss of pDCs resulted in decreased numbers of Tregs and reduced IL-10 levels in the aorta. Moreover, antigen presentation by pDCs expanded antigen-specific Tregs in the atherosclerotic aorta. Notably, Tregs ablation affected pDC homeostasis in diseased aorta. Accordingly, pDCs in human atherosclerotic aortas colocalized with Tregs. Collectively, we identified a mechanism of atheroprotection mediated by tolerogenic aortic pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Yun
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jun Seong Lee
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kawthar Machmach
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dahee Shim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Wi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Kyeongdae Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, KRIBB, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Alam Miah
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Bin Li
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jinsam Chang
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mariana G Bego
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Tram N Q Pham
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jakob Loschko
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 80336, Germany
| | - Jörg Hermann Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 80336, Germany
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Hampton, NJ 08827, USA
| | - Jean V Guimond
- Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux Jeanne-Mance, Montréal, QC H2H 2B4, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Eric A Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Research Center, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ismail El-Hamamsy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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8
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Lee MR, Lim CJ, Lee YH, Park JG, Sonn SK, Lee MN, Jung IH, Jeong SJ, Jeon S, Lee M, Oh KS, Yang Y, Kim JB, Choi HS, Jeong W, Jeong TS, Yoon WK, Kim HC, Choi JH, Oh GT. Erratum: Corrigendum: The adipokine Retnla modulates cholesterol homeostasis in hyperlipidemic mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6076. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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9
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Kang MR, Lee CW, Cho IJ, Lee MY, Shin JH, Oh SJ, Yun J, Yoon WK, Han SB, Kim EE, Bok SH, Kang JS. Betaine Supplementation Improves Beneficial Effects of Boxthorn (L
ycium chinense
Mill.) Leaf on Body Weight/Body Fat Increase and Plasma/Liver Triglycerides Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. J Food Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moo Rim Kang
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Ig Jun Cho
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Myeong Youl Lee
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Jung Hyu Shin
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- Biomedical Mouse Resource Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk 361-763 Korea
| | - Eun Eai Kim
- Bionutrigen Co., Ltd.; Daejon Chungnam 305-806 Korea
| | - Song-Hae Bok
- Bionutrigen Co., Ltd.; Daejon Chungnam 305-806 Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Ochang Chungbuk 363-883 Korea
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10
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Yoon WK, Choi R, Lee SG, Hyun C. Comparison of 2 retrieval devices for heartworm removal in 52 dogs with heavy worm burden. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:469-73. [PMID: 23600618 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For treating dogs with heavy heartworm infection, mechanical removal using various retrieval devices is useful. However, the efficacy and safety of retrieval devices have rarely been studied. HYPOTHESIS Catheter-based heartworm removal using 2 retrieval devices (basket and tripod grasping forceps) is efficient and safe for treating dogs with heavy worm burden. ANIMALS Fifty-two client-owned dogs with heavy (Class III and IV) worm burden. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 52 dogs, using a catheter-based heartworm removal approach using 2 types of retrieval devices (ie, the basket and the tripod grasping forceps). The efficacy and complications associated with the 2 devices were assessed. RESULTS The basket device was used on 22 of the study group dogs, and the tripod grasping forceps was used on 30 of the dogs. The postoperative survival rate was 95.5% for the basket device and 80% for the tripod grasping forceps, but the difference was not statistically significant. The worm number captured per attempt was 3.5 ± 1.7 using the basket device and 1.9 ± 0.85 for the tripod grasping forceps (P < .05). Various complications associated with heartworm removal were noticed with both retrieval devices. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study suggests that catheter-based heartworm removal is not only a relatively safe and efficient therapeutic method in dogs with heavy worm burden, but more efficient using the basket device. Our data do not indicate a clear safety advantage between the 2 devices evaluated, although the survival rate was numerically higher in dogs undergoing a basket intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Yoon
- Section of Small Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 201-100, Korea
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11
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Yun J, Jo YN, Park SK, Kim JA, Yang J, Lee CW, Yoon WK, Lee OJ, Han SB, Doebele RC, Kang JS. Abstract 3878: Bach1 promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating c-Myc and SOX4. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bach1 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to Maf recognition elements (MAREs) and has recently been identified as the regulator of breast cancer metastasis. Bach1 promotes breast cancer metastasis to bone by directly upregulating MMP1 and CXCR4 and it is critical for the cell transformation and tumor growth induced by activated H-RasV12. Here, we demonstrate the oncogenic mechanisms of Bach1 in colorectal cancer. Ectopic expression of Bach1 increases invasion of colorectal cancer cells, whereas knockdown of Bach1 significantly reduces the invasive efficiency of the cancer cells. In a mouse model, suppression of Bach1 expression significantly inhibits intravasation and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. The mechanism involves upregulation of c-Myc and SOX4 expression by Bach1 maintaining ERK signaling. Finally, we confirmed the expression of Bach1 is high in the patient samples of colorectal cancer and metastasis, unlike normal colon tissues. These results suggest Bach1 as a novel target for cancer therapeutic strategy.
Citation Format: Jieun Yun, Yeong Nang Jo, Song-Kyu Park, Jin-Ah Kim, Junguk Yang, Chang Woo Lee, Won Kee Yoon, Ok-Jun Lee, Sang-Bae Han, Robert C. Doebele, Jong Soon Kang. Bach1 promotes liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by regulating c-Myc and SOX4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3878
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Yun
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Nang Jo
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin-Ah Kim
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguk Yang
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Lee
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Yoon
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jun Lee
- 3Chungbuk National University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- 3Chungbuk National University, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong Soon Kang
- 1KRIBB (Bio-evaluation center), Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kang JS, Lee WK, Lee CW, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Lee HS, Park HK, Han SB, Yun J, Lee K, Lee KH, Park SK, Kim HM. Improvement of high-fat diet-induced obesity by a mixture of red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine: implications in cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2453-8. [PMID: 21745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of a mixture of dietary components, including red grape extract, soy isoflavone and L-carnitine (RISC), on obesity. RISC substantially inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight in a dose-dependent manner in C57BL/6 mice. The amount of subcutaneous and mesenteric fat was also significantly decreased by RISC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice, whereas epididymal fat was not affected. Moreover, HFD-induced plasma leptin levels were down-regulated by RISC treatment. In these mice, RISC treatment significantly increased the plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting the level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, HFD-induced increase in liver weight and lipid accumulation in liver was significantly suppressed by RISC treatment in C57BL/6mice. Plasma level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was also inhibited by RISC treatment. These results demonstrate that RISC suppresses HFD-induced obesity and suggest that RISC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of obesity and its complications, such as cardiovascular and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kang JS, Lee WK, Yoon WK, Kim N, Park SK, Park HK, Ly SY, Han SB, Yun J, Lee CW, Lee K, Lee KH, Park SK, Kim HM. A combination of grape extract, green tea extract and L-carnitine improves high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1789-95. [PMID: 21480410 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To develop a therapeutic agent for obesity-related metabolic disorders, a mixture of dietary components was prepared, including grape extract, green tea extract and l-carnitine (RGTC), and its effects on obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease examined. The RGTC dramatically inhibited the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight and fat in C57BL/6 mice, whereas food consumption was not affected by RGTC treatment. The RGTC also concentration-dependently suppressed the HFD-induced increase in plasma lipids, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, increases in liver weight and liver steatosis were returned to normal by RGTC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. The plasma levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were also significantly down-regulated by RGTC treatment. These results suggest that RGTC suppressed HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting that RGTC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of these metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kang JS, Kang MR, Han SB, Yoon WK, Kim JH, Lee TC, Lee CW, Lee KH, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Low dose estrogen supplementation reduces mortality of mice in estrogen-dependent human tumor xenograft model. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:150-2. [PMID: 19122299 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent female cancers in the Western world. Perturbation of estrogen levels by hormone replacement therapy or pregnancy is associated with a variety of diseases, including breast cancer. Estrogen supplementation is required to establish appropriate animal models for estrogen-related diseases. In this report, we demonstrated that supplementation with high doses of 17beta-estradiol results in deaths in estrogen-dependent MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. Renal damage and bladder stone formation was implicated as a major cause of death. The mortality rate was significantly reduced when mice received a low dose of 17beta-estradiol. We also confirmed that low dose of 17beta-estradiol supplementation can support the growth of tumors in MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. These results suggest that low dose estrogen supplementation may be more appropriate in estrogen-dependent tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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15
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Lee B, Kim CG, Park JY, Park KW, Kim HJ, Yi H, Jeong SC, Yoon WK, Kim HM. Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified soybean and maize in cultivated fields and along the transportation routes of the Incheon Port in South Korea. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Kang JS, Yoon WK, Han MH, Lee H, Lee CW, Lee KH, Han SB, Lee K, Yang KH, Park SK, Kim HM. Inhibition of atopic dermatitis by topical application of silymarin in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1475-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Kang JS, Yoon WK, Youm JK, Jeong SK, Park BD, Han MH, Lee H, Moon EY, Han SB, Lee CW, Lee K, Park SK, Yang KH, Kim HM. Inhibition of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by topical application of a novel ceramide derivative, K6PC-9p, in NC/Nga mice. Exp Dermatol 2008; 17:958-64. [PMID: 18721197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that commonly begins in childhood. K6PC-9p (N-(Ethyl dihydrogenphosphate)-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide) is a synthetic ceramide derivative of PC-9S (N-Ethanol-2-mirystyl-3-oxo-staramide), which was known to be effective in atopic patients. In this study, we examined the effect of topical application of K6PC-9p on skin inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in mouse models. K6PC-9p dose-dependently inhibited phorbol ester-induced increase in ear thickness in BALB/c mice. Moreover, topical application of K6PC-9p suppressed dust mite extract-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Histopathological analysis revealed that both ear swelling and leucocyte infiltration were suppressed by K6PC-9p treatment. K6PC-9p also suppressed IL-4 and TNF-alpha expression in the ears and mast cell infiltration into the ears in NC/Nga mice. Further study demonstrated that K6PC-9p inhibited ConA-induced IL-4 secretion and LPS-induced macrophage activation. Taken together, our results showed that topical application of K6PC-9p exerts beneficial effects in animal model of skin inflammation and AD, suggesting that K6PC-9p might be a promising topical agent for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Korea
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18
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Jeong SC, Pack IS, Cho EY, Youk ES, Park S, Yoon WK, Kim CG, Choi YD, Kim JK, Kim HM. Molecular analysis and quantitative detection of a transgenic rice line expressing a bifunctional fusion TPSP. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Kang JS, Youm JK, Jeong SK, Park BD, Yoon WK, Han MH, Lee H, Han SB, Lee K, Park SK, Lee SH, Yang KH, Moon EY, Kim HM. Topical application of a novel ceramide derivative, K6PC-9, inhibits dust mite extract-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 346:105-12. [PMID: 17996668 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. K6PC-9 (N-Ethanol-2-hexyl-3-oxo-decanamide) is a novel synthetic ceramide derivative of PC-9S (N-Ethanol-2-mirystyl-3-oxo-stearamide), which was known to be effective in atopic and psoriatic patients. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of K6PC-9, we examined the effect of K6PC-9 on T lymphocyte and macrophage function and the effect of topical application of K6PC-9 on skin inflammation and AD-like skin lesions in mouse models. K6PC-9 had no effect on concanavalin A-induced proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2 secretion and IL-4 secretion in mouse splenocytes. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite generation was potently suppressed by K6PC-9 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In mouse model of skin inflammation, K6PC-9 inhibited phorbol ester-induced increase in ear thickness and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the ear of BALB/c mice. Topical application of K6PC-9 also suppressed mite extract-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Increase in ear thickness was significantly inhibited by K6PC-9 in this model. K6PC-9 also blocked the infiltration of mast cells and neutrophils into the ear. Further study demonstrated that the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, was also suppressed by K6PC-9 in the ear of mite extract-treated NC/Nga mice. Taken together, the results presented in this report show that K6PC-9 has an anti-inflammatory potential and exerts beneficial effects in an animal model of AD, indicating that K6PC-9 might be used as a topical agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kang JS, Lee K, Han SB, Ahn JM, Lee H, Han MH, Yoon YD, Yoon WK, Park SK, Kim HM. Induction of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome-like skin lesions by repeated topical application of a crude extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in NC/Nga mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1616-22. [PMID: 16919834 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mite antigen has been considered to play important roles in the development of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). In the present study, we attempted to induce an AEDS-like skin lesion in mice using Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus crude extract (DPE) as an antigen and performed pathophysiological evaluations. Ears of mice were tape-stripped and DPE was painted 3 times a week. Eczematous skin lesion and ear swelling were apparent in NC/Nga mice treated with DPE after 2 weeks, whereas neither skin lesion nor ear swelling were observed in BALB/c mice even after 30 days. Histological evaluation demonstrated that edema, epidermal hyperplasia and the accumulation of inflammatory cells were apparent in the ears of DPE-treated NC/Nga mice. In contrast to skin lesion and ear swelling, total serum IgE levels were increased in both NC/Nga and BALB/c mice. Treatment with DPE also increased auricular lymph node weight in both NC/Nga mice and BALB/c mice. To further characterize, we analyzed cytokine mRNA expression in ears and lymph nodes of DPE-treated NC/Nga mice. Increased expression of IL-4 and TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in both ears and lymph nodes of NC/Nga mice treated with DPE. Additionally, there was no change in the responsiveness of BALB/c mice to DPE treatment by adaptive transfer of serum from DPE-treated NC/Nga mice to BALB/c mice. Taken together, our results indicate that eczematous skin lesion and ear swelling caused by repeated application of DPE in NC/Nga mice has a Th2-dominant background and that inflammation is involved in this process. The animal model of AEDS established in this report may be used to investigate the pathogenesis of AEDS and evaluate the potential therapeutic agents for AEDS.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Topical
- Animals
- Antigens, Dermatophagoides/immunology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/chemically induced
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Edema/immunology
- Edema/pathology
- Female
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soon Kang
- Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon,305-333, Republic of Korea
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21
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Han SB, Lee CW, Yoon YD, Lee JH, Kang JS, Lee KH, Yoon WK, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Prevention of arthritic inflammation using an oriental herbal combination BDX-1 isolated from Achyranthes bidentata and Atractylodes japonica. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 28:902-8. [PMID: 16178415 DOI: 10.1007/bf02973875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An oriental herbal combination (BDX-1) was isolated from Achyranthes bidentata and Atractylodes japonica. We previously tested the clinical effectiveness of BDX-1 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and found that it has a beneficial therapeutic effect. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the effectiveness of BDX-1 on RA in murine models. The oral administration of BDX-1 was found to markedly inhibit collagen-induced arthritis, adjuvant-induced arthritis, and zymosan-induced inflammation. It also inhibited carrageenan-induced acute edema and acetic acid-induced writhing response. In addition, the biological activity of BDX-1 was found to be strongly increased by fermentation. Our results suggest that BDX-1 could be useful for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Acetic Acid
- Achyranthes/chemistry
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Carrageenan
- Collagen
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/prevention & control
- Female
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Pain/chemically induced
- Pain/prevention & control
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Zymosan
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bae Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, Korea
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22
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Han SB, Lee CW, Kang MR, Yoon YD, Kang JS, Lee KH, Yoon WK, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Pectic polysaccharide isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai inhibits melanoma cell metastasis and growth by directly preventing cell adhesion and activating host immune functions. Cancer Lett 2006; 243:264-73. [PMID: 16412568 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pectic polysaccharide (angelan) of Angelica gigas Nakai is an immunostimulator that activates the immune functions of B cells and macrophages. Here we investigated the effect of angelan on tumor growth and metastasis. Angelan was found to significantly prolong the survival rate of B16F10-implanted mice and to reduce the frequency of pulmonary metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. Moreover, the combined treatment of angelan and doxorubicin (a cytotoxic anticancer agent) more effectively inhibited tumor growth and metastasis than either compound alone. In the present study, we found that angelan directly inhibited cancer cell adhesion and invasion through the extracellular matrix, in addition to activating the immune functions of B cells and macrophages. These results suggest that angelan can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by stimulating host immunity and directly inhibiting cancer cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bae Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, South Korea
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23
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Han SB, Lee CW, Yoon YD, Kang JS, Lee KH, Yoon WK, Kim YK, Lee K, Park SK, Kim HM. Effective prevention of lethal acute graft-versus-host disease by combined immunosuppressive therapy with prodigiosin and cyclosporine A. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:1518-26. [PMID: 16198318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PDG), a bacterial metabolite, is a known T cell-specific immunosuppressant. Here, we compared its inhibitory potency and mode of action with cyclosporine A (CsA) in a mouse model. PDG efficiently inhibited T cell proliferation with an IC(50) of 3.37 ng/ml, a similar dose to that of CsA (IC(50) of 2.71 ng/ml). PDG inhibited only IL-2Ralpha expression, but not IL-2 expression, whereas CsA inhibited both. Exogenously added IL-2 reversed the suppressive activity of CsA, but not that of PDG. Moreover, although both PDG and CsA markedly reduced mortality rates in lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the combined treatment was more effective than either drug alone. These results demonstrate that PDG and CsA have similar inhibitory potencies, but different modes of action, and suggest that PDG has potential use as a supplementary immunosuppressant in combination with CsA for the treatment of GVHD.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/etiology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Bacteria/chemistry
- Bacteria/immunology
- Bacteria/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclosporine/immunology
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cyclosporine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prodigiosin/immunology
- Prodigiosin/pharmacology
- Prodigiosin/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Interleukin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bae Han
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, South Korea
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24
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Han SB, Yoon YD, Ahn HJ, Lee HS, Lee CW, Yoon WK, Park SK, Kim HM. Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of B cells and macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2003; 3:1301-12. [PMID: 12890428 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(03)00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of the immunomodulatory action of polysaccharide (ASP) isolated from a cell culture of Acanthopanax senticosus. ASP was found to directly increase the proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and the cytokine production of macrophage, but not the proliferation and cytokine production of T cells. Since ASP cannot penetrate the cell membrane due to its large molecular mass, such cellular activation may be caused by the surface binding of ASP to receptors expressed on B cells and macrophages. The possibility that TLRs, which are known to be involved in immune-related responses, may be the receptor(s) of ASP was investigated. The immunomodulating activities of ASP on the B cells and macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice, expressing a defective toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, were decreased versus the corresponding cells from C3H/HeN mice. In addition, the activities of ASP on B cells and macrophages were significantly reduced by treating the cells with antibodies to TLR4 and TLR2 prior to ASP, suggesting that both of them are the possible receptors of ASP. The ligation of TLRs induced by ASP was able to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as Erk1/2, p38 and JNK, and the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Although ASP was shown to activate the TLR signaling cascades in the same manner as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), these two could be differentiated by the finding that polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of LPS, did not significantly affect the activities of ASP on B cells and macrophages. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ASP, isolated from a cell culture of A. senticosus, activates B cells and macrophages by interacting with TLRs and leading to the subsequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Cells, Cultured/chemistry
- Eleutherococcus/chemistry
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitrites/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides/isolation & purification
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Protein Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 2
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Han
- Biopotency Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 52 Oundong, Yusong, Taejon 305-333, South Korea
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25
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Miyakoshi A, Yoon WK, Jee Y, Matsumoto Y. Characterization of the antigen specificity and TCR repertoire, and TCR-based DNA vaccine therapy in myelin basic protein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DA rats. J Immunol 2003; 170:6371-8. [PMID: 12794171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.12.6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Like Lewis rats, DA rats are an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-susceptible strain and develop severe EAE upon immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP). However, there are several differences between the two strains. In the present study we induced acute EAE in DA rats by immunization with MBP and MBP peptides and examined the Ag specificity and TCR repertoire of encephalitogenic T cells. It was found that although immunization with MBP and a peptide corresponding to its 62-75 sequence (MBP(62-75)) induced clinical EAE, the responses of lymph node T cells isolated from MBP-immunized rats to MBP(62-75) was marginal, indicating that this peptide contains major encephalitogenic, but not immunodominant, epitopes. The TCR analysis by CDR3 spectratyping of spinal cord T cells revealed that Vbeta10 and Vbeta15 spectratype expansion was always found in MBP(62-75)-immunized symptomatic rats. On the basis of these findings, we examined the encephalitogenicity of Vbeta10- and Vbeta15-positive T cells. First, the adoptive transfer experiments revealed that Vbeta10-positive T line cells derived from MBP(62-75)-immunized rats induced clinical EAE in recipients. Second, administration of DNA vaccines encoding Vbeta10 and Vbeta15, alone or in combination, ameliorated MBP(62-75)-induced EAE. Collectively, it was strongly suggested that Vbeta10- and Vbeta15-positive T cells are encephalitogenic. Analyses of the Ag specificity and T cell repertoire of pathogenic T cells performed in this study provide useful information for designing specific immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Complementarity Determining Regions/analysis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Guinea Pigs
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin Basic Protein/administration & dosage
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/therapeutic use
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Miyakoshi
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Jee Y, Yoon WK, Okura Y, Tanuma N, Matsumoto Y. Upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and CC chemokine receptor 2 in the central nervous system is closely associated with relapse of autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 128:49-57. [PMID: 12098510 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by remittance and relapse of the disease and autoimmune and demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). To better understand the mechanism of disease relapse, we induced acute and chronic relapsing (CR)-EAE in Lewis rats and examined the differences between the two groups. An immunohistochemical study revealed that significantly higher numbers of macrophages infiltrated the spinal cord during the first and second attacks of CR-EAE than at the peak of acute EAE, whereas the number of infiltrating T cells was essentially the same in acute and CR-EAE. In accordance with this finding, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA, but not MIP-1alpha and RANTES mRNA, increased significantly in CR-EAE lesions rather than in acute EAE lesions. More importantly, the level of MCP-1 during the remission of CR-EAE was significantly higher than during the recovery phase of acute EAE, suggesting that this high level of MCP-1 in CR-EAE is associated with relapse of the disease. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), the main receptor for MCP-1, was expressed on astrocytes, macrophages and T cells and the number of positive cells was higher in CR-EAE than in acute EAE. Collectively, these findings suggest that high expression of MCP-1 and its receptor, CCR2, in the CNS play important roles in relapse of EAE.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Astrocytes/immunology
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/cytology
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Ectodysplasins
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Endothelium/immunology
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngheun Jee
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai 2-6 Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
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27
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Hyun BH, Kim MS, Choi YK, Yoon WK, Suh JG, Jeong YG, Park SK, Lee CH. Mapping of the pogo gene, a new ataxic mutant from Korean wild mice, on central mouse chromosome 8. Mamm Genome 2001; 12:250-2. [PMID: 11252176 DOI: 10.1007/s003350010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2000] [Accepted: 10/28/2000] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B H Hyun
- Genetic Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong Taejon, Korea
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28
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Ryu SY, Jeong KS, Kang BN, Park SJ, Yoon WK, Kim SH, Kim TH. Modulation of transferrin synthesis, transferrin receptor expression, iNOS expression and NO production in mouse macrophages by cytokines, either alone or in combination. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:3331-8. [PMID: 11062761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron, an essential element for all living organisms, is central importance in a number of crucial metabolic pathways, including the regulation of immune function. Iron delivery to cells is accomplished by the complexing of iron to transferrin (Tf), a monomeric iron-binding protein in the plasma, followed by specific binding of Tf to cell-surface receptors, endocytosis of the receptor-ligand complexes and ultimately, release of iron from endosomal vesicles to the cytoplasm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cytokines, alone and in combination, on the factors that can affect the iron delivery in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. In this study, IFN gamma induced a marked increase in Tf synthesis by macrophages, while IL-1, IL-6 and TNF alpha produced a more modest increase. Combinations of these cytokines were shown to be less effective in promoting macrophage Tf synthesis than the cytokines by themselves. IFN gamma alone and in combination with other cytokines was effective in inducing nitrite (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) expression in macrophages, while IL-1, TNF alpha and IL-6 individually, as well as in various combinations, were not. While all tested cytokines individually and in combination inhibited the expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR) on macrophages, IFN gamma alone and in combination with other cytokines most strongly repressed the TfR expression. TfR localization in macrophages after IFN gamma stimulation showed that TfR fluorescence was most intense in the perinuclear region after 6 hours and scattered diffusely throughout the cytoplasm after 24 hours. This data suggests that IFN gamma may enhance iron uptake during the early phase of macrophage activation, and in later phases, down-regulate TfR expression by inducing NO, thus contributing to intracellular oxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejeon, Korea.
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29
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Ryu SY, Jeong KS, Yoon WK, Park SJ, Kang BN, Kim SH, Park BK, Cho SW. Somatostatin and substance P induced in vivo by lipopolysaccharide and in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or interferon-gamma have differential effects on murine cytokine production. Neuroimmunomodulation 2000; 8:25-30. [PMID: 10859485 DOI: 10.1159/000026449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) in popliteal lymph nodes in vivo and whether macrophages are a source of SP and SOM in vitro. We have also investigated the effect of SP and SOM treatment on the production of cytokines. SP reached a maximum 3 days after injection of LPS (100 microg/footpad) and then declined. SOM expression after LPS injection reached a maximum at 5-7 days. Stimulation of thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages with LPS (20 microg/ml), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma, 100 U/ml), and LPS plus rIFN-gamma induced SOM and SP. Thioglycolate-elicited, unstimulated peritoneal macrophages also synthesized these peptides. SOM (10(-12)-10(-8) M) significantly inhibited IL-6 and IFN-gamma production, whereas SP at those concentrations enhanced cytokine production by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. These findings suggest that neuropeptides which originate from macrophages and nerve fibers act as immunomodulators to mediate changes in the pattern of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejeon, Korea.
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30
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Choi YK, Choi JY, Jeon HS, Won YS, Lee CH, Yoon WK, Oh GT, Hyun BH. Spontaneous low-virulence mouse hepatitis virus infection in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Lab Anim Sci 1999; 49:324-7. [PMID: 10403451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/blood
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/genetics
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/virology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/pathology
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID/virology
- Murine hepatitis virus/isolation & purification
- Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/virology
- Species Specificity
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Choi
- ICLAS Monitoring Subcenter Korea, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon
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31
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Min W, Woo HJ, Lee CS, Lee KK, Yoon WK, Park HW, Kim MH. 307-bp fragment in HOXA7 upstream sequence is sufficient for anterior boundary formation. DNA Cell Biol 1998; 17:293-9. [PMID: 9539109 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1998.17.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The HOX genes are expressed in a positionally and temporally restricted manner involving anteroposterior axial pattern formation during early embryogenesis. Previously, we studied the sequence and function of an upstream regulatory region of the human HOXA7 gene. To identify a critical cis-acting element, a deletion analysis was performed along the human control region (HCR) (about 1.1 kb), which was sufficient for setting the anterior boundary of expression in transgenic mice. We demonstrated that a 307-bp control region contains a cis-acting element(s) specifying an anterior boundary as well as a dorsal-ventral restriction in the neural tube at day 12.5 postconception (p.c.). The distinct anterior limit of expression was noted at the level of C7/T1 in the neural tube and spinal ganglia. In addition, our deletion experiments revealed that the HCR consisted of several cis-acting elements which were individually capable of driving regionally restricted expression patterns in the neural tube and limb buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Min
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Ryu SY, Jeong KS, Park SJ, Mheen BG, Son HY, Yoon WK, Cho SW, Park BK, Kim SH. Effects of transferrin on the modulation of cytokine production on mouse spleen cells. In Vivo 1998; 12:187-94. [PMID: 9627801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the the effects of transferrin(Tf) on the production of cytokines, mouse spleen cells were treated with various concentrations of apo- and holo-Tf, and then the production of IL-6, IFN gamma and the expression of mRNA for TNF alpha was determined. The distribution of Tf, macrophages and T cells in the mouse mammary glands was also examined. IL-6 and IFN gamma producing capabilities of the unstimulated spleen cells in the presence of apo and holo-Tf were increased in a dose dependent manner, while the cells stimulated with anti-CD3 had no significant effects on production in thd presence of graded concentrations of Tf. The relative abundance of TNF alpha mRNA was significantly affected by the concentration of TF. During early involution almost all of the secretory epithelial cells and the secretion in the alveoli showed a very strong positive reaction to transferrin antibody, and macrophages and T cells were distributed in the lumen, alveolar epithelial layer and connective tissue area. These findings suggest that the upregulated patterns of these cytokines and distribution of immune cells may play a beneficial role in the augmentation of host's defense mechanisms during involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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