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Durão P, Kis P, Chelo IM, Ventura MR, Martins LO. Environmentally Friendly Degradation and Detoxification of Rifampicin by a Bacterial Laccase and Hydrogen Peroxide. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300627. [PMID: 37947295 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are micropollutants accumulating in our rivers and wastewaters, potentially leading to bacterial antibiotic resistance, a worldwide problem to which there is no current solution. Here, we have developed an environmentally friendly two-step process to transform the antibiotic rifampicin (RIF) into non-antimicrobial compounds. The process involves an enzymatic oxidation step by the bacterial CotA-laccase and a hydrogen peroxide bleaching step. NMR identified rifampicin quinone as the main product of the enzymatic oxidation. Growth of Escherichia coli strains in the presence of final degradation products (FP) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements confirmed that FP are non-anti-microbial compounds, and bioassays suggest that FP is not toxic to eukaryotic organisms. Moreover, competitive fitness assays between susceptible and RIF-resistant bacteria show that susceptible bacteria is strongly favoured in the presence of FP. Our results show that we have developed a robust and environmentally friendly process to effectively remediate rifampicin from antibiotic contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Durão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peter Kis
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ivo M Chelo
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Rita Ventura
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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2
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Tarasek D, Wojtasek H. Rifampicin is not an inhibitor of tyrosinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:830-835. [PMID: 35914550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin has been previously described as an inhibitor of tyrosinase (Chai et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 102 (2017) 425-430). However, rifampicin contains a p-diphenol group and compounds with such a moiety have been shown before to reduce tyrosinase-generated o-quinones. Rifampicin also shows strong absorption in a region completely overlapping with the visible absorption band of dopachrome, the oxidation product of L-tyrosine and L-dopa, whose concentration is measured spectrophotometrically in the standard enzymatic assay to monitor the activity of tyrosinase. We have demonstrated that rifampicin is also rapidly oxidized by o-quinones generated from catechols by tyrosinase or by treatment with sodium periodate. Smaller changes of absorbance at 475 nm during oxidation of L-dopa by tyrosinase in the presence of rifampicin do not result from enzyme inhibition but from oxidation of rifampicin by dopaquinone, which leads to rapid decrease of rifampicin absorption in this range. The actual reaction rates are not affected, which we have demonstrated by measurements of oxygen consumption. Rifampicin behaves therefore as other compounds with reducing properties, such as ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, hydrazine derivatives, and flavonoids, some of which have also been incorrectly described before as inhibitors of tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tarasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Hubert Wojtasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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3
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Humer D, Spadiut O. Enzyme prodrug therapy: cytotoxic potential of paracetamol turnover with recombinant horseradish peroxidase. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021; 152:1389-1397. [PMID: 34759433 PMCID: PMC8542555 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer treatment is a promising, less invasive alternative to chemotherapy as it is precisely directed against tumor cells whilst leaving healthy tissue unaffected. The plant-derived enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used for enzyme prodrug cancer therapy with indole-3-acetic acid or the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). Oxidation of paracetamol by HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide leads to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine and polymer formation via a radical reaction mechanism. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine binds to DNA and proteins, resulting in severe cytotoxicity. However, plant HRP is not suitable for this application since the foreign glycosylation pattern is recognized by the human immune system, causing rapid clearance from the body. Furthermore, plant-derived HRP is a mixture of isoenzymes with a heterogeneous composition. Here, we investigated the reaction of paracetamol with defined recombinant HRP variants produced in E. coli, as well as plant HRP, and found that they are equally effective in paracetamol oxidation at a concentration ≥ 400 µM. At low paracetamol concentrations, however, recombinant HRP seems to be more efficient in paracetamol oxidation. Yet upon treatment of HCT-116 colon carcinoma and FaDu squamous carcinoma cells with HRP-paracetamol no cytotoxic effect was observed, neither in the presence nor absence of hydrogen peroxide. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00706-021-02848-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Humer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Nanozymes have the potential to replace natural enzymes, so they are widely used in energy conversion technologies such as biosensors and signal transduction (converting biological signals of a target into optical, electrical, or metabolic signals). The participation of nucleic acids leads nanozymes to produce richer interface effects and gives energy conversion events more attractive characteristics, creating what are called “functional nanozymes”. Since different nanozymes have different internal structures and external morphological characteristics, functional modulation needs to be compatible with these properties, and attention needs to be paid to the influence of nucleic acids on nanozyme activity. In this review, “functional nanozymes” are divided into three categories, (nanozyme precursor ion)/ (nucleic acid) self-assembly, nanozyme-nucleic acid irreversible binding, and nanozyme-nucleic acid reversible binding, and the effects of nucleic acids on modulation principles are summarized. Then, the latest developments of nucleic acid-modulated nanozymes are reviewed in terms of their use in energy conversion technology, and their conversion mechanisms are critically discussed. Finally, we outline the advantages and limitations of “functional nanozymes” and discuss the future development prospects and challenges in this field.
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Priemel PA, Wang Y, Bohr A, Water JJ, Yang M, Mørck Nielsen H. Poly(ethylene carbonate)-containing polylactic acid microparticles with rifampicin improve drug delivery to macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Pulmonary delivery of antibiotics will decrease the required dose for efficient treatment of lung infections and reduce systemic side effects of the drug. The objective was to evaluate the applicability of poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) for the preparation of inhalable, antibiotic-containing particles.
Methods
Rifampicin (RF)-loaded microparticles were prepared by electrospraying a carrier matrix of polylactic acid (PLA) with 0%, 5% and 10% PEC.
Key findings
Prepared particles had an aerodynamic diameter between 4 and 5 μm. Within 60 min, PEC-containing particles released 35–45% of RF, whereas PLA particles released only 15% of RF. Irrespective of particle composition, uptake of RF by macrophages was improved to 40–60% when formulated in microparticles compared to 0.4% for RF in solution, and intracellular localisation of particles was confirmed using confocal microscopy. Effect on macrophage and alveolar cell viability was similar for all particles whereas the minimal inhibitory concentrations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli for RF-containing PEC particles were twofold lower than for PLA particles, explained by the faster release of RF from PEC-containing particles.
Conclusions
The inclusion of PEC in PLA microparticles increased the release of RF and the inhibitory effect against two bacteria species while displaying physical particle properties similar to PLA particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A Priemel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yingya Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Bohr
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorrit J Water
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang Z, Xu W, Fu Z, Jiang G, Wu J, Liu Z. Pluronic-Conjugated Enzyme Cascade for In Situ Oxidation in Biphasic Media. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Weina Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Zhongwang Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; University of California; Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
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Stadlmair LF, Letzel T, Drewes JE, Graßmann J. Mass spectrometry based in vitro assay investigations on the transformation of pharmaceutical compounds by oxidative enzymes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:466-477. [PMID: 28189026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of trace organic chemicals in wastewater and surface water leads to a growing demand for novel removal technologies. The use of isolated enzymes has been shown to possess the capability for a targeted application but requires a clearer mechanistic understanding. In this study, the potential of peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) and laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus (LccPO) to transform selected trace organic chemicals was studied using mass spectrometry (MS)-based in vitro enzyme assays. Conversion by HRP appeared to be more efficient compared to LccPO. Diclofenac (DCF) and sotalol (STL) were completely transformed by HRP after 4 h and immediate conversion was observed for acetaminophen (APAP). During treatment with LccPO, 60% of DCF was still detectable after 24 h and no conversion was found for STL. APAP was completely transformed after 20 min. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), carbamazepine (CBZ), ibuprofen (IBP) and naproxen (NAP) were insusceptible to enzymatic conversion. In pharmaceutical mixtures, HRP exhibited a preference for DCF and APAP and the generally less efficient conversion of STL was enhanced in presence of APAP. Transformation product pattern after treatment with HRP revealed polymerization products for DCF while STL showed cleavage reactions. DCF product formation shifted towards a proposed dimeric iminoquinone product in presence of APAP whereas a generally less pronounced product formation in mixtures was observed for STL. In conclusion, the enzymatic treatment approach worked selectively and efficiently for a few pharmaceuticals. However, for application the investigation and possibly immobilization of multiplex enzymes being able to transform diverse chemical structures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara F Stadlmair
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coloumbwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coloumbwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jörg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coloumbwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Graßmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coloumbwall 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Improvement of pro-oxidant capacity of protocatechuic acid by esterification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110277. [PMID: 25340774 PMCID: PMC4207763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-oxidant effects of phenolic compounds are usually correlated to the one-electron redox potential of the phenoxyl radicals. Here we demonstrated that, besides their oxidizability, hydrophobicity can also be a decisive factor. We found that esterification of protocatechuic acid (P0) provoked a profound influence in its pro-oxidant capacity. The esters bearing alkyl chains containing two (P2), four (P4) and seven (P7) carbons, but not the acid precursor (P0), were able to exacerbate the oxidation of trolox, α-tocopherol and rifampicin. This effect was also dependent on the catechol moiety, since neither gallic acid nor butyl gallate showed any pro-oxidant effects. A comparison was also made with apocynin, which is well-characterized regarding its pro-oxidant properties. P7 was more efficient than apocynin regarding co-oxidation of trolox. However, P7 was not able to co-oxidize glutathione and NADH, which are targets of the apocynin radical. A correlation was found between pro-oxidant capacity and the stability of the radicals, as suggested by the intensity of the peak current in the differential pulse voltammetry experiments. In conclusion, taking into account that hydroquinone and related moieties are frequently found in biomolecules and quinone-based chemotherapeutics, our demonstration that esters of protocatechuic acid are specific and potent co-catalysts in their oxidations may be very relevant as a pathway to exacerbate redox cycling reactions, which are usually involved in their biological and pharmacological mechanisms of action.
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9
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González-Sánchez MI, Laurenti M, Rubio-Retama J, Valero E, Lopez-Cabarcos E. Fluorescence Decrease of Conjugated Polymers by the Catalytic Activity of Horseradish Peroxidase and Its Application in Phenolic Compounds Detection. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1332-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200091m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. González-Sánchez
- Physical Chemistry Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - M. Laurenti
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J. Rubio-Retama
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - E. Valero
- Physical Chemistry Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete 02071, Spain
| | - E. Lopez-Cabarcos
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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10
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Qayyum H, Maroof H, Yasha K. Remediation and treatment of organopollutants mediated by peroxidases: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:94-119. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802685306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Kitagawa RR, da Fonseca LM, Ximenes VF, Khalil NM, Vilegas W, Raddi MSG. Ascorbic acid potentiates the cytotoxicity of the naphthoquinone 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2205-2208. [PMID: 18617198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of ascorbic acid with 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin, an 1,4-naphthoquinone, was investigated using the cytotoxic index for McCoy cells by neutral red assay. The synergistic effect was observed when such compounds were added simultaneously, most probably due to hydrogen peroxide being generated by ascorbate-driven 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin redox cycling. Incubation of cells in the presence of 5-methoxy-3,4-dehydroxanthomegnin/ascorbic acid/catalase, an enzyme that destroys H2O2, resulted in an increase of cell survival, reinforcing the involvement of hydrogen peroxide generated as an important oxidizing agent that kills McCoy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R Kitagawa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, s/n, CEP 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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12
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Higuchi A, Siao YD, Yang ST, Hsieh PV, Fukushima H, Chang Y, Ruaan RC, Chen WY. Preparation of a DNA aptamer-Pt complex and its use in the colorimetric sensing of thrombin and anti-thrombin antibodies. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6580-6. [PMID: 18665606 DOI: 10.1021/ac8006957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA aptamers carrying Pt nanoparticles were prepared by the reaction of DNA aptamers (without functionalization with biotin, thiol, or other reactive groups) with K 2[PtCl 4] in solution at 60-90 degrees C. The DNA-Pt complexes possessed peroxidase enzymatic activity while retaining the specific binding ability of the aptamers. The enzymatic reaction of these complexes obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. K M for the DNA-Pt complex was found to be on the same order as K M for hemin and hemin-DNA complex but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of horseradish peroxidase. The rate of the reaction catalyzed by the DNA-Pt complex, k cat, was found to be on the same order as that of hemin and hemin-DNA complex but 2 or 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of horseradish peroxidase. Two types of DNAzyme-linked aptamer assays (DLAAs) were developed using these complexes, which successfully detected target proteins, with the sandwich type of DLAA targeting thrombin and the competitive type of DLAA targeting anti-thrombin IgA/G/M in serum. The DNA-Pt complexes retained their peroxidase enzymatic activity even after heat treatment. DLAAs having high thermal stability were developed using these complexes, which were free of animal and plant matter because neither antibodies nor horseradish peroxidase were used in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan.
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Ximenes VF, Rodrigues AP, Cabello C, de Menezes ML, Fernandes JR. The co-catalytic effect of chlorpromazine on peroxidase-mediated oxidation of melatonin: enhanced production of N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine. J Pineal Res 2008; 44:115-20. [PMID: 18289161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to relationships between increased production of reactive oxygen or decreased antioxidant protection in schizophrenic patients. Chlorpromazine (CPZ), which remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia, has been described as a pro-oxidant compound. Because the antioxidant compound melatonin exerts protective effects against CPZ-induced liver disease in rats, in this investigation, our main objective was to study the effect of CPZ as a co-catalyst of peroxidase-mediated oxidation of melatonin. We found that melatonin was an excellent reductor agent of preformed CPZ cation radical (CPZ(*+)). The addition of CPZ during the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed oxidation of melatonin provoked a significant increase in the rate of oxidation and production of N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK). Similar results were obtained using myeloperoxidase. The effect of CPZ on melatonin oxidation was rather higher at alkaline pH. At pH 9.0, the efficiency of oxidation of melatonin was 15 times higher and the production of AFMK was 30 times higher as compared with the assays in the absence of CPZ. We suggest that CPZ is able to exacerbate the rate of oxidation of melatonin by an electron transfer mechanism where CPZ(*+), generated during the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation, is able to efficiently oxidize melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdecir F Ximenes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
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