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Lee JH, Jo HG, Min SY. East Asian Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Explore (NY) 2022; 19:330-355. [PMID: 36463095 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental illness that can place a significant burden on individuals, their families, and society. East Asian Herbal Medicine (EAHM) has long been used in East Asian nations to treat mental illness in children. Nevertheless, the evidence for the effectiveness of EAHM for the treatment of ADHD is insufficient. A systematic review was performed to examine the effectiveness and safety. In addition, research on core herbal combinations was also conducted to help clinicians in their prescription selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis were prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The following databases were searched: 4 English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE), 4 Korean databases (Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Research Information Service System (RISS), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Korea Citation Index (KCI)), 2 Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Wanfang Data), and 1 Japanese database (CiNii) database. The publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. GRADE pro was used to evaluate the evidence of the study. The core herb combination of EAHM used in this study was revealed using apriori algorithm-based association rule mining. RESULTS This review assessed 42 studies that evaluated 3484 children and adolescents. In meta-analysis, EAHM monotherapy had a similar clinical efficacy rate to conventional medicine (CM) (n = 2166; random effects RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.13; heterogeneity χ2= 25.08, df = 23, p = 0.35, I2=8%). EAHM-combined therapy showed a better clinical efficacy rate than when conventional therapy was used alone (n = 746; fixed effects RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.26; heterogeneity χ2= 11.80, df = 9, p = 0.22, I2=24%). For adverse events, EAHM had a lower incidence than conventional therapy. In GRADE pro, each outcome varied from moderate to very low quality. The constituents of the herb combinations with consistent association rules were Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Polygalae Radix, and Acori Graminei Rhizoma. CONCLUSION EAHM monotherapy has similar effects to CM but with fewer side effects. Hence, it will be helpful for children with ADHD suffering from the side effects of CM. EAHM-combined therapy has a better effect than conventional therapy. Accordingly, it will be useful for children with ADHD who do not respond to treatment with conventional therapy. Nevertheless, more well-designed studies will be needed to confirm this in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Pildong-ro 1-Gil 30, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Geun Jo
- Naturalis Inc. 6, Daewangpangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13549, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yeon Min
- Department of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University Medical Center, Dongguk-ro 27, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Bai X, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Chen R, Guo Y, Kong H, Zhang Y, Qu H, Zhao Y. Carbon Dots Derived from Os Draconis and Their Anxiolytic Effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4975-4988. [PMID: 36275482 PMCID: PMC9583237 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, people are susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress. However, there is no specific medicine for anxiety. Os Draconis (OD, named "Long gu" in Chinese) are fossilized bones that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat neurological diseases for thousands of years. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the biological basis for the anxiolytic effect of OD. METHODS In this study, novel carbon dots (OD-CDs) from OD decoctions were discovered and separated. OD-CDs were anatomized using nanomaterials characterization methods to characterize the morphological structure, optical properties, and functional group properties. Four behavioural tests were conducted to observe the behavioural activities of mice, including the open field test (OFT), light/dark box test (LDT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), to determine its anxiolytic effects. Moreover, we assessed the possible mechanisms of the OD-CDs by detecting hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. RESULTS OD-CDs were spherical and monodispersed with a narrow size distribution between 1 and 5 nm and had a yield of 3.67%. OD-CDs increased the activity time of mice in the central zone in the OFT. The mice in the experimental group showed more frequent activity in the light compartment and the open arms, in LDT and EPMT, respectively. In addition, OD-CDs shortened the feeding latency in the NSFT. Furthermore, the results after OD-CDs intervention showed a significant increase in serum serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). In addition, the concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH), and corticosterone (CORT) were decreased. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a definite anxiolytic effect of OD-CDs and reveal the possible mechanism of action of OD-CDs' anxiolytic effect, which supports the research of OD for neurological disorders and a promising new trend of therapeutic approach and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Institutes of Health Research, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Huihua Qu, Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yan Zhao, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Yoon JH, Kim EH, Park SB, Lee JY, Yoon SW. Traditional Herbal Medicine for Insomnia in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:753140. [PMID: 34776971 PMCID: PMC8581246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.753140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insomnia is one of the most prevalent cancer-related symptoms and has a severe impact on the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional herbal medicine (THM) for improving sleep quality in patients with cancer. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating orally administered THM in a cancer population with insomnia were searched using nine electronic databases up to November 30, 2020. The outcome measurements were sleep quality measured by validated questionnaire such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), total effective rate, and adverse effects. The included studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and meta-analyzed. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method. Results: Fourteen RCTs were included in the systematic review, and 10 RCTs were analyzed quantitatively. Compared to hypnotics, THM showed a significant improvement in sleep quality by reducing the PSQI score [mean difference (MD) -2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.46 to -1.05, I 2 = 84%] and increasing the total effective rate [risk ratio (RR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48, I 2 = 70%] with low quality of evidence. Compared to placebo, THM also reduced the PSQI score significantly (MD -2.56, 95% CI -3.81 to -1.31, I 2 = 91%) with moderate quality of evidence. The most frequently used herbs were Ziziphus jujuba Mill. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusion: This review suggests that THM may be an effective therapeutic option for insomnia in patients with cancer. However, considering the limited methodological qualities and inconsistent results of the included trials, further rigorous RCTs are required. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], PROSPERO 2021 [CRD42021265070].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Yoon
- Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Bin Park
- Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Woo Yoon
- Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
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Sobreira Dantas Nóbrega de Figuêiredo FR, Monteiro ÁB, Alencar de Menezes IR, Sales VDS, Petícia do Nascimento E, Kelly de Souza Rodrigues C, Bitu Primo AJ, Paulo da Cruz L, Amaro ÉDN, de Araújo Delmondes G, Leite de Oliveira Sobreira Nóbrega JP, Pereira Lopes MJ, Martins da Costa JG, Bezerra Felipe CF, Kerntopf MR. Effects of the Hyptis martiusii Benth. leaf essential oil and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on the central nervous system of mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110802. [PMID: 31493462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the central effects of the Hyptis martiusii leaf essential oil (OEHM) and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) using behavioral animal models. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to characterize the chemical compounds present in the OEHM. For the behavioral tests, female Swiss mice treated with the OEHM (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and 1,8-cineole (50 mg/kg, i.p.) were used and subjected to the following tests: open field, elevated cross maze, rotarod, sodium pentobarbital- or ethyl ether-induced sleep time, pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and ketamine-induced hyperkinesia. GC/MS analysis identified 20 constituents with the majority of them being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the major sample compound (25.93%), standing out. The results showed the OEHM (25, 50 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and its major compound (50 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced animal motility in the open field test, increased pentobarbital- and ethyl ether-induced sleep time, as well as death latency in the pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion model. However, the tested compounds were devoid of anxiolytic-like and myorelaxant activity. In addition, the OEHM (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and 1,8-cineole (50 mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated haloperidol-induced catalepsy and reduced ketamine-induced hyperkinesia. Taken together, the results suggest the OEHM has important hypnotic-sedative and antipsychotic-like effects, which appear to be due to the monoterpene 1,8-cineole, the major compound identified in the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álefe Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Pharmacology, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Valterlúcio Dos Santos Sales
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmily Petícia do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kelly de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Jaqueline Bitu Primo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Luzia Paulo da Cruz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Érika do Nascimento Amaro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Janice Pereira Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, 515 Tenente Raimundo Rocha Av, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária St, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Marta Regina Kerntopf
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Natural Products, Regional University of Cariri, 1161 Cel., Antonio Luis St, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil.
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Oguri K, Ueda T, Takahashi K. Transition in Longgu Surface Associated with Decoction Process of Keishikaryukotsuboreito. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:693-698. [PMID: 31257324 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aim to attain the sustainable use of longgu and have investigated the significance of longgu in Keishikaryukotsuboreito (KRB) decoction. We have already reported that longgu alters compound profiles in KRB decoction and hypothesized that it does so by adsorbing foreign organic compounds into its superficial pores. In the present study, we focused on the adsorbability of organic materials onto longgu surface as the cause of component profile alteration. We analyzed the physical changes in longgu through the decoction process by measuring the adsorbed water on longgu surface. 1H magic angle spinning NMR (1H-MASNMR) spectroscopic analysis revealed that raw longgu (R-raw) as well as decocted longgu [whether single (R-r) or KRB (R-krb) decoction] adsorbed water. However, the amount of adsorbed water in R-krb was smaller than that in R-raw and R-r. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms of longgu samples indicated that longgu was macroporous. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of R-krb was smaller than that of R-raw and R-r. Further, thermogravimetric analysis of longgu samples showed that R-krb adsorbed matter that R-raw and R-r did not adsorb. The above findings and the 1H-MASNMR analysis of heated longgu samples suggested that longgu adsorbed organic compounds into the pores. We considered that longgu adsorbed organic compounds during KRB decoction into its superficial pores through the decoction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Oguri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | | | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,The Museum of Osaka University
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Successful Spontaneous Conception and Live Birth in a Woman with an Extremely Low Level of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Who Received Korean Herbal Medicine (Bogungsamul-tang): A Case Report. Explore (NY) 2017; 13:218-221. [PMID: 28343768 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conventional treatments do not appreciably improve fecundity in women with extremely low-serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). In Korea, herbal medicine is widely used to treat female infertility. We report a case in which an infertile woman with a very low AMH level naturally conceived after two months of herbal treatment (Bogungsamul-tang), ultimately giving birth to a full-term baby. Although AMH levels were not measured immediately before and after treatment, our study suggests that Korean herbal remedies are a viable option for infertile women with negligible AMH levels. Further studies should be performed to fully assess the clinical effects of Bogungsamul-tang in such women.
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Oguri K, Kawase M, Harada K, Shimada-Takaura K, Takahashi T, Takahashi K. Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) alters the profiles of organic and inorganic components in Keishikaryukotsuboreito. J Nat Med 2016; 70:483-91. [PMID: 26841944 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Longgu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) is a non-botanical crude drug, defined as "the ossified bone of large mammal" in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia sixteenth edition (JP16). It is a non-reproducible drug and is now facing the threat of exhaustion. To solve this problem, we aimed to clarify the role of longgu in Kampo prescriptions, which has not yet been scientifically ascertained. In this study, we focused on decoction of Keishikaryukotsuboreito (KRB). The profile of inorganic and organic components in the extract was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID), respectively. Twenty-five elements were detected by ICP-MS in KRB and longgu-free KRB (KB) decoctions. However, 23 elements were detected in unadultrated longgu (R) decoctions, and their total amount was 30 times lower than those of the KRB and KB decoctions were. No organic compounds were detected in R decoctions by GC/FID, though many were detected in KRB and KB decoctions. KRB decoctions were distinguished from KB decoctions by multivariate analysis. The only difference in the crude drugs was the presence of longgu, and therefore the difference in the profiles was attributed to the effect of longgu. Longgu was submitted to terahertz (THz) wave spectrometry after the decocting process. The THz spectra indicated that longgu adsorbed compounds during the KRB decoction. These results suggested that longgu not only releases its components, but also adsorbs ingredients from other crude drugs during decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Oguri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawase
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura-cho, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kazuo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kayoko Shimada-Takaura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- The Museum of Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Takahashi
- Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka, 590-0494, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- The Museum of Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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Ma Y, Ma H, Eun JS, Nam SY, Kim YB, Hong JT, Lee MK, Oh KW. Methanol extract of Longanae Arillus augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of GABAergic systems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:245-250. [PMID: 19330921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate whether methanol extract of Longanae Arillus (MELA) has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the GABAergic systems. MELA prolonged sleep time and reduced sleep latency induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABAA receptors agonist. MELA also increased sleep rate and sleep time in the combined administration with pentobarbital at the sub-hypnotic dosage and showed synergic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital. However, MELA itself did not induce sleep at higher dose which was used in this experiment. In addition, both of MELA and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. MELA increased GABAA receptors gamma-subunit expression and had no effect on the expression of alpha- and beta-subunits, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, showing different expression of subunits from pentobarbital. In conclusion, MELA itself does not induce sleep, but it augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of GABAergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Chen R, Moriya J, Yamakawa JI, Takahashi T, Kanda T. Traditional chinese medicine for chronic fatigue syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 7:3-10. [PMID: 18955323 PMCID: PMC2816380 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
More and more patients have been diagnosed as having chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in recent years. Western drug use for this syndrome is often associated with many side-effects and little clinical benefit. As an alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has provided some evidences based upon ancient texts and recent studies, not only to offer clinical benefit but also offer insights into their mechanisms of action. It has perceived advantages such as being natural, effective and safe to ameliorate symptoms of CFS such as fatigue, disordered sleep, cognitive handicaps and other complex complaints, although there are some limitations regarding the diagnostic standards and methodology in related clinical or experimental studies. Modern mechanisms of TCM on CFS mainly focus on adjusting immune dysfunction, regulating abnormal activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serving as an antioxidant. It is vitally important for the further development to establish standards for ‘zheng’ of CFS, i.e. the different types of CFS pathogenesis in TCM, to perform randomized and controlled trials of TCM on CFS and to make full use of the latest biological, biochemical, molecular and immunological approaches in the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China and Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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