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Monti L, Hanover R, Salmán E, Baker RA, Lappalainen J, Smith M. Effect of fasedienol (PH94B) pherine nasal spray and steroidal hormones on electrogram responses and autonomic nervous system activity in healthy adult volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:e2892. [PMID: 38193849 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fasedienol (PH94B) is a pherine compound formulated as a nasal spray that is hypothesized to regulate olfactory-amygdala circuits of fear and anxiety. Fasedienol's effect on the local electrogram of nasal chemosensory neurons (EGNR) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses versus steroidal hormones and controls in healthy adults is reported. METHODS Eight males and 8 females randomly received aerosolized control (propylene glycol) and study drugs (fasedienol, 17β-estradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone, 0.4 μg each in propylene glycol) onto the nasal septum mucosal lining at 30-min intervals over 2 sessions. EGNR was continuously monitored; autonomic parameters were recorded before and after administration. RESULTS Fasedienol significantly increased EGNR amplitude (males: 5.0 vs. 0.6 mV, p < 0.001; females:5.7 vs. 0.6 mV, p < 0.001), and rapidly reduced respiratory rate (p < 0.05), heart rate (p < 0.01), and electrodermal activity (p < 0.05) versus control. EGNR and ANS responses after steroidal hormone administration were similar to control. 81% reported feeling less tense/more relaxed after receiving fasedienol, but not after receiving either control or steroidal hormones. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal fasedienol, but not control or steroidal hormones, activated EGNR and rapidly reduced ANS responses, consistent with sympatholytic effects. Combined with subjective reports, results suggest fasedienol may provide acute relief in anxiety conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monti
- Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rita Hanover
- Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ester Salmán
- Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ross A Baker
- Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Smith
- Vistagen Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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Selvaraj LK, Jeyabalan S, Wong LS, Sekar M, Logeshwari B, Umamaheswari S, Premkumar S, Sekar RT, Begum MY, Gan SH, Izzati Mat Rani NN, Chidambaram K, Subramaniyan V, Al Fatease A, Alamri A, Sathasivam KV, Selvaraj S, Vijeepallam K, Fuloria S, Fuloria NK. Baicalein prevents stress-induced anxiety behaviors in zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990799. [PMID: 36386131 PMCID: PMC9659741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein is a flavonoid mainly obtained from plants with wide range of biological activities, including neuroprotection. An acute and unexpected chronic stress (UCS) protocol has recently been adapted to zebrafish, a popular vertebrate model in brain research. The present study was aimed to evaluate baicalein's anti-anxiety potential in a zebrafish model by induction, which included neuropharmacological evaluation to determine behavioural parameters in the novel tank diving test (NTDT) and light-dark preference test (LDPT). The toxicity was also assessed using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) was determined. The animals were then stressed for 7 days before being treated with different doses of baicalein (1 and 2 mg/L) for another 7 days in UCS condition. Due to acute stress and UCS, the frequency of entries and time spent in the 1) top region and 2) light area of the novel tank reduced significantly, indicating the existence of elevated anxiety levels. The biological activity of baicalein was demonstrated by its high LC50 values (1,000 μg/ml). Additionally, baicalein administration increased the frequency of entries and duration spent in the light region, indicating a significant decrease in anxiety levels. Overall, the present results showed that baicalein has a therapeutic advantage in reversing the detrimental consequences of UCS and acute stress, making it is a promising lead molecule for new drug design, development, and therapy for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logesh Kumar Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth Jeyabalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - B. Logeshwari
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Umamaheswari
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Premkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshan Tej Sekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical andTechnical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen Y, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Bai X, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Chen R, Guo Y, Kong H, Zhang Y, Qu H, Zhao Y. Carbon Dots Derived from Os Draconis and Their Anxiolytic Effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4975-4988. [PMID: 36275482 PMCID: PMC9583237 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s382112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, people are susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress. However, there is no specific medicine for anxiety. Os Draconis (OD, named "Long gu" in Chinese) are fossilized bones that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat neurological diseases for thousands of years. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the biological basis for the anxiolytic effect of OD. METHODS In this study, novel carbon dots (OD-CDs) from OD decoctions were discovered and separated. OD-CDs were anatomized using nanomaterials characterization methods to characterize the morphological structure, optical properties, and functional group properties. Four behavioural tests were conducted to observe the behavioural activities of mice, including the open field test (OFT), light/dark box test (LDT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), to determine its anxiolytic effects. Moreover, we assessed the possible mechanisms of the OD-CDs by detecting hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. RESULTS OD-CDs were spherical and monodispersed with a narrow size distribution between 1 and 5 nm and had a yield of 3.67%. OD-CDs increased the activity time of mice in the central zone in the OFT. The mice in the experimental group showed more frequent activity in the light compartment and the open arms, in LDT and EPMT, respectively. In addition, OD-CDs shortened the feeding latency in the NSFT. Furthermore, the results after OD-CDs intervention showed a significant increase in serum serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). In addition, the concentrations of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH), and corticosterone (CORT) were decreased. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a definite anxiolytic effect of OD-CDs and reveal the possible mechanism of action of OD-CDs' anxiolytic effect, which supports the research of OD for neurological disorders and a promising new trend of therapeutic approach and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Institutes of Health Research, Mayinglong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Huihua Qu, Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yan Zhao, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Ankali KN, Rangaswamy J, Shalavadi M, Naik N. Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Iminostilbene Linked 1,2,3-Triazole Pharmacophores as Promising AntiAnxiety and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2021; 18:260-272. [PMID: 34102985 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210608141746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iminostilbene and 1,2,3-triazole ring containing compounds are considered as beneficial substrates in drug design. OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at the synthesis of novel series of iminostilbene linked 1,2,3- triazole pharmacophores (7c-n) by Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction between 5- (Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine (7b) and various substituted azidobenzene derivatives (3cn). METHODS The chemical structures of compounds were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS and molecular docking studies were carried out through HEX docking software. RESULTS The in vivo anti anxiety capacity of the compounds was evaluated by using "elevated plus maze" (EPM), anxiety model. The results exhibited that compounds (7d, 7e, 7j and 7k) have a higher anti anxiety effect close to diazepam. The anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by "Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema" model, compounds (7b, 7c, 7d, 7f, and 7j) demonstrated statistically significant inflammatory activity. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compounds (7d, 7e and 7j) bound to GABA(A) proteins show more efficiency when compared to the other analogues in the series. CONCLUSION These results suggest that compounds (7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, and 7j) can be considered as novel candidates for anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, docking method was used to elucidate anti-anxiety effect of compounds. This study furnished insight into the molecular interactions of synthesized compounds with their physiological targets, and the potential to develop bioactive heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariyappa N Ankali
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Javarappa Rangaswamy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallappa Shalavadi
- Department of Pharmacology, HSK College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot-587101, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja Naik
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570006, Karnataka, India
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Zhang WD, Chen XY, Wu C, Lian YN, Wang YJ, Wang JH, Yang F, Liu CH, Li XY. Evodiamine reduced peripheral hypersensitivity on the mouse with nerve injury or inflammation. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920902563. [PMID: 31992128 PMCID: PMC6990609 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920902563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of chronic pain is still hard, and new analgesic drugs are needed. Evodiamine (Evo) and rutaecarpine (Rut) are two major active components of Evodia rutaecarpa, a Chinese traditional medicine that has been used as an analgesic for a long time. However, their effects on peripheral hypersensitivity remain unknown. Similar to capsaicin, the Evo and Rut were docked to the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in molecular simulation experiments. Moreover, Evo (10 µM) and Rut (50 µM) activated TRPV1 on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells in electrophysiological recording experiments. Behaviorally, the application of Evo and Rut reduced peripheral hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked by capsazepine (a selective inhibitor of TRPV1). Furthermore, both Evo and Rut increased time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze on mice with nerve injury. These observations suggested that Evo and Rut reduced peripheral hypersensitivity and anxiety in mice with nerve injury or inflammation via TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Na Lian
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yao Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Cheng X, Chen Z, Zhang L, Xu P, Qin F, Jiao X, Wang Y, Lin M, Zeng L, Huang L, Yu D. Efficacy and Safety of Midazolam Oral Solution for Sedative Hypnosis and Anti-anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:225. [PMID: 32256348 PMCID: PMC7093581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Midazolam is recommended by health guidelines for sedation and hypnosis in children. Oral solution is a suitable dosage form for children. But there is no conclusive evidence for sedative-hypnosis and antianxiety effects by midazolam oral solution in children. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, International Pharmaceuticals, four Chinese electronic databases, and relevant lists. Two reviewers independently selected trials, assessed trial quality, and extracted the data. Results: Eighty-nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing midazolam oral solution with placebo or blank (n = 33), dexmedetomidine (n = 15), ketamine (n = 11), different midazolam doses (n = 10), midazolam injection (n = 8), chloral hydrate (n = 7), diazepam (n = 5), N2O (n = 5), triclofos (n = 4), butorphanol (n = 2), fentanyl (n = 2), hydroxyzine (n = 1), and thiopental (n = 1) were identified. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the success rate and duration of sedation and hypnosis between midazolam oral and injectable solution (P > 0.05). The success rate of sedation and hypnosis of midazolam was higher than that of ketamine [risk ratio (RR) = 1.32, 95% CI (1.07, 1.62), I 2 = 0%, P < 0.01]. No significant difference was found in the success rate of sedation and hypnosis, mask acceptance, and parental separation between midazolam oral solution and dexmedetomidine (P > 0.05), and the result of one cohort study was consistent. The results of RCTs and a prospective cohort study showed that the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) was 19.57% (189/966). Incidence of adverse reactions between dose groups of (0.25, 0.5] and (0.5, 1.0] mg/kg was similar [Pf (95% CI) = 0.10 (0.04, 0.24) and Pf (95% CI) = 0.09 (0.02, 0.39), respectively], higher than that of the dose group of (0, 0.25] mg/kg [Pf (95% CI) = 0.01 (0.00, 0.19)]. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that midazolam oral solution is as good as midazolam injection and dexmedetomidine and is better than ketamine. Based on efficacy and safety results, an oral midazolam solution dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg is recommended for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Miyazaki S, Oikawa H, Takekoshi H, Hoshizaki M, Ogata M, Fujikawa T. Anxiolytic Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS Occur via Regulation of Autonomic Function and Activate Hippocampal BDNF⁻TrkB Signaling. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010132. [PMID: 30602695 PMCID: PMC6337493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental stress, such as anxiety and conflict, causes physiological changes, such as changes in autonomic nervous activity and gastric ulcers. In addition, stress induces glucocorticoids and changes the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels. We previously reported that Acanthopanax senticosus HARM (ASH) prevents stress-induced gastric ulcers. Thus, we investigated the potential anxiolytic effect and influence of ASH on the hippocampus BDNF-related protein in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed 1% and 5% ASH extract-containing food for one week using novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) and improved elevated beam walking (IEBW) tests. ASH treatment significantly decreased latency to eat in the NSF test and increased the time spent on the open arm in the IEBW test. ASH5% treatment showed a significant decrease in LFnu, indicative of sympathetic nervous activity, and a significant increase in HFnu, indicative of parasympathetic nervous activity, in the NSF test. In addition, ASH1% and ASH5% treatments significantly decreased LFnu and significantly increased HFnu in the IEBW test. ASH5% treatment significantly increased hippocampal BDNF protein expression in both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry experiments. Our findings suggest that anxiolytic effects of ASH occur via the regulation of autonomic function and increased hippocampal BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Prophylaxis and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie 513-8670, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie 513-8670, Japan.
| | - Hideo Takekoshi
- Sun Chlorella Corp., Production & Development Department, 369 Osaka-cho, Karasuma-dori Gojo-sagaru, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8177, Japan.
| | - Masako Hoshizaki
- Sun Chlorella Corp., Production & Development Department, 369 Osaka-cho, Karasuma-dori Gojo-sagaru, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8177, Japan.
| | - Masato Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Takahiko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Prophylaxis and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie 513-8670, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie 513-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Wang S, Wang C, Yu Z, Wu C, Peng D, Liu X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Guo P, Wei J. Agarwood Essential Oil Ameliorates Restrain Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depression by Inhibiting HPA Axis Hyperactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3468. [PMID: 30400578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous investigation, we found that agarwood essential oil (AEO) has a sedative-hypnotic effect. Sedative-hypnotic drugs usually have an anxiolytic effect, where concomitant anxiety and depression are a common comorbidity. Therefore, this study further investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of AEO using a series of animal behavior tests on a restraint stress-induced mice model. The elevated plus maze (EPM) test, the light dark exploration (LDE) test, and the open field (OF) test demonstrated that AEO has a significant anxiolytic effect. Simultaneously, the tail suspension (TS) test and the forced swimming (FS) test illuminated that AEO has an antidepressant effect with the immobility time decreased. Stress can cause cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) elevation, and further lead to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. AEO was shown to dose-dependently inhibit the levels of cytokines, including interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum, significantly decrease the mRNA level of neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and inhibit the nNOS protein level in the hippocampus. Concomitant measurements of the HPA axis upstream regulator corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and its receptor CRFR found that AEO significantly decreases the gene expression of CRF, and significantly inhibits the gene transcription and protein expression of CRFR in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, AEO dose-dependently reduces the concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) downstream of the HPA axis, as measured by ELISA kits. These results together demonstrate that AEO exerts anxiolytic and antidepressant effects which are related to the inhibition of CRF and hyperactivity of the HPA axis.
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Wang SN, Ding YS, Ma XJ, Zhao CB, Lin MX, Luo J, Jiang YN, He S, Guo JY, Shi JL. Identification of Bioactive Chemical Markers in Zhi zhu xiang Improving Anxiety in Rat by Fingerprint-Efficacy Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E2329. [PMID: 30213112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zhi zhu xiang (ZZX for short) is the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used to treat various mood disorders for more than 2000 years, especially anxiety. The aim of the present work was to identify the bioactive chemical markers in Zhi zhu xiang improving anxiety in rats by a fingerprint-efficacy study. More specifically, the chemical fingerprint of ZZX samples collected from 10 different regions was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the similarity analyses were calculated based on 10 common characteristic peaks. The anti-anxiety effect of ZZX on empty bottle stimulated rats was examined through the Open Field Test (OFT) and the Elevated Plus Maze Test (EPM). Then we measured the concentration of CRF, ACTH, and CORT in rat’s plasma by the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit, while the concentration of monoamine and metabolites (NE, DA, DOPAC, HVA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA) in the rat’s cerebral cortex and hippocampus was analysed by HPLC coupled with an Electrochemical Detector. At last, the fingerprint-efficacy study between chemical fingerprint and anti-anxiety effect of ZZX was accomplished by partial least squares regression (PLSR). As a result, we screened out four compounds (hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C) as the bioactive chemical markers for the anti-anxiety effect of ZZX. The fingerprint-efficacy study we established might provide a feasible way and some elicitation for the identification of the bioactive chemical markers for TCM.
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Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. The Effect of the Human Peptide GHK on Gene Expression Relevant to Nervous System Function and Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E20. [PMID: 28212278 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, the progressive death of neurons, loss of brain function, and cognitive decline is an increasing problem for senior populations. Its causes are poorly understood and therapies are largely ineffective. Neurons, with high energy and oxygen requirements, are especially vulnerable to detrimental factors, including age-related dysregulation of biochemical pathways caused by altered expression of multiple genes. GHK (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) is a human copper-binding peptide with biological actions that appear to counter aging-associated diseases and conditions. GHK, which declines with age, has health promoting effects on many tissues such as chondrocytes, liver cells and human fibroblasts, improves wound healing and tissue regeneration (skin, hair follicles, stomach and intestinal linings, boney tissue), increases collagen, decorin, angiogenesis, and nerve outgrowth, possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-pain and anti-anxiety effects, increases cellular stemness and the secretion of trophic factors by mesenchymal stem cells. Studies using the Broad Institute Connectivity Map show that GHK peptide modulates expression of multiple genes, resetting pathological gene expression patterns back to health. GHK has been recommended as a treatment for metastatic cancer, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, inflammation, acute lung injury, activating stem cells, pain, and anxiety. Here, we present GHK’s effects on gene expression relevant to the nervous system health and function.
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Bradford WD, Lastrapes WD. A prescription for unemployment? Recessions and the demand for mental health drugs. Health Econ 2014; 23:1301-25. [PMID: 23956154 DOI: 10.1002/hec.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the relationship between mental health drug prescriptions and the level of labor market activity in the USA. Based on monthly data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of physicians and aggregated by US census regions, we find that the number of mental health drug prescriptions (those aimed at alleviating depression and anxiety) rises by about 10% when employment falls by 1% and when unemployment rises by 100 basis points, but only for patients in the Northeast region. This paper is one of the first to look at compensatory health behavior in response to the business cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Bradford
- Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Rabbani M, Sajjadi SE, Sadeghi M. Chemical composition of the essential oil from kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. and the evaluation of its sedative and anxiolytic effects in mice. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:843-8. [PMID: 21789390 PMCID: PMC3109385 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic effects of the essential oils and hydroalcoholic extract of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (K. odoratissima) in mice by utilizing an elevated plus maze. The chemical composition of its essential oil was also determined. METHODS The hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction from this plant were administered intraperitoneally to male mice at various doses 30 min before testing. The anxiolytic and sedative effects were determined by an elevated plus maze and locomotor activity tests, respectively. RESULTS According to the results, none of the administered doses of hydroalcoholic extract or essential oil fraction of K. odoratissima changed the percentage of the time spent or number of entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In contrast, the cumulative spontaneous locomotor activity of mice treated with the essential oil or hydroalcoholic extract was significantly decreased. Chemical analysis of the essential oil by Gas chromatography-mass spectromentry (GC-MS) showed that 3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide (85.9%) was the major component. CONCLUSION These data confirm the sedative properties of K. odoratissima, yet there were no profound anxiolytic effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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