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Yokohata S, Ohkura K, Nagamune H, Tomoyasu T, Tabata A. Human serum albumin stabilizes streptolysin S activity secreted in the extracellular milieu by streptolysin S-producing streptococci. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:58-68. [PMID: 36478453 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anginosus group streptococci (AGS) are opportunistic pathogens of the human oral cavity; however, their pathogenicity has not been discussed in detail. Oral streptococci live in the gingival sulcus, from where they can easily translocate into the bloodstream due to periodontal diseases and dental treatment and cause hazardous effects on the host through their virulence factors. Streptolysin S (SLS), a pathogenic factor produced by β-hemolytic species/strains belonging to AGS, plays an important role in damaging host cells. Therefore, we investigated the SLS-dependent cytotoxicity of β-hemolytic Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus (SAA), focusing on different growth conditions such as in the bloodstream. Consequently, SLS-dependent hemolytic activity/cytotoxicity in the culture supernatant of β-hemolytic SAA was stabilized by blood components, particularly human serum albumin (HSA). The present study suggests that the secreted SLS, not only from β-hemolytic SAA, but also from other SLS-producing streptococci, is stabilized by HSA. As HSA is the most abundant protein in human plasma, the results of this study provide new insights into the risk of SLS-producing streptococci which can translocate into the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Yokohata
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ohkura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Division of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Yuan Y, Feng Z, Wang J. Vibrio vulnificus Hemolysin: Biological Activity, Regulation of vvhA Expression, and Role in Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599439. [PMID: 33193453 PMCID: PMC7644469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) hemolysin (VVH) is a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). Although there has been some debate surrounding the in vivo virulence effects of the VVH, it is becoming increasingly clear that it drives different cellular outcomes and is involved in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus. This minireview outlines recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of vvhA gene expression, the biological activity of the VVH and its role in pathogenesis. An in-depth examination of the role of the VVH in V. vulnificus pathogenesis will help reveal the potential targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions to treat fatal V. vulnificus septicemia in humans. Future directions in VVH research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
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Lai W, Li D, Wang Q, Nan X, Xiang Z, Ma Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Tian J, Fang Q. A Protein Corona Adsorbed to a Bacterial Magnetosome Affects Its Cellular Uptake. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1481-1498. [PMID: 32189964 PMCID: PMC7065717 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is well known that when exposed to human blood plasma, nanoparticles are predominantly coated by a layer of proteins, forming a corona that will mediate the subsequent cell interactions. Magnetosomes are protein-rich membrane nanoparticles which are synthesized by magnetic bacteria; these have gained a lot of attention owing to their unique magnetic and biochemical characteristics. Nevertheless, whether bacterial magnetosomes have a corona after interacting with the plasma, and how such a corona affects nanoparticle–cell interactions is yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to characterize corona formation around a bacterial magnetosome and to assess the functional consequences. Methods Magnetosomes were isolated from the magnetotactic bacteria, M. gryphiswaldense (MSR-1). Size, morphology, and zeta potential were measured by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. A quantitative characterization of plasma corona proteins was performed using LC-MS/MS. Protein absorption was further examined by circular dichroism and the effect of the corona on cellular uptake was investigated by microscopy and spectroscopy. Results Various serum proteins were found to be selectively adsorbed on the surface of the bacterial magnetosomes following plasma exposure, forming a corona. Compared to the pristine magnetosomes, the acquired corona promoted efficient cellular uptake by human vascular endothelial cells. Using a protein-interaction prediction method, we identified cell surface receptors that could potentially associate with abundant corona components. Of these, one abundant corona protein, ApoE, may be responsible for internalization of the magnetosome-corona complex through LDL receptor-mediated internalization. Conclusion Our findings provide clues as to the physiological response to magnetosomes and also reveal the corona composition of this membrane-coated nanomaterial after exposure to blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Nan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichu Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- Aviation Service Department, Yantai Engineering & Technology College, Yantai 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankui Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiesheng Tian
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Celedón G, González G, Gulppi F, Pazos F, Lanio ME, Alvarez C, Calderón C, Montecinos R, Lissi E. Effect of human serum albumin upon the permeabilizing activity of sticholysin II, a pore forming toxin from Stichodactyla heliantus. Protein J 2013; 32:593-600. [PMID: 24197505 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sticholysin II (St II) is a haemolytic toxin isolated from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. The high haemolytic activity of this toxin is strongly dependent on the red cell status and the macromolecule conformation. In the present communication we evaluate the effect of human serum albumin on St II haemolytic activity and its capacity to form pores in the bilayer of synthetic liposomes. St II retains its pore forming capacity in the presence of large concentrations (up to 500 μM) of human serum albumin. This effect is observed both in its capacity to produce red blood cells haemolysis and to generate functional pores in liposomes. In particular, the capacity of the toxin to lyse red blood cells increases in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). Regarding the rate of the pore forming process, it is moderately decreased in liposomes and in red blood cells, in spite of an almost total coverage of the interface by albumin. All the data obtained in red cells and model membranes show that St II remains lytically active even in the presence of high HSA concentrations. This stubbornness can explain why the toxin is able to exert its haemolytic activity on membranes immersed in complex plasma matrixes such as those present in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Celedón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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Hasegawa H, Häse CC. The extracellular metalloprotease of Vibrio tubiashii directly inhibits its extracellular haemolysin. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2296-2305. [PMID: 19389767 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.028605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio tubiashii is a re-emerging pathogen of molluscs that secretes a variety of extracellular products (ECPs), including a metalloprotease and a cytolysin/haemolysin. Previously, we reported that the V. tubiashii haemolysin locus consists of two ORFs (vthB and vthA), similar to that of the homologous haemolysin genes (vvhB and vvhA) found in Vibrio vulnificus. Here, we demonstrate that the concomitant expression of both V. tubiashii genes resulted in significantly higher haemolytic activity than the vthA gene alone. In addition, we created a VthAB- mutant strain of V. tubiashii that was virtually devoid of haemolytic activity in liquid media. Interestingly, significant production of an additional haemolysin(s) was observed on blood plates. Moreover, we have previously reported that in V. tubiashii, proteolytic and haemolytic activities are inversely produced during bacterial growth. Here, we study this correlation in more detail and present evidence that the VtpA metalloprotease inhibits haemolytic activity in culture supernatants, based on the following evidence: (i) loss of metalloprotease activity by either mutation or EDTA inhibition resulted in increased haemolytic activity; (ii) overexpression of the vtpA gene resulted in decreased haemolytic activity; (iii) purified VtpA metalloprotease directly diminished haemolytic activity by purified VthA haemolysin. Importantly, we found not only that vthAB gene expression remained high throughout growth but also that there were no dramatic differences in vthAB gene expression between the parent and VtpA- mutant strains. Thus, our results strongly suggest that the V. tubiashii metalloprotease directly targets its haemolysin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hasegawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Claudia C Häse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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