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Viger RS, de Mattos K, Tremblay JJ. Insights Into the Roles of GATA Factors in Mammalian Testis Development and the Control of Fetal Testis Gene Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902198. [PMID: 35692407 PMCID: PMC9178088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how genes get turned on and off in a correct spatiotemporal manner is integral to our understanding of the development, differentiation, and function of different cell types in both health and disease. Testis development and subsequent male sex differentiation of the XY fetus are well-orchestrated processes that require an intricate network of cell-cell communication and hormonal signals that must be properly interpreted at the genomic level. Transcription factors are at the forefront for translating these signals into a coordinated genomic response. The GATA family of transcriptional regulators were first described as essential regulators of hematopoietic cell differentiation and heart morphogenesis but are now known to impact the development and function of a multitude of tissues and cell types. The mammalian testis is no exception where GATA factors play essential roles in directing the expression of genes crucial not only for testis differentiation but also testis function in the developing male fetus and later in adulthood. This minireview provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of GATA factors in the male gonad with a particular emphasis on their mechanisms of action in the control of testis development, gene expression in the fetal testis, testicular disease, and XY sex differentiation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Viger
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robert S. Viger,
| | - Karine de Mattos
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques J. Tremblay
- Centre de recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec—Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Fan D, Pang S, Chen J, Shan J, Cheng Q, Yan B. Identification and functional study of GATA4 gene regulatory variants in atrial septal defects. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:321. [PMID: 34193080 PMCID: PMC8243876 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality from birth defects. In adult CHD patients with successful surgical repair, cardiac complications including heart failure develop at late stage, likely due to genetic causes. To date, many mutations in cardiac developmental genes have been associated with CHD. Recently, regulatory variants in genes have been linked to many human diseases. Although mutations and splicing variants in GATA4 gene have been reported in CHD patients, few regulatory variants of GATA4 gene are identified in CHD patients. Methods GATA4 gene regulatory region was investigated in the patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) (n = 332) and ethnic-matched controls (n = 336). Results Five heterozygous regulatory variants including four SNPs [g.31360 T>C (rs372004083), g.31436G>A, g.31437C>A (rs769262495), g.31487C>G (rs1053351749) and g.31856C>T (rs1385460518)] were only identified in ASD patients. Functional analysis indicated that the regulatory variants significantly affected the transcriptional activity of GATA4 gene promoter. Furthermore, two of the five regulatory variants have evidently effected on transcription factor binding sites. Conclusions Our data suggested that GATA4 gene regulatory variants may confer ASD susceptibility by decreasing GATA4 levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02136-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchen Fan
- Division of Medical Ultrasonics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiping Shan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Qianjin Cheng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, 272029, Shandong, China.
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Ding L, Cai M, Chen L, Yan H, Lu S, Pang S, Yan B. Identification and functional study of GATA4 gene regulatory variants in type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:73. [PMID: 33865372 PMCID: PMC8052808 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a common and complex disease. Dysfunction of pancreatic β cells, which cannot release sufficient insulin, plays a central role in T2D. Genetics plays a critical role in T2D etiology. Transcription factor GATA4 is required for the pancreatic development, and GATA4 gene mutations are implicated in neonatal or childhood-onset diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether regulatory variants in GATA4 gene may change GATA4 levels, conferring susceptibility to T2D development. METHODS The promoter region of GATA4 gene was analyzed by targeted sequencing in T2D patients (n = 255) and ethnic-matched controls (n = 371). Dual luciferase activity assay was used for functional study, and EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) was performed for detecting transcription factor binding. RESULTS Thirteen regulatory variants including 5 SNPs were identified. A novel heterozygous variant (32124C > T) and one SNP [31487C > G (rs1053351749)] were only identified in T2D. Both regulatory variants significantly affected GATA4 gene promoter activity in cultured HEK-293 and INS-1 cells. Furthermore, the variant (32124C > T) evidently enhanced the binding of unknown transcriptional activator. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that GATA4 gene regulatory variants may contribute to T2D development as a rare risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Ding
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Mengdi Cai
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Han Yan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Shicheng Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272029, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Yanzhou People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272029, Shandong, China.
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Chen J, Wang S, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B, Hawley RG. Functional genetic variants of the GATA4 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2861-2868. [PMID: 30720078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a common complex disease; however, the genetic causes remain largely unknown. Recent epidemiological investigations indicated that the incidence of CAD in patients with congenital heart diseases is markedly higher than that observed in healthy controls. It was therefore hypothesized that the dysregulated expression of cardiac developmental genes may be involved in CAD development. GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) serves essential roles in heart development and coronary vessel formation. In the present study, the GATA4 gene promoter was analyzed in patients with AMI (n=395) and in ethnically‑matched healthy controls (n=397). A total of 14 DNA variants were identified, including two single‑nucleotide polymorphisms. Three novel heterozygous DNA variants (g.31806C>T, g.31900G>C and g.32241C>T) were reported in three patients with AMI. These DNA variants significantly increased the activity of the GATA4 gene promoter. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the DNA variant g.32241C>T influenced the binding ability of transcription factors. Taken together, the DNA variants may alter GATA4 gene promoter activity and affect GATA4 levels, thus contributing to AMI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Ai HH, Liu B, Yang MT, Zuo QQ, Song ZB, Bao YL, Sun LG, Zhou L, Li YX. Expression and effects of TSP50 in mouse embryo and cardiac myocyte development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:283-288. [PMID: 29842883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TSP50, a testis-specific gene encoding a serine protease-like protein, was specifically expressed in the spermatocytes of testes but abnormally activated and expressed in many different kinds of cancers. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression of TSP50 in mouse embryo and its function in early embryonic development. Firstly, the distribution of TSP50 in oocytes and embryonic development was characterized by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blotting, and the results showed that TSP50 was detected at all studied stages with a dynamic expression pattern. When overexpressed TSP50 in zygotes by microinjection, the zygotes development was highly accelerated. On the contrary, knocking down TSP50 expression by RNA interference greatly retarded the zygote development. Furthermore, TSP50 expression at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5), day 8.5 (E8.5) and day 10.5 (E10.5) were increasingly enhanced, However, the expression of TSP50 decreased gradually in the development and differentiation of cardiac myocyte from E12.5 to postnatal (P0). Additionally, we found that TSP50 expression was decreased during cardiac myocyte differentiation of P19 cells. Overexpression of TSP50 could decrease the expression of GATA-4, and knockdown of TSP50 markedly increase the expression of GATA-4. Taken together, our data indicate that TSP50 may play an important role during the process of mouse embryonic development as well as myocardial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Han Ai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Mei-Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Yong-Li Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Lu-Guo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Laemmle LL, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC. Constitutive Expression of GATA4 Dramatically Increases the Cardiogenic Potential of D3 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:248-257. [PMID: 27441042 PMCID: PMC4948750 DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) is a vital regulator of cardiac programming that acts by inducing the expression of many different genes involved in cardiomyogenesis. Here we generated a D3 mouse embryonic stem cell line that constitutively expresses high levels of GATA4 and show that these cells have dramatically increased cardiogenic potential compared to an eGFP-expressing control cell line. Embryoid bodies (EB) derived from the D3-GATA4 line displayed increased levels of cardiac gene expression and showed more abundant cardiomyocyte differentiation than control eGFP EB. These cells and two additional lines expressing lower levels of GATA4 provide a platform to screen previously untested cardiac genes and gene combinations for their ability to further increase the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation beyond that achieved by transgenic GATA4 alone. Non-integrative delivery of identified gene combinations will aid in the production of differentiated cells for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian L Laemmle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justus B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Mehta G, Kumarasamy S, Wu J, Walsh A, Liu L, Williams K, Joe B, de la Serna IL. MITF interacts with the SWI/SNF subunit, BRG1, to promote GATA4 expression in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 88:101-10. [PMID: 26388265 PMCID: PMC4640968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy involves the interplay of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes. The Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and is required for cardiac hypertrophy. However, the transcriptional mechanisms by which MITF promotes cardiac hypertrophy have not been elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MITF promotes cardiac hypertrophy by activating transcription of pro-hypertrophy genes through interactions with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. In an in vivo model of cardiac hypertrophy, expression of MITF and the BRG1 subunit of the SWI/SNF complex increased coordinately in response to pressure overload. Expression of MITF and BRG1 also increased in vitro when cardiomyocytes were stimulated with angiotensin II or a β-adrenergic agonist. Both MITF and BRG1 were required to increase cardiomyocyte size and activate expression of hypertrophy markers in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. We detected physical interactions between MITF and BRG1 in cardiomyocytes and found that they cooperate to regulate expression of a pro-hypertrophic transcription factor, GATA4. Our data show that MITF binds to the E box element in the GATA4 promoter and facilitates recruitment of BRG1. This is associated with enhanced expression of the GATA4 gene as evidenced by increased Histone3 lysine4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) on the GATA4 promoter. Thus, in hypertrophic cardiomyoctes, MITF is a key transcriptional activator of a pro-hypertrophic gene, GATA4, and this regulation is dependent upon the BRG1 component of the SWI/SNF complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mehta
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Aaron Walsh
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lijun Liu
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kandace Williams
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Bina Joe
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ivana L de la Serna
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Mazaud-Guittot S, Prud'homme B, Bouchard MF, Bergeron F, Daems C, Tevosian SG, Viger RS. GATA4 autoregulates its own expression in mouse gonadal cells via its distal 1b promoter. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:25. [PMID: 24352556 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA4 is required for the development and function of the mammalian gonads. We first reported that the GATA4 gene in both human and rodents is expressed as two major alternative transcripts that differ solely in their first untranslated exon (exon 1a vs. exon 1b). We had also showed by quantitative PCR that in mouse tissues, both Gata4 exon 1a- and 1b-containing transcripts are present in all sites that are normally positive for GATA4 protein. In adult tissues, exon 1a-containing transcripts generally predominate. A notable exception, however, is the testis where the Gata4 exon 1a and 1b transcripts exhibit a similar level of expression. We now confirm by in situ hybridization analysis that each transcript is also strongly expressed during gonad differentiation in both sexes in the rat. To gain further insights into how Gata4 gene expression is controlled, we characterized the mouse Gata4 promoter sequence located upstream of exon 1b. In vitro studies revealed that the Gata4 1b promoter is less active than the 1a promoter in several gonadal cell lines tested. Whereas we have previously shown that endogenous Gata4 transcription driven by the 1a promoter is dependent on a proximally located Ebox motif, we now show using complementary in vitro and in vivo approaches that Gata4 promoter 1b-directed expression is regulated by GATA4 itself. Thus, Gata4 transcription in the gonads and other tissues is ensured by distinct promoters that are regulated differentially and independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Reproduction, Mother and Child Health, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de recherche en biologie de la reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Murray TVA, Smyrnias I, Shah AM, Brewer AC. NADPH oxidase 4 regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation via redox activation of c-Jun protein and the cis-regulation of GATA-4 gene transcription. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15745-59. [PMID: 23589292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.439844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can modulate cellular phenotype and function in part through the redox modulation of the activity of transcription factors. We demonstrate here the potential of Nox4 to drive cardiomyocyte differentiation in pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells, and we show that this involves the redox activation of c-Jun. This in turn acts to up-regulate GATA-4 expression, one of the earliest markers of cardiotypic differentiation, through a defined and highly conserved cis-acting motif within the GATA-4 promoter. These data therefore suggest a mechanism whereby ROS act in pluripotential cells in vivo to regulate the initial transcription of critical tissue-restricted determinant(s) of the cardiomyocyte phenotype, including GATA-4. The ROS-dependent activation, mediated by Nox4, of widely expressed redox-regulated transcription factors, such as c-Jun, is fundamental to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V A Murray
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Testosterone enhances cardiomyogenesis in stem cells and recruits the androgen receptor to the MEF2C and HCN4 genes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:164-71. [PMID: 23598283 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since a previous study (Goldman-Johnson et al., 2008 [4]) has shown that androgens can stimulate increased differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells into cardiomyocytes using a genomic pathway, the aim of our study is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating testosterone-enhanced cardiomyogenesis. Testosterone upregulated cardiomyogenic transcription factors, including GATA4, MEF2C, and Nkx2.5, muscle structural proteins, and the pacemaker ion channel HCN4 in a dose-dependent manner, in mES cells and P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Knock-down of the androgen receptor (AR) or treatment with anti-androgenic compounds inhibited cardiomyogenesis, supporting the requirement of the genomic pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies showed that testosterone enhanced recruitment of AR to the regulatory regions of MEF2C and HCN4 genes, which was associated with increased histone acetylation. In summary, testosterone upregulated cardiomyogenic transcription factor and HCN4 expression in stem cells. Further, testosterone induced cardiomyogenesis, at least in part, by recruiting the AR receptor to the regulatory regions of the MEF2C and HCN4 genes. These results provide a detailed molecular analysis of the function of testosterone in stem cells and may offer molecular insight into the role of steroids in the heart.
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11
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Wu G, Shan J, Pang S, Wei X, Zhang H, Yan B. Genetic analysis of the promoter region of the GATA4 gene in patients with ventricular septal defects. Transl Res 2012; 159:376-82. [PMID: 22500510 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common type of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). To date, the genetic causes for sporadic VSDs remain largely unknown. GATA transcription factor 4 (GATA4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is expressed in developing heart and adult cardiomyocytes. Mutations in the coding region of the GATA4 gene have been identified in CHD patients, including VSD. As the GATA4 factor is a dosage-sensitive regulator, we hypothesized that the promoter region variants of the GATA4 gene may be genetic causes of VSD. In this study, we analyzed the promoter region of the GATA4 gene by bidirectional sequencing in 172 VSD patients and 171 healthy controls. The results showed that 5 heterozygous sequence variants (NG_008177:g.4071T>C, NG_008177:g.4148C>A, NG_008177:g.4566C>T, NG_008177:g.4653G>T, and NG_008177:g.4690G>deletion) within the promoter region of the GATA gene were identified in 5 VSD patients, but in none of controls. One heterozygous sequence variant (g.4762C>A) was found only in one control, which may have no functional significance. A functional analysis revealed that the transcriptional activity of variant NG_008177:g.4566C>T was reduced significantly, whereas the transcriptional activities of the variants (NG_008177:g.4071T>C, NG_008177:g.4148C>A, NG_008177:g.4653G>T, and NG_008177:g.4690G>deletion) were increased significantly compared with the wild-type GATA4 gene promoter. As GATA4 is a dosage-sensitive regulator during development, our data suggest that these sequence variants within the promoter region of the GATA4 gene may contribute to the VSD etiology by altering its gene expression. Additional studies in experimental animals will deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of VSD and shed light on designing novel molecular therapies for adult VSD patients carrying these variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272029, China
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Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein activates GATA4 transcription and mediates cardiac hypertrophic signaling from angiotensin II receptor 2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35632. [PMID: 22558183 PMCID: PMC3338737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure overload and prolonged angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion elicit cardiac hypertrophy in Ang II receptor 1 (AT(1)) null mouse, whereas Ang II receptor 2 (AT(2)) gene deletion abolishes the hypertrophic response. The roles and signals of the cardiac AT(2) receptor still remain unsettled. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) was shown to bind to the AT(2) receptor and transmit the hypertrophic signal. Using PLZF knockout mice we directed our studies on the function of PLZF concerning the cardiac specific transcription factor GATA4, and GATA4 targets. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PLZF knockout and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were treated with Ang II, infused at a rate of 4.2 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1) for 3 weeks. Ang II elevated systolic blood pressure to comparable levels in PLZF knockout and WT mice (140 mmHg). WT mice developed prominent cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after Ang II infusion. In contrast, there was no obvious cardiac hypertrophy or fibrosis in PLZF knockout mice. An AT(2) receptor blocker given to Ang II-infused wild type mice prevented hypertrophy, verifying the role of AT(2) receptor for cardiac hypertrophy. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that PLZF bound to the GATA4 gene regulatory region. A Luciferase assay verified that PLZF up-regulated GATA4 gene expression and the absence of PLZF expression in vivo produced a corresponding repression of GATA4 protein. CONCLUSIONS PLZF is an important AT(2) receptor binding protein in mediating Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy through an AT(2) receptor-dependent signal pathway. The angiotensin II-AT(2)-PLZF-GATA4 signal may further augment Ang II induced pathological effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Boulende Sab A, Bouchard MF, Béland M, Prud'homme B, Souchkova O, Viger RS, Pilon N. An Ebox element in the proximal Gata4 promoter is required for Gata4 expression in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29038. [PMID: 22174950 PMCID: PMC3236771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA4 is an essential transcription factor required for the development and function of multiple tissues, including a major role in gonadogenesis. Despite its crucial role, the molecular mechanisms that regulate Gata4 expression in vivo remain poorly understood. We recently found that the Gata4 gene is expressed as multiple transcripts with distinct 5′ origins. These co-expressed alternative transcripts are generated by different non-coding first exons with transcripts E1a and E1b being the most prominent. Moreover, we previously showed that an Ebox element, located in Gata4 5′ flanking sequences upstream of exon 1a, is important for the promoter activity of these sequences in cell lines. To confirm the importance of this element in vivo, we generated and characterized Gata4 Ebox knockout mice. Quantitative PCR analyses realized on gonads, heart and liver at three developmental stages (embryonic, pre-pubertal and adult) revealed that the Ebox mutation leads to a robust and specific decrease (up to 89%) of Gata4 E1a transcript expression in all tissues and stages examined. However, a detailed characterization of the gonads revealed normal morphology and GATA4 protein levels in these mutants. Our qPCR data further indicate that this outcome is most likely due to the presence of Gata4 E1b mRNA, whose expression levels were not decreased by the Ebox mutation. In conclusion, our work clearly confirms the importance of the proximal Ebox element and suggests that adequate GATA4 protein expression is likely protected by a compensation mechanism between Gata4 E1a and E1b transcripts operating at the translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Boulende Sab
- Molecular Genetics of Development, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, CHUQ Research Centre and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Bouchard
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, CHUQ Research Centre and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Béland
- Molecular Genetics of Development, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Prud'homme
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, CHUQ Research Centre and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ouliana Souchkova
- Molecular Genetics of Development, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert S. Viger
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, CHUQ Research Centre and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RSV); (NP)
| | - Nicolas Pilon
- Molecular Genetics of Development, Department of Biological Sciences and BioMed Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RSV); (NP)
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Ishibashi T, Yokura Y, Ohashi K, Yamamoto H, Maeda M. Conserved GC-boxes, E-box and GATA motif are essential for GATA-4 gene expression in P19CL6 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:171-5. [PMID: 21878320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The promoter of the GATA-4 gene was analyzed in P19CL6 cells. A 124bp segment containing conserved two GC-boxes and E-box was essential for the basal promoter activity, as determined with a transient luciferase reporter gene assay. However, an extended 1312 bp reporter construct but not the 124 bp segment, when ligated to the GFP gene and stably inserted into the chromosome, showed regulated promoter activity since GFP was expressed upon DMSO addition. Mutations of the two GC-boxes and/or E-box significantly impaired the GFP expression. Furthermore, mutation of the distal conserved GATA motif in the 1312 bp sequence decreased the expression of GFP. Chromatin immuno-precipitation assay showed that GATA-6 binds to this conserved GATA motif. These results suggest that the distal GATA motif recognized by GATA-6 together with the GC- and E-boxes may be important for transcriptional activation of the GATA-4 gene in the chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Suzuki YJ. Cell signaling pathways for the regulation of GATA4 transcription factor: Implications for cell growth and apoptosis. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1094-9. [PMID: 21376121 PMCID: PMC3078531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
GATA4 is a member of the GATA family of zinc finger transcription factor, which regulates gene transcription by binding to GATA elements. GATA4 was originally discovered as a regulator of cardiac development and subsequently identified as a major regulator of adult cardiac hypertrophy. GATA4 regulates gene expression of various genes, which are involved in cardiac development and cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In addition to the heart, GATA4 plays important roles in the reproductive system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system and cancer. Positive and negative regulations of GATA4 therefore are important components of biologic functions. The activation of GATA4 occurs via various cell signaling events. Earlier studies have identified protein-protein interactions of GATA4 with other factors. The discovery of interactions of GATA4 with nuclear factor for activated T cells (NFAT) revealed the importance of calcium signaling in the activation of GATA4. GATA4 can also be phosphorylated by mitogen activated protein kinases and protein kinase A. Lysine modifications also occur on the GATA4 molecule including acetylation and sumoylation. Both reactive oxygen-dependent and -independent antioxidant-sensitive pathways for GATA4 activation have also been demonstrated. The GATA4 activity is also regulated by modulating the level of GATA4 expression via transcriptional as well as translational mechanisms. This work summarizes the current understanding of regulatory mechanisms for modulating GATA4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro J Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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16
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Park AM, Nagase H, Liu L, Vinod Kumar S, Szwergold N, Wong CM, Suzuki YJ. Mechanism of anthracycline-mediated down-regulation of GATA4 in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 90:97-104. [PMID: 21084315 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Anthracyclines such as daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin are effective cancer chemotherapeutic agents, but can induce cardiotoxicity. GATA4 has been shown to serve as a survival factor of cardiac muscle cells, and anthracyclines promote apoptosis in part by down-regulating GATA4. The present study investigated the mechanism of anthracycline action to down-regulate GATA4. METHODS AND RESULTS DNR inhibited the transcriptional activity exhibited by the 250 bp conserved region immediately upstream from the transcriptional start site of the Gata4 gene. Mapping this region identified that the CCAAT-binding factor/nuclear factor-Y (CBF/NF-Y) binding to the CCAAT box was inhibited by DNR in HL-1 cardiac muscle cells and in perfused isolated mouse hearts. The DNR action on the Gata4 promoter was found to be dependent on p53, since DNR promoted nuclear binding of p53 to CBF/NF-Y and pifithrin-α (a p53 inhibitor) attenuated DNR down-regulation of GATA4. CONCLUSION Anthracycline down-regulation of GATA4 is mediated by the inhibition of Gata4 gene transcription via a novel mechanism that involves the p53-dependent inhibition of CBF/NF-Y binding to the CCAAT box within the Gata4 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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17
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Yoshida T, Gan Q, Franke AS, Ho R, Zhang J, Chen YE, Hayashi M, Majesky MW, Somlyo AV, Owens GK. Smooth and cardiac muscle-selective knock-out of Kruppel-like factor 4 causes postnatal death and growth retardation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21175-84. [PMID: 20439457 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is a transcription factor involved in differentiation and proliferation in multiple tissues. We demonstrated previously that tamoxifen-induced deletion of the Klf4 gene in mice accelerated neointimal formation but delayed down-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation markers in carotid arteries following injury. To further determine the role of Klf4 in the cardiovascular system, we herein derived mice deficient for the Klf4 gene in smooth and cardiac muscle using the SM22alpha promoter (SM22alpha-CreKI(+)/Klf4(loxP/loxP) mice). SM22alpha-CreKI(+)/Klf4(loxP/loxP) mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, but they gradually died after birth. Although approximately 40% of SM22alpha-CreKI(+)/Klf4(loxP/loxP) mice survived beyond postnatal day 28, they exhibited marked growth retardation. In wild-type mice, Klf4 was expressed in the heart from late embryonic development through adulthood, whereas it was not expressed in smooth muscle. No changes were observed in morphology or expression of smooth muscle cell differentiation markers in vessels of SM22alpha-CreKI(+)/Klf4(loxP/loxP) mice. Of interest, cardiac output was significantly decreased in SM22alpha-CreKI(+)/Klf4(loxP/loxP) mice, as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, a lack of Klf4 in the heart resulted in the reduction in expression of multiple cardiac genes, including Gata4. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation assays on the heart revealed that Klf4 bound to the promoter region of the Gata4 gene. Results provide novel evidence that Klf4 plays a key role in late fetal and/or postnatal cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Effective and steady differentiation of a clonal derivative of P19CL6 embryonal carcinoma cell line into beating cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:380561. [PMID: 20368798 PMCID: PMC2846686 DOI: 10.1155/2010/380561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The P19CL6 cell line is a useful model to study cardiac differentiation in vitro. However, large variations were noticed in the differentiation rates among previous reports as well as our individual experiments. To overcome the unstable differentiation, we established P19CL6-A1, a new clonal derivative of P19CL6 that could differentiate into cardiomyocytes more efficiently and stably than the parent using the double stimulation with 5-Aza and DMSO based on the previous report. We also introduced a new software, Visorhythm, that can analyze the temporal variations in the beating rhythms and can chart correlograms displaying the oscillated rhythms. Using P19CL6-A1-derived cardiomyocytes and the software, we demonstrated that the correlograms could clearly display the enhancement of beating rates by cardiotonic reagents. These indicate that a combination of P19CL6-A1 and Visorhythm is a useful tool that can provide invaluable assistance in inotropic drug discovery, drug screening, and toxicity testing.
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19
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Mazaud Guittot S, Bouchard MF, Robert-Grenon JP, Robert C, Goodyer CG, Silversides DW, Viger RS. Conserved usage of alternative 5' untranslated exons of the GATA4 gene. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8454. [PMID: 20041118 PMCID: PMC2795200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA4 is an essential transcription factor required for the development and function of multiple organs. Despite this important role, our knowledge of how the GATA4 gene is regulated remains limited. To better understand this regulation, we characterized the 5' region of the mouse, rat, and human GATA4 genes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using 5' RACE, we identified novel transcription start sites in all three species. GATA4 is expressed as multiple transcripts with varying 5' ends encoded by alternative untranslated first exons. Two of these non-coding first exons are conserved between species: exon 1a located 3.5 kb upstream of the GATA4 ATG site in exon 2, and a second first exon (exon 1b) located 28 kb further upstream. Expression of both mRNA variants was found in all GATA4-expressing organs but with a preference for the exon 1a-containing transcript. The exception was the testis where exon 1a- and 1b-containing transcripts were similarly expressed. In some tissues such as the intestine, alternative transcript expression appears to be regionally regulated. Polysome analysis suggests that both mRNA variants contribute to GATA4 protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results indicate that the GATA4 gene closely resembles the other GATA family members in terms of gene structure where alternative first exon usage appears to be an important mechanism for regulating its tissue- and cell-specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Mazaud Guittot
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie France Bouchard
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Robert-Grenon
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Claude Robert
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Cynthia G. Goodyer
- McGill University Health Centre-Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Robert S. Viger
- Reproduction, Perinatal and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Joziasse IC, van der Smagt JJ, Poot M, Hochstenbach R, Nelen MR, van Gijn M, Dooijes D, Mulder BJM, Doevendans PA. A duplication including GATA4 does not co-segregate with congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:1062-6. [PMID: 19353638 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene C Joziasse
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Viger RS, Guittot SM, Anttonen M, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M. Role of the GATA family of transcription factors in endocrine development, function, and disease. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:781-98. [PMID: 18174356 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The WGATAR motif is a common nucleotide sequence found in the transcriptional regulatory regions of numerous genes. In vertebrates, these motifs are bound by one of six factors (GATA1 to GATA6) that constitute the GATA family of transcriptional regulatory proteins. Although originally considered for their roles in hematopoietic cells and the heart, GATA factors are now known to be expressed in a wide variety of tissues where they act as critical regulators of cell-specific gene expression. This includes multiple endocrine organs such as the pituitary, pancreas, adrenals, and especially the gonads. Insights into the functional roles played by GATA factors in adult organ systems have been hampered by the early embryonic lethality associated with the different Gata-null mice. This is now being overcome with the generation of tissue-specific knockout models and other knockdown strategies. These approaches, together with the increasing number of human GATA-related pathologies have greatly broadened the scope of GATA-dependent genes and, importantly, have shown that GATA action is not necessarily limited to early development. This has been particularly evident in endocrine organs where GATA factors appear to contribute to the transcription of multiple hormone-encoding genes. This review provides an overview of the GATA family of transcription factors as they relate to endocrine function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Viger
- Ontogeny-Reproduction Research Unit, Room T1-49, CHUQ Research Centre, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2.
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Arimochi J, Ohashi-Kobayashi A, Maeda M. Interaction of Mat-8 (FXYD-3) with Na+/K+-ATPase in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:648-54. [PMID: 17409496 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mat-8 was fused with a Myc-tag or green fluorescent protein at its carboxyl terminus, and then expressed in Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells. Determination of the cellular localization of the tagged proteins suggested that they were localized on the intracellular membrane, being not only detected around the nuclear envelope but also partly overlapping with markers for endosomes and Golgi bodies. However, Mat-8 with the Myc-tag was detected on the plasma membrane as well as the intracellular membrane, when it was expressed in colorectal cancer cells. The membrane fraction of the cancer cells was solubilized and immuno-precipitated with an antibody for the Myc-tag. Western-blotting analysis demonstrated that the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit was present in the precipitate. Furthermore, the immuno-precipitate obtained with an antibody for the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit reacted with that for the Myc-tag. These results suggested that Mat-8 could be associated with Na+/K+-ATPase similar to other FXYD family members. The Gly41-->Arg mutation in the transmembrane region of Mat-8 inhibited its association with the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit and localization on the plasma membrane, whereas the Cys44-->Ala or Cys49-->Ala substitution did not. Thus the conserved Gly41 residue in the transmembrane domain could be indispensable for localization of Mat-8 on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Arimochi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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Mazaud Guittot S, Tétu A, Legault E, Pilon N, Silversides DW, Viger RS. The proximal Gata4 promoter directs reporter gene expression to sertoli cells during mouse gonadal development. Biol Reprod 2006; 76:85-95. [PMID: 17021344 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.055137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The GATA4 transcription factor is an important developmental determinant for many organs, such as the heart, gut, and testis. Despite this pivotal role, our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that control the proper spatiotemporal expression of the GATA4 gene remains limited. We have generated transgenic mice expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker under the control of rat Gata4 5' flanking sequences. Several GATA4-expressing organs displayed GFP fluorescence, including the heart, intestine, and pancreas. In the gonads, while GATA4 is expressed in pregranulosa, granulosa, and theca ovarian cells, and Sertoli, Leydig, and peritubular testicular cells, the first 5 kb of Gata4 regulatory sequences immediately upstream of exon 1 were sufficient to direct GFP reporter expression only in testis and, specifically, in Sertoli cells. Onset of GFP expression occurred after Sertoli cell commitment and was maintained in these cells throughout development to adulthood. In vitro studies revealed that the first 118 bp of the Gata4 promoter is sufficient for full basal activity in several GATA4-expressing cell lines. Promoter mutagenesis and DNA-binding experiments identified two GC-box motifs and, particularly, one E-box element within this -118-bp region that are crucial for its activity. Further analysis revealed that members of the USF family of transcription factors, especially USF2, bind to and activate the Gata4 promoter via this critical E-box motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Mazaud Guittot
- Ontogeny-Reproduction Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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