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Shim HS, Park HJ, Lee MS, Ye M, Shim I. The role of the supramammillary area of the hypothalamus in cognitive functions. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1427627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Guo Q, Kim YN, Lee BH. Protective effects of blueberry drink on cognitive impairment induced by chronic mild stress in adult rats. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 11:25-32. [PMID: 28194262 PMCID: PMC5300943 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Stress-induced cognitive impairment is related to the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis that results from an increase of oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of a blueberry drink, having a high antioxidant power, on the cognitive performance of adult rats exposed to chronic mild stress. MATERIALS/METHODS Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups: control (CO), stress (ST), control + 5% blueberry drink (CO + B), and stress + 5% blueberry drink (ST + B). After eight weeks, the cognitive performance was assessed using a multiple T-maze water test. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and ascorbic acid were measured in the brain, and catecholamine concentrations were measured in plasma. RESULTS The brain weights of the rats from the ST and ST + B groups were significantly lower than those of the rats from the CO and CO + B groups. The cognitive performance of the ST group was impaired when compared to that of the CO group. This impairment was significantly improved by the blueberry drink supplementation (P < 0.05). The brain SOD and CAT concentrations were not influenced by the stress or by the blueberry drink. However, the brain levels of GPx and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in the ST group than those in the CO group and were increased by the blueberry drink supplementation. The plasma catecholamine concentrations were affected by chronic mild stress and by the blueberry drink. The plasma norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations were decreased by the chronic stress and improved by the blueberry drink supplementation. The plasma epinephrine level was only influenced by the stress. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the blueberry drink may protect against the cognitive impairment induced by chronic mild stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseon-si, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseon-si, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
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Chen HY, Lin YH, Chen YC. Identifying Chinese herbal medicine network for treating acne: Implications from a nationwide database. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:1-8. [PMID: 26721214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acne is a highly prevalent inflammatory skin disease which causes patients great psychological stress, especially teenagers. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is commonly used to treat acne with personalized but complicated prescriptions. The aim of this study is to determine a CHM network and core CHM treatments for acne by analyzing a nationwide database. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 1st to December 31st, 2011, all CHM prescriptions made for acne (ICD-9-CM code: 706.0 or 706.1) were included in this study. Visits with acupuncture, manual therapy or other treatment modalities were excluded, and CHM visits with other diagnoses were also excluded in final analysis. Association rule mining (ARM) and social network analysis (SNA) were used to explore and demonstrate a CHM network. RESULTS A total of 91,129 patients used traditional Chinese medicine, and 99% of them chose CHM for acne treatment. Most CHM users were teenagers, and there were twice as many female patients as male patients. A total of 279,823 CHM prescriptions were made for acne in 2011. Qing-Shang-Fang-Feng-Tang was the most commonly used CHM (31.2% of all prescriptions), and Zhen-Ren-Huo-Ming-Yin combined with Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. (Lian Qiao) was the most commonly used CHM-CHM combination. Thirty-one important CHM-CHM combinations were identified, and the CHM network could be built. Extensive coverage of the known pathogenesis of acne could be found in the CHM network when incorporating CHM pharmacological mechanisms into the network. Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects were commonly found in the CHM network, and CHMs with anti-androgen, anti-depressive and skin whitening effects were frequently used in combination. CONCLUSIONS The CHM combination patterns and core treatments for acne were disclosed in this study by applying network analysis to a CHM prescription database. These results may be beneficial for further bench or clinical studies when choosing target CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Yu Chen
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shukla RK, Gupta R, Srivastava P, Dhuriya YK, Singh A, Chandravanshi LP, Kumar A, Siddiqui MH, Parmar D, Pant AB, Khanna VK. Brain cholinergic alterations in rats subjected to repeated immobilization or forced swim stress on lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Neurochem Int 2015; 93:51-63. [PMID: 26746386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Role of immobilization stress (IMS), a psychological stressor and forced swim stress (FSS), a physical stressor was investigated on the neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a new generation type-II synthetic pyrethroid. Pre-exposure of rats to IMS (15 min/day) or FSS (3 min/day) for 28 days on LCT (3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) treatment for 3 days resulted to decrease spatial learning and memory and muscle strength associated with cholinergic-muscarinic receptors in frontal cortex and hippocampus as compared to those exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity, protein expression of ChAT and PKC-β1 associated with decreased mRNA expression of CHRM2, AChE and ChAT in frontal cortex and hippocampus was also evident in rats pre-exposed to IMS or FSS on LCT treatment, compared to rats exposed to IMS or FSS or LCT alone. Interestingly, changes both in behavioral and neurochemical endpoints were marginal in rats subjected to IMS or FSS for 28 days or those exposed to LCT for 3 days alone, compared to controls. The results suggest that stress is an important contributor in LCT induced cholinergic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra K Shukla
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India; Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Integral University, Lucknow 226 026, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Yogesh K Dhuriya
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Anshuman Singh
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Lalit P Chandravanshi
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Integral University, Lucknow 226 026, India
| | - M Haris Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226 026, India
| | - Devendra Parmar
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Aditya B Pant
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Vinay K Khanna
- Developmenatl Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box 80, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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Chen HY, Huang BS, Lin YH, Su IH, Yang SH, Chen JL, Huang JW, Chen YC. Identifying Chinese herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome: implications from a nationwide database. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:206. [PMID: 24969368 PMCID: PMC4099402 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs in women during their reproductive age with a quite negative impact on their daily lives. Women with PMS experience a wide range of physical or psychological symptoms and seek treatment for them. Chinese herb medicine (CHM) is commonly used for PMS and the goal of this study is to investigate the prescription patterns of CHM for PMS by using a nationwide database. METHODS Prescriptions of CHM were obtained from two million beneficiaries randomly sampled from the National Health Insurance Research Database, a nationwide database in Taiwan. The ICD-9 code 625.4 was used to identify patients with PMS. Association rule mining and social network analysis were used to explore both the combinations and the core treatments for PMS. RESULTS During 1998-2011, a total of 14,312 CHM prescriptions for PMS were provided. Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) was the CHM which had the highest prevalence (37.5% of all prescriptions) and also the core of prescription network for PMS. For combination of two CHM, JWXYS with Cyperus rotundus L. was prescribed most frequently, 7.7% of all prescriptions, followed by JWXYS with Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet, 5.9%, and Cyperus rotundus L. with Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet, 5.6%. CONCLUSIONS JWXYS-centered CHM combinations were most commonly prescribed for PMS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pharmaco-epidemiological study to review CHM treatments for PMS. However, the efficacy and safety of these commonly used CHM were still lacking. The results of this study provide valuable references for further clinical trials and bench studies.
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Choi WK, Wirtshafter D, Park HJ, Lee MS, Her S, Shim I. The characteristics of supramammillary cells projecting to the hippocampus in stress response in the rat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 16:17-24. [PMID: 22416215 PMCID: PMC3298821 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2012.16.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortex (HPA) axis is the central mediator of the stress response. The supramammillary (SuM) region is relatively unique among the hypothalamic structures in that it sends a large, direct projection to the hippocampal formation. It has been shown that mild stress could activate the SuM cells that project to the hippocampus. However, the role of these cell populations in modulating the stress response is not known. The present study examined the effect of stress on different populations of SuM cells that project to the hippocampus by injecting the fluorescent retrograde tracer, fluorogold (FG), into the hippocampus and utilizing the immunohistochemistry of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and NADPH-d reactivity. Immobilization (IMO) stress (2 hr) produced an increase in the expression of ChAT-immunoreactivity, and tended to increase in CRF, 5-HT, GAD, TH-immunoreactivity and nitric oxide (NO)-reactivity in the SuM cells. Fifty-three percent of 5-HT, 31% of ChAT and 56% of CRF cells were double stained with retrograde cells from the hippocampus. By contrast, a few retrogradely labeled cells projecting to the hippocampus were immunoreactive for dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and NO. These results suggest that the SuM region contains distinct cell populations that differentially respond to stress. In addition, the findings suggest that serotonergic, cholinergic and corticotropin releasing cells projecting to the hippocampus within the SuM nucleus may play an important role in modulating stress-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Ki Choi
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - David Wirtshafter
- Department of Psychology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7137, USA
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Research Center of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Song Her
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness and safety of Free and Easy Wanderer Plus, a polyherbal preparation for depressive disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:1518-24. [PMID: 21820672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Free and Easy Wanderer Plus (FEWP) is a polyherbal preparation which therapeutic benefits have been extensively evaluated in patients with various depressive disorders. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the overall effectiveness and safety of FEWP. Following systematic review, a total of 14 high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Statistically greater treatment effects were found in FEWP monotherapy compared to placebo and in FEWP combined with conventional anti-depressants (CADs) compared to CADs alone. Patients taking FEWP alone and combined with CADs experienced fewer adverse events of dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, and constipation compared to CADs alone. These data suggest that FEWP may be an effective herbal agent in treating depressive symptoms. The addition of FEWP also enhances antidepressant effects of CADs. FEWP may have a higher safety profile compared to CADs.
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Lee B, Shim I, Lee H, Hahm DH. Effect of Bupleurum falcatum on the stress-induced impairment of spatial working memory in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 32:1392-8. [PMID: 19652379 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that Bupleurum falcatum (BF), which is widely used in the treatment of various psychosomatic diseases in traditional Oriental medicine, is an effective therapeutic intervention for memory impairment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of BF on stress-induced alterations in learning and memory in rats using the Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) behavioral tests. In addition, we examined the effects of BF treatment on the cholinergic system, as indicated by changes in neuronal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. BF (150, 300, or 600 mg/kg) was administered orally 30 min before exposure to repeated immobilization (IMO) stress (4 h/d for 14 d). The BF treatment produced a significant improvement in escape latency (time required to find the platform) in the MWM, and it also produced an anxiolytic-like effect in the EPM. Consistent with the behavioral data, BF treatment significantly attenuated the IMO stress-induced loss of cholinergic immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that BF has a protective effect against repeated IMO stress-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments, and they suggest that BF may be useful in the treatment of stress-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Free and Easy Wanderer Plus (FEWP), a polyherbal preparation, ameliorates PTSD-like behavior and cognitive impairments in stressed rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:1458-63. [PMID: 19665511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Free and Easy Wanderer Plus (FEWP) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to be effective in treating various mood disorders. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether FEWP could ameliorate stress-associated behavior in rats. Following the exposure to enhanced single prolonged stress (ESPS) paradigm, consisting of 2-hr constraint, 20-min forced swimming, ether-induced loss of consciousness, and an electric foot shock, animals were administered orally with FEWP (2.5, 5, or 10mg/kg daily) or vehicle for 2 weeks. Animals were then tested in the open field, elevated plus-maze, and Morris water maze. ESPS exposure resulted in pronounced anxiety-like behavior, without impairing locomotor activity, as indicated by significant decreases of time spent and number of entries into open arms in the elevated plus-maze test, and unaltered distance traveled in the open field test compared to unexposed animals. ESPS-exposed animals also displayed marked cognitive impairments, with significant increases of distance traveled and the escape latency to the underwater platform, and a striking decrease of time spent in the target quadrant with and without the removal of the platform in the water maze test. However, repeated treatment with FEWP, particularly at higher doses, reversed the aforementioned behavioral values in the elevated plus-maze and water maze tests to the levels similar to unexposed animals. These results indicate that FEWP possesses anxiolytic and cognition-improving effects and may be an effective herbal preparation for the treatment of stress-associated conditions, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
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