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Sakurai Y. Development of siRNA Delivery System by Lipid Nanoparticles Modified with Functional Materials for Cancer Treatment. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:972-977. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sakurai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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2
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Jin Y, Edalatian Zakeri S, Bahal R, Wiemer AJ. New Technologies Bloom Together for Bettering Cancer Drug Conjugates. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:680-711. [PMID: 35710136 PMCID: PMC9553120 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug conjugates, including antibody-drug conjugates, are a step toward realizing Paul Ehrlich's idea from over 100 years ago of a "magic bullet" for cancer treatment. Through balancing selective targeting molecules with highly potent payloads, drug conjugates can target specific tumor microenvironments and kill tumor cells. A drug conjugate consists of three parts: a targeting agent, a linker, and a payload. In some conjugates, monoclonal antibodies act as the targeting agent, but new strategies for targeting include antibody derivatives, peptides, and even small molecules. Linkers are responsible for connecting the payload to the targeting agent. Payloads impact vital cellular processes to kill tumor cells. At present, there are 12 antibody-drug conjugates on the market for different types of cancers. Research on drug conjugates is increasing year by year to solve problems encountered in conjugate design, such as tumor heterogeneity, poor circulation, low drug loading, low tumor uptake, and heterogenous expression of target antigens. This review highlights some important preclinical research on drug conjugates in recent years. We focus on three significant areas: improvement of antibody-drug conjugates, identification of new conjugate targets, and development of new types of drug conjugates, including nanotechnology. We close by highlighting the critical barriers to clinical translation and the open questions going forward. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The development of anticancer drug conjugates is now focused in three broad areas: improvements to existing antibody drug conjugates, identification of new targets, and development of new conjugate forms. This article focuses on the exciting preclinical studies in these three areas and advances in the technology that improves preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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3
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Futaki S. Functional Peptides That Target Biomembranes: Design and Modes of Action. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:601-607. [PMID: 34193708 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes are important targets in molecular design. Our laboratory has been exploring the design of functional peptides that modulate membrane barrier function, lipid packing, and structure. Evaluation of the results obtained and analyses of cellular mechanisms have yielded peptides with more refined designs and functions. This review highlights the progress made in our laboratory towards the development of unique peptides that modulate membrane properties.
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Lu Z, Laney VEA, Hall R, Ayat N. Environment-Responsive Lipid/siRNA Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001294. [PMID: 33615743 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology to regulate oncogenes for treating cancer. The primary limitation of siRNA for clinical application is the safe and efficacious delivery of therapeutic siRNA into target cells. Lipid-based delivery systems are developed to protect siRNA during the delivery process and to facilitate intracellular uptake. There is a significant progress in lipid nanoparticle systems that utilize cationic and protonatable amino lipid systems to deliver siRNA to tumors. Among these lipids, environment-responsive lipids are a class of novel lipid delivery systems that are capable of responding to the environment changes during the delivery process and demonstrate great promise for clinical translation for siRNA therapeutics. Protonatable or ionizable amino lipids and switchable lipids as well as pH-sensitive multifunctional amino lipids are the presentative environment-responsive lipids for siRNA delivery. These lipids are able to respond to environmental changes during the delivery process to facilitate efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery. Environment-responsive lipid/siRNA nanoparticles (ERLNP) are developed with the lipids and are tested for efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNA into the cytoplasm of cancer cells to silence target genes for cancer treatment in preclinical development. This review summarizes the recent developments in environment-response lipids and nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng‐Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Victoria E. A. Laney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Ryan Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Nadia Ayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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5
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Ben Djemaa S, Hervé-Aubert K, Lajoie L, Falanga A, Galdiero S, Nedellec S, Soucé M, Munnier E, Chourpa I, David S, Allard-Vannier E. gH625 Cell-Penetrating Peptide Promotes the Endosomal Escape of Nanovectorized siRNA in a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3076-3086. [PMID: 31305991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to regulate oncogenes appears as a promising strategy in the context of cancer therapy, especially if they are vectorized by a smart delivery system. In this study, we investigated the cellular trafficking of a siRNA nanovector (called CS-MSN) functionalized with the cell-penetrating peptide gH625 in a triple-negative breast cancer model. With complementary techniques, we showed that siRNA nanovectors were internalized by both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The presence of gH625 at the surface of the siRNA nanovector did not modify the entry pathway of CS-MSN, but it increased the amount of siRNA found inside the cells. Results suggested an escape of siRNA from endosomes, which is enhanced by the presence of the peptide gH625, whereas nanoparticles continued their trafficking into lysosomes. The efficiency of CS-MSN to inhibit the GFP in MDA-MB-231 cells was 1.7-fold higher than that of the nanovectors without gH625.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Ben Djemaa
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
| | - Katel Hervé-Aubert
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
| | - Laurie Lajoie
- EA7501 Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Equipe Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement, University of Tours , 37032 Tours , France.,Plateforme Scientifique et Technique, Analyse des systèmes biologiques département des cytométries, University of Tours , 37032 Tours , France
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences , University of Naples "Federico II" , Via Università 100 , 80055 Portici , Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy , CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II" , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Napoli , Italy
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Plateforme microPICell, SFR santé François Bonamy-IRSUN , 8 quai Moncousu , BP 70721, 44007 Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Martin Soucé
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
| | - Emilie Munnier
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
| | - Stéphanie David
- EA6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, University of Tours , 37200 Tours , France
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6
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Hatakeyama H. Recent Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:612-617. [PMID: 28674332 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in the development of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery, diagnosis, and therapy. Various types of triggers are utilized in the development of nanocarrier delivery. Endogenous factors such as changes in pH, redox, gradient, and enzyme concentration which are linked to disease progression have been utilized for controlling biodistribution and releasing drugs from nanocarriers, as well as increasing subsequent pharmacological activity at the disease site. Nanocarriers which respond to artificially-induced exogenous factors (such as temperature, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound) have also been developed. This review aims to discuss recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers which appear to have a promising future in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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7
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Fisher RK, Mattern-Schain SI, Best MD, Kirkpatrick SS, Freeman MB, Grandas OH, Mountain DJH. Improving the efficacy of liposome-mediated vascular gene therapy via lipid surface modifications. J Surg Res 2017; 219:136-144. [PMID: 29078873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously defined mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia that could be targets for molecular therapeutics aimed at vascular pathology. However, biocompatible nanocarriers are needed for effective delivery. Cationic liposomes (CLPs) have been demonstrated as effective nanocarriers in vitro. However, in vivo success has been hampered by cytotoxicity. Recently, neutral PEGylated liposomes (PLPs) have been modified with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to enhance cellular uptake. We aim to establish CPP-modified neutral liposomes as viable molecular nanocarriers in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS CLPs, PLPs, and CPP-modified PLPs (R8-PLPs) were assembled with short interfering RNA (siRNA) via ethanol injection. Characterization studies determined liposomal morphology, size, and charge. siRNA encapsulation efficiency was measured via RiboGreen assay. Vascular smooth muscle cells were exposed to equal lipid/siRNA across all groups. Rhodamine-labeled liposomes were used to quantify cell association via fluorometry, live/dead dual stain was used to measure cytotoxicity, and gene silencing was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS R8-PLPs exhibited increased encapsulation efficiency equivalent to CLPs. PLPs and R8-PLP-5 mol% and R8-PLP-10 mol% had no cytotoxic effect. CLPs demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. R8-PLP-5 mol% and R8-PLP-10 mol% exhibited increased cell association versus PLPs. R8-PLP-10 mol% resulted in significant gene silencing, in a manner dependent on lipid-to-siRNA load capacity. CONCLUSIONS The negligible cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular association and gene silencing capacity exhibited by R8-PLPs reveal this class of liposomes as a candidate for future applications. Further modifications for optimizing R8-PLPs are still warranted to improve efficacy, and in vivo studies are needed for translational development. However, this could prove to be an optimal nanocarrier for vascular gene therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | | | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Stacy S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Michael B Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Oscar H Grandas
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Deidra J H Mountain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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8
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Tai W, Gao X. Functional peptides for siRNA delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:157-168. [PMID: 27530388 PMCID: PMC5305781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
siRNA is considered as a potent therapeutic agent because of its high specificity and efficiency in suppressing genes that are overexpressed during disease development. For nearly two decades, a significant amount of efforts has been dedicated to bringing the siRNA technology into clinical uses. However, only limited success has been achieved to date, largely due to the lack of a cell type-specific, safe, and efficient delivery technology to carry siRNA into the target cells' cytosol where RNA interference takes place. Among the emerging candidate nanocarriers for siRNA delivery, peptides have gained popularity because of their structural and functional diversity. A variety of peptides have been discovered for their ability to translocate siRNA into living cells via different mechanisms such as direct penetration through the cellular membrane, endocytosis-mediated cell entry followed by endosomolysis, and receptor-mediated uptake. This review is focused on the multiple roles played by peptides in siRNA delivery, such as membrane penetration, endosome disruption, targeting, as well as the combination of these functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, William H Foege Building N561, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, William H Foege Building N561, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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9
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Srinivasarao M, Galliford CV, Low PS. Principles in the design of ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics and imaging agents. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:203-19. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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“Programmed packaging” for gene delivery. J Control Release 2014; 193:316-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Tamaru M, Akita H, Nakatani T, Kajimoto K, Sato Y, Hatakeyama H, Harashima H. Application of apolipoprotein E-modified liposomal nanoparticles as a carrier for delivering DNA and nucleic acid in the brain. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4267-76. [PMID: 25228805 PMCID: PMC4162633 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative drug delivery technology is urgently needed to satisfy unmet medical needs in treating various brain disorders. As a fundamental carrier for plasmid DNA or nucleic acids, we developed a liposomal nanoparticle (multifunctional envelope-type nano device [MEND]) containing a proton-ionizable amino lipid (YSK-MEND). Here we report on the impact of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modification on the function of YSK-MEND in terms of targeting brain cells. The cellular uptake and function of YSK-MEND encapsulating short interference RNA or plasmid DNA were significantly improved as a result of ApoE modification in mouse neuron-derived cell lines (Neuro-2a and CAD). Intracerebroventricular administration of ApoE-modified YSK-MEND (ApoE/YSK-MEND) encapsulating plasmid DNA also resulted in higher transgene expression in comparison with YSK-MEND that was not modified with ApoE. Moreover, observation of fluorescence-labeled ApoE/YSK-MEND and expression of mCherry (fluorescence protein) derived from plasmid DNA indicated that this carrier might be useful for delivering and conferring transgene expression in neural stem cells and/or neural progenitor cells. Thus, this system may be a useful tool for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Tamaru
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taichi Nakatani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Kajimoto K, Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Harashima H. Multifunctional envelope-type nano device for controlled intracellular trafficking and selective targeting in vivo. J Control Release 2014; 190:593-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers. J Control Release 2014; 190:542-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Ali HM, Maksimenko A, Urbinati G, Chapuis H, Raouane M, Desmaële D, Yasuhiro H, Harashima H, Couvreur P, Massaad-Massade L. Effects of silencing the RET/PTC1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma by siRNA-squalene nanoparticles with and without fusogenic companion GALA-cholesterol. Thyroid 2014; 24:327-38. [PMID: 23885719 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RET/PTC1 is the most prevalent type of gene rearrangement found in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Previously, we introduced a new noncationic nanosystem for targeted RET/PTC1 silencing by efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) using the "squalenoylation" approach. With the aim of improving these results further, we designed new squalenoyl nanostructures consisting of the fusogenic peptide GALA-cholesterol (GALA-Chol) and squalene (SQ) nanoparticles (NPs) of siRNA RET/PTC1. METHODS The siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ bioconjugate was synthesized. The corresponding NPs were prepared with or without GALA-Chol by nanoprecipitation and then characterized for their size and zeta potential. The effects of NPs on BHP 10-3 SCmice and TPC-1 cell viability (MTT assay), gene and protein silencing (reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction [rt-qPCR], Western blot), and cellular uptake (fluorescent microscopy) were studied. In vivo gene silencing efficiency of siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ NPs was assessed by administration in nude mice via either intratumoral (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) routes. Tumor growth was followed for 19 days. Tumors were then collected, and RET/PTC1 gene and protein inhibitions were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS The combination of siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ bioconjugate and GALA-Chol leads to stable NPs of ∼200 nm diameter. In vitro, the results revealed that combining GALA-Chol with siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ NPs decreased cell viability, enhanced cellular internalization, and induced gene silencing efficiency in both human PTC (BHP 10-3 SCmice and TPC-1) cell lines. On the contrary, in vivo, the siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ GALA-Chol NPs were not found to be efficient either in gene silencing or in tumor growth inhibition, compared to siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ NPs both via i.t. and i.v. routes (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Conversely to siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ NPs, the siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ GALA-Chol NPs are efficient in vitro but not in vivo. Finally, NPs of siRNA RET/PTC1-SQ were found to be efficient silencers of the RET/PTC1 fusion oncogene in in vivo applications even at a concentration lower than used in a previously published study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- 1 Laboratory of Vectorology and Anti-Cancer Therapies (UMR 8203 CNRS), Gustave Roussy , Villejuif, France
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Wakabayashi R, Abe Y, Kamiya N, Goto M. The self-assembly and secondary structure of peptide amphiphiles determine the membrane permeation activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02901a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New GALA-related peptide amphiphiles were designed and the influence of their self-assembling propensity and the secondary structure on the membrane permeability was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuko Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Future Chemistry
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Intelligent design of multifunctional lipid-coated nanoparticle platforms for cancer therapy. Ther Deliv 2013; 3:1429-45. [PMID: 23323560 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly evolving and dramatically changing the paradigms of drug delivery. The small sizes, unique chemical properties, large surface areas, structural diversity and multifunctionality of nanoparticles prove to be greatly advantageous for combating notoriously therapeutically evasive diseases such as cancer. Multifunctional nanoparticles have been designed to enhance tumor uptake through either passive or active targeting, while also avoiding reticuloendothelial system uptake through the incorporation of PEG onto the surface. First-generation nanoparticle systems, such as liposomes, are good carriers for drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics, although they have some limitations. These lipid bilayers are now being utilized as excellent carriers for drug-loaded, solid core particles such as iron oxide, mesoporus silica and calcium phosphate. In this article, their design, as well as their multifunctional role in cancer therapy are discussed.
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17
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The transfection activity of R8-modified nanoparticles and siRNA condensation using pH sensitive stearylated-octahistidine. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nakamura T, Akita H, Yamada Y, Hatakeyama H, Harashima H. A multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice for use in nanomedicine: concept and applications. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:1113-21. [PMID: 22324902 DOI: 10.1021/ar200254s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, drug development has shifted toward larger molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, which require the use of new chemical strategies. In this process, the drug delivery system plays a central role and intracellular targeting using nanotechnology has become a key technology for the development of successful new medicines. We have developed a new delivery system, a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice (MEND) based on "Programmed Packaging." In this new concept of packaging, multifunctional nanodevices are integrated into a nanocarrier system according to a program designed to overcome all barriers during the course of biodistribution and intracellular trafficking. In this Account, we introduce our method for delivering nucleic acids or proteins to intracellular sites of action such as the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria and for targeting selective tissues in vivo via systemic administration of the nanodevices. First, we introduce an octaarginine-modified MEND (R8-MEND) as an efficient intracellular delivery system, designed especially for vaccinations and transgene expression. Many types of cells can internalize the R8-MEND, mainly by inducing macropinocytosis, and the MEND escapes from macropinosomes via membrane fusion, which leads to efficient antigen presentation via the major histocompatibility complex I pathway in antigen-presenting cells. In addition, the transfection activities of the R8-MEND in dividing cells, such as HeLa or A549 cells, are as high as those for adenovirus. However, because the R8-MEND cannot induce sufficient transgene activity in primary cultured dendritic cells, which are critical regulators of the immune response, we converted the R8-MEND into a tetralamellar MEND (T-MEND). The T-MEND uses a new packaging method and delivers condensed pDNA into the nucleus via fusion between the envelopes and the nuclear membrane. To achieve efficient transfection activity, we also optimized the decondensation of nucleic acids within the nucleus. To optimize mitochondrial drug delivery, we introduced the MITOPorter. Many types of materials can be packaged into this liposome-based nanocarrier and then delivered to mitochondria via membrane fusion mechanisms. Finally, we describe an integrated strategy for in vivo tumor delivery and optimization of intracellular trafficking. Successful tumor delivery typically requires coating the surfaces of nanoparticles with PEG, but PEG can also limit uptake by the reticuloendothelial system and reduce the efficiency of intracellular trafficking. Here we integrate the optimum biodistribution and intracellular trafficking of the MEND with an innovative strategy such as enzymatically cleavable PEG and a short membrane peptide, GALA. Some of these strategies will soon be tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - H. Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Y. Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - H. Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - H. Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Reversible masking using low-molecular-weight neutral lipids to achieve optimal-targeted delivery. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:173465. [PMID: 22655199 PMCID: PMC3359711 DOI: 10.1155/2012/173465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous injection of therapeutics is required to effectively treat or cure metastatic cancer, certain cardiovascular diseases, and other acquired or inherited diseases. Using this route of delivery allows potential uptake in all disease targets that are accessed by the bloodstream. However, normal tissues and organs also have the potential for uptake of therapeutic agents. Therefore, investigators have used targeted delivery to attempt delivery solely to the target cells; however, use of ligands on the surface of delivery vehicles to target specific cell surface receptors is not sufficient to avoid nonspecific uptake. PEGylation has been used for decades to try to avoid nonspecific uptake but suffers from many problems known as “The PEGylation Dilemma.” We have solved this dilemma by replacing PEGylation with reversible masking using low-molecular-weight neutral lipids in order to achieve optimal-targeted delivery solely to target cells. Our paper will focus on this topic.
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Li Y, Wang J, Wientjes MG, Au JLS. Delivery of nanomedicines to extracellular and intracellular compartments of a solid tumor. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:29-39. [PMID: 21569804 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular medicines have led to identification of promising targets on cellular and molecular levels. These targets are located in extracellular and intracellular compartments. The latter include cytosol, nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. This report gives an overview on the barriers to delivering nanomedicines to various target sites within a solid tumor, the experimental approaches to overcome such barriers, and the potential utility of nanotechnology.
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22
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Subcellular fate and off-target effects of siRNA, shRNA, and miRNA. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2996-3015. [PMID: 22033880 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) strategies include double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). As this is a highly specific technique, efforts have been made to utilize RNAi towards potential knock down of disease-causing genes in a targeted fashion. RNAi has the potential to selectively inhibit gene expression by degrading or blocking the translation of the target mRNA. However, delivering these RNAs to specific cells presents a significant challenge. Some of these challenges result from the necessity of traversing the circulatory system while avoiding kidney filtration, degradation by endonucleases, aggregation with serum proteins, and uptake by phagocytes. Further, non-specific delivery may result in side-effects, including the activation of immune response. We discuss the challenges in the systemic delivery to target cells, cellular uptake, endosomal release and intracellular transport of RNAi drugs and recent progress in overcoming these barriers. We also discuss approaches that increase the specificity and metabolic stability and reduce the off-target effects of RNAi strategy.
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Endosomal escape and the knockdown efficiency of liposomal-siRNA by the fusogenic peptide shGALA. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5733-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ishitsuka T, Akita H, Harashima H. Functional improvement of an IRQ-PEG-MEND for delivering genes to the lung. J Control Release 2011; 154:77-83. [PMID: 21619903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of genes to endothelial cells is a potential strategy for curing certain types of disorders including cancer, inflammation and obesity. We previously reported that a liposome (IRQ-LP) modified with the IRQ peptide (IRQRRRR) was taken up by cells via a unique pathway, namely caveolar endocytosis, a cellular uptake pathway that is involved in the blood-to-tissue uptake of macromolecules in vascular endothelial cells. In the present study, we initally investigated the effect of IRQ peptide-modification on the biodistribution of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)-coated liposomes (PEG-LP) after i.v. administration. The IRQ peptide-modified PEG-LP (IRQ-PEG-LP), as well as the PEG-LP were found to be mainly accumulated in the liver. Nevertheless, the fold increase in the lung accumulation of IRQ-PEG-LP, compared to the PEG-LP (approximately 20-folds) was substantially higher than other tissues (<5-fold). Thus, IRQ could function as a target ligand for lungs. We then used the IRQ peptide as a model for a ligand for targeting normal tissue endothelial cells, and then applied it to a gene delivery system. We previously developed a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND), in which plasmid DNA is condensed using a polycation to form a core particle that is encapsulated in a lipid envelope. We modified the IRQ-modified PEG to the MEND (IRQ-PEG-MEND) and marker gene expression was evaluated after i.v. administration. However the transgene expression of the IRQ-PEG-MEND in lungs was low. This is most likely due to the inhibitory effect of the PEG spacer on intracellular trafficking (especially endosomal escape) of the IRQ-PEG-MEND. To overcome the dilemma associated with PEGylation, we improved the MEND system from the point of view of PEG length, lipid chain of the PEG derivative, the polycation and cationic lipid. As a result, transgene expression in lungs was enhanced in stepwise manner, and was finally improved by 5 orders of magnitude compared with the original IRQ-PEG-MEND. Overcoming the dilemma of PEGylation is critical issue for in vivo applications of gene delivery targeting endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ishitsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Harashima H. A multifunctional envelope type nano device (MEND) for gene delivery to tumours based on the EPR effect: a strategy for overcoming the PEG dilemma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:152-60. [PMID: 20840859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene and nucleic acid therapy are expected to play a major role in the next generation of medicine. We recently developed a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) for use as a novel non-viral gene delivery system. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylation is a useful method for achieving a longer circulation time for delivery of the MEND to a tumour via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, PEGylation strongly inhibits cellular uptake and endosomal escape, which results in significant loss of activity for the delivery system. For successful gene delivery for cancer treatment, the crucial issue associated with the use of PEG, the 'PEG dilemma' must be addressed. In this review, we describe the development and applications of MEND, and discuss strategies for overcoming the PEG dilemma, based on the manipulation of intracellular trafficking of cellular uptake and endosomal release using functional devices such as specific ligands, cleavable PEG systems and endosomal fusogenic/disruptic peptides.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The field of RNA interference technology has been researched extensively in recent years. However, the development of clinically suitable, safe and effective drug delivery vehicles is still required. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the recent advances of non-viral delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) by nanoparticles, including biodegradable nanoparticles, liposomes, polyplex, lipoplex and dendrimers. The characteristics, composition, preparation, applications and advantages of different nanoparticle delivery strategies are also discussed in detail, along with the recent progress of non-viral nanoparticle carrier systems for siRNA delivery in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Non-viral carrier systems, especially nanoparticles, have been investigated extensively for siRNA delivery, and may be utilized in clinical applications in the future. So far, a few preliminary clinical trials of nanoparticles have produced promising results. However, further research is still required to pave the way to successful clinical applications. The most important issues that need to be focused on include encapsulation efficiency, formulation stability of siRNA, degradation in circulation, endosomal escape and delivery efficiency, targeting, toxicity and off-target effects. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies also present another great challenge for nanoparticle delivery systems, owing to the unique nature of siRNA oligonucleotides compared with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yuan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, 75 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201-5497, USA.
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Nakase I, Kobayashi S, Futaki S. Endosome-disruptive peptides for improving cytosolic delivery of bioactive macromolecules. Biopolymers 2011; 94:763-70. [PMID: 20564044 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Along with recent advances in therapeutic technologies based on biomacromolecules, including genes, oligonucleotides, and proteins, the development of technologies for improving the efficiency of the delivery of these therapeutic molecules into cells, more specifically into the cytosol and nucleus, is significantly required. Cell membranes are major impediments to the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules into cells. These macromolecules are usually taken up by the cells via endocytosis, and their translocation from endosomes to the cytosol is a critical step to determine their therapeutic effects. Many viruses and bacterial toxins use endocytic pathways to invade the host mammalian cells, and some of these pathogens have the ability to facilitate their endosomal escape into the cytosol by pH-induced alteration in their component proteins that leads to the disruption of the endosomal membranes and the eventual membrane fusions. To simulating these functions, endosome-disruptive peptides have been used for the intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules to accelerate their endosomal escape by sensing the endosomal acidification. In this review, current approaches for the intracellular delivery using these endosome-disruptive peptides are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuhiko Nakase
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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A DNA microarray-based analysis of the host response to a nonviral gene carrier: a strategy for improving the immune response. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1487-98. [PMID: 21386823 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the host response to systemically administered lipid nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating plasmid DNA (pDNA) in the spleen using a DNA microarray. As a model for NPs, we used a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND). Microarray analysis revealed that 1,581 of the differentially expressed genes could be identified by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-unmodified NP using a threefold change relative to the control. As the result of PEGylation, the NP treatment resulted in the reduction in the expression of most of the genes. However, the expression of type I interferon (IFN) was specifically increased by PEGylation. Based on the microarray and a pathway analysis, we hypothesize that PEGylation inhibited the endosomal escape of NP, and extended the interaction of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) with CpG-DNA accompanied by the production of type I IFN. This hypothesis was tested by introducing a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide, GALA, which enhances the endosomal escape of PEGylated NP. As expected, type I IFN was reduced and interleukin-6 (IL-6) remained at the baseline. These findings indicate that a carrier design based on microarray analysis and the manipulation of intracellular trafficking constitutes a rational strategy for reducing the host immune response to NPs.
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Guo S, Huang L. Nanoparticles Escaping RES and Endosome: Challenges for siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2011. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1155/2011/742895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) technology has emerged as a promising potential treatment for viral, genetic diseases and cancers. Despite the powerful therapeutic potential of siRNA, there are challenges for developing efficient and specific delivery systems for systemic administration. There are extracellular and intracellular barriers for nanoparticle-mediated delivery. First, nanoparticles are rapidly cleared from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Second, following their cellular uptake, nanoparticles are trapped in endosomes/lysosomes, where siRNA would be degraded by enzymes. In this review, we describe strategies for grafting a polyethylene glycol (PEG) brush to the nanoparticles for evading RES, such that they may effectively accumulate in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. PEG has to shed from the nanoparticles to allow close interaction with the tumor cells. Current strategies for facilitating endosome escape, such as ion pair formation, “proton sponge effect”, destabilizing endosome membrane, and hydrophobic modification of the vector, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Furukawa R, Yamada Y, Takenaga M, Igarashi R, Harashima H. Octaarginine-modified liposomes enhance the anti-oxidant effect of Lecithinized superoxide dismutase by increasing its cellular uptake. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:796-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sato Y, Hatakeyama H, Harashima H. Ornithine and tryptophan analogs as efficient polycations for short interference RNA delivery to tumor cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1246-9. [PMID: 20606322 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acids to cancer cells represents a potentially useful strategy. Previously, we developed a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) for the efficient delivery of plasmid DNA. In addition, we successfully delivered short interference RNA (siRNA) into cytoplasm using a MEND which contains siRNA particles that were produced using stearyl octaarginine (STR-R8). In the present study, to achieve further gene silencing activity compared with STR-R8, various additional polycations were screened. We used protamine and 10 different polypeptides containing random sequence of basic amino acids. The ability of these polycations to form nano particles with siRNA were evaluated by measuring the size and zeta-potential of produced nano particles, and as a consequence, 6 of the polycations were selected for further evaluation. We then prepared MENDs containing the particles. The lipid composition of the MEND consisted of dioleoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE)/phosphatidic acid (PA) (7/2). For cellular uptake and endosomal escape, the MEND was modified with PPD (polyethylene glycol (PEG)-peptide-DOPE), STR-R8 and GALA, pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide. The resulting MEND had a diameter of 120-170 nm and a zeta-potential of 15-25 mV. The MEND was transfected into HeLa cells stably expressing luciferase and the silencing activity of the polycations was compared. Most of the polycations failed to knockdown luciferase activity. However, the polypeptide containing ornithine and tryptophan (Orn/Trp) induced a higher knockdown than STR-R8. In addition, Orn/Trp induced a silencing effect at lower doses than STR-R8, as evidenced by dose-response data. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Orn/Trp is a superior polycation to STR-R8 for siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Ukawa M, Akita H, Masuda T, Hayashi Y, Konno T, Ishihara K, Harashima H. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer (MPC)-coating improves the transfection activity of GALA-modified lipid nanoparticles by assisting the cellular uptake and intracellular dissociation of plasmid DNA in primary hepatocytes. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McCarthy HO, Wang Y, Mangipudi SS, Hatefi A. Advances with the use of bio-inspired vectors towards creation of artificial viruses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:497-512. [PMID: 20151849 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903579989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of recombinant vectors based on biological motifs with potential applications in gene therapy. Several such vectors have been genetically engineered, resulting in biomacromolecules with new properties that are not present in nature. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current state-of-the-art gene delivery systems (viral and non-viral) and then provides an overview on the application of various biological motifs in vector development for gene delivery. Finally, it highlights some of the most advanced bio-inspired vectors that are designed to perform several self-guided functions. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review helps the readers get a better understanding about the history and evolution of bio-inspired fusion vectors with the potential to merge the strengths of both viral and non-viral vectors in order to create efficient, safe and cost-effective gene delivery systems. TAKE HOME MESSAGE With the emergence of new technologies such as recombinant bio-inspired vectors, it may not take long before non-viral vectors are observed that are not just safe and tissue-specific, but even more efficient than viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O McCarthy
- Queens University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Rothdiener M, Müller D, Castro PG, Scholz A, Schwemmlein M, Fey G, Heidenreich O, Kontermann RE. Targeted delivery of SiRNA to CD33-positive tumor cells with liposomal carrier systems. J Control Release 2010; 144:251-8. [PMID: 20184933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
SiRNA molecules represent promising therapeutic molecules, e.g. for cancer therapy. However, efficient delivery into tumor cells remains a major obstacle for treatment. Here, we describe a liposomal siRNA carrier system for targeted delivery of siRNA to CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia cells. The siRNA is directed against the t(8;21) translocation resulting in the AML1/MTG8 fusion protein. The siRNA was encapsulated in free or polyethylene imine (PEI)-complexed form into PEGylated liposomes endowed subsequently with an anti-CD33 single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) for targeted delivery. The resulting siRNA-loaded immunoliposomes (IL) and immunolipoplexes (ILP) showed specific binding and internalization by CD33-expressing myeloid leukemia cell lines (SKNO-1, Kasumi-1). Targeted delivery of AML1/MTG8 siRNA, but not of mismatch control siRNA, reduced AML1/MTG8 mRNA and protein levels and decreased leukemic clonogenicity, a hallmark of leukemic self-renewal. Although this study revealed that further modifications are necessary to increase efficacy of siRNA delivery and silencing, we were able to establish a targeted liposomal siRNA delivery system combining recombinant antibody fragments for targeted delivery with tumor cell-specific siRNA molecules as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rothdiener
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Mäe M, Andaloussi SE, Lehto T, Langel U. Chemically modified cell-penetrating peptides for the delivery of nucleic acids. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 6:1195-205. [PMID: 19831582 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903213688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Short nucleic acids targeting biologically important RNAs and plasmids have been shown to be promising future therapeutics; however, their hydrophilic nature greatly limits their utility in clinics and therefore efficient delivery vectors are greatly needed. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are relatively short amphipathic and/or cationic peptides that are able to transport various biologically active molecules inside mammalian cells, both in vitro and in vivo, in a seemingly non-toxic fashion. Although CPPs have proved to be appealing drug delivery vehicles, their major limitation in nucleic acid delivery is that most of the internalized peptide-cargo is entrapped in endosomal compartments following endocytosis and the bioavailability is therefore severely reduced. Several groups are working towards overcoming this obstacle and this review highlights the evidence that by introducing chemical modification in CPPs, the bioavailability of delivered nucleic acids increases significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarja Mäe
- Stockholm University, Department of Neurochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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