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Zhou X, Ohgaki R, Jin C, Xu M, Okanishi H, Endou H, Kanai Y. Inhibition of amino acid transporter LAT1 in cancer cells suppresses G0/G1-S transition by downregulating cyclin D1 via p38 MAPK activation. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:182-191. [PMID: 38395519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is upregulated in various cancers and associated with disease progression. Nanvuranlat (Nanv; JPH203, KYT-0353), a selective LAT1 inhibitor, suppresses the uptake of large neutral amino acids required for rapid growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Previous studies have suggested that the inhibition of LAT1 by Nanv induces the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using pancreatic cancer cells arrested at the restriction check point (R) by serum deprivation, we found that the Nanv drastically suppresses the G0/G1-S transition after release. This blockade of the cell cycle progression was accompanied by a sustained activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequent phosphorylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1. Isoform-specific knockdown of p38 MAPK revealed the predominant contribution of p38α. Proteasome inhibitors restored the cyclin D1 amount and released the cell cycle arrest caused by Nanv. The increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the decrease of cyclin D1 were recapitulated in xenograft tumor models treated with Nanv. This study contributes to delineating the pharmacological activities of LAT1 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents and provides significant insights into the molecular basis of the amino acid-dependent cell cycle checkpoint at G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Chunhuan Jin
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Otani R, Takigawa H, Yuge R, Shimizu D, Ariyoshi M, Miyamoto R, Kadota H, Hiyama Y, Hayashi R, Urabe Y, Ishikawa A, Oue N, Kitadai Y, Oka S, Tanaka S. The Anti-Tumor Effect of the Newly Developed LAT1 Inhibitor JPH203 in Colorectal Carcinoma, According to a Comprehensive Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051383. [PMID: 36900176 PMCID: PMC10000236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-specific inhibitor, JPH203, is expected to cause cancer-specific starvation and possess anti-tumor effects; however, its anti-tumor mechanism for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We analyzed LAT family gene expressions in public databases using UCSC Xena and evaluated LAT1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry in 154 cases of surgically resected CRC. We also evaluated mRNA expression using polymerase chain reaction in 10 CRC cell lines. Furthermore, JPH203 treatment experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo using an allogeneic immune-responsive mouse model with abundant stroma created via the orthotopic transplantation of the mouse-derived CRC cell line CT26 and mesenchymal stem cells. The treatment experiments were followed by comprehensive gene expression analyses with RNA sequencing. Database analyses and immunohistochemistry research on clinical specimens revealed that LAT1 expression was cancer-dominant, and its increase was accompanied by tumor progression. In vitro, JPH203 was effective in an LAT1 expression-dependent manner. In vivo, JPH203 treatment considerably reduced tumor size and metastasis, and RNA sequencing-based pathway analysis showed that not only tumor growth and amino acid metabolism pathways, but also stromal activation-related pathways were suppressed. The results of the RNA sequencing were validated in the clinical specimens, as well as both in vitro and in vivo. LAT1 expression in CRC plays an important role in tumor progression. JPH203 may inhibit the progression of CRC and tumor stromal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takigawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-822575939
| | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Misa Ariyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiyama
- Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Urabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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3
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Lopes C, Pereira C, Medeiros R. ASCT2 and LAT1 Contribution to the Hallmarks of Cancer: From a Molecular Perspective to Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020203. [PMID: 33429909 PMCID: PMC7828050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the amino acid transporters ASCT2 and LAT1 in cancer has been explored throughout the years. In this review, we report their impact on the hallmarks of cancer, as well as their clinical significance. Overall, both proteins have been associated with cell death resistance through dysregulation of caspases and sustainment of proliferative signaling through mTOR activation. Furthermore, ASCT2 appears to play an important role in cellular energetics regulation, whereas LAT1 expression is associated with angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis activation. The molecular impact of these proteins on the hallmarks of cancer translates into various clinical applications and both transporters have been identified as prognostic factors in many types of cancer. Concerning their role as therapeutic targets, efforts have been undertaken to synthesize competitive or irreversible ASCT2 and LAT1 inhibitors. However, JHP203, a selective inhibitor of the latter, is, to the best of our knowledge, the only compound included in a Phase 1 clinical trial. In conclusion, considering the usefulness of ASCT2 and LAT1 in a variety of cancer-related pathways and cancer therapy/diagnosis, the development and testing of novel inhibitors for these transporters that could be evaluated in clinical trials represents a promising approach to cancer prognosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-001
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer—North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvalação, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
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4
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Okano N, Naruge D, Kawai K, Kobayashi T, Nagashima F, Endou H, Furuse J. First-in-human phase I study of JPH203, an L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1495-1506. [PMID: 32198649 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This open-label first-in-human study evaluated JPH203, which is a novel selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor. We also evaluated the association between the N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype and outcomes. Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors received daily intravenous JPH203 treatment for 7 days, followed by a 21-day rest period, at escalating doses of 12-85 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities were evaluated during the first cycle using a 3 + 3 design. The study enrolled 17 patients, although grade 3 liver dysfunction was detected in one of six patients receiving 60 mg/m2 and in the first patient to receive 85 mg/m2. Further enrollment was terminated and the maximum tolerated dose was defined as 60 mg/m2. The AUC∞ increased between 12 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2, although no differences were observed at 25-40 mg/m2. Partial response was observed for one patient with biliary tract cancer (BTC) at the 12 mg/m2 dose, and disease control was achieved by 3 of 6 patients at the 12 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2 dose levels. Based on these results, we recommend a phase II dose of 25 mg/m2. The disease control rate for BTC was 60%. Two patients with grade 3 liver dysfunction had the rapid N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype, and disease control was more common for the non-rapid phenotype (50% vs. 12.5%). It appears that JPH203 was well-tolerated and provided promising activity against BTC. The N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype might help predict the safety and efficacy of JPH203. Clinical trial registration: UMIN000016546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Naruge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kirio Kawai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Fumio Nagashima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | | | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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5
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Maimaiti M, Sakamoto S, Yamada Y, Sugiura M, Rii J, Takeuchi N, Imamura Y, Furihata T, Ando K, Higuchi K, Xu M, Sazuka T, Nakamura K, Kaneda A, Kanai Y, Kyprianou N, Ikehara Y, Anzai N, Ichikawa T. Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 as a molecular target for prognostic and therapeutic indicators in bladder carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1292. [PMID: 31992742 PMCID: PMC6987139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) plays a role in transporting essential amino acids including leucine, which regulates the mTOR signaling pathway. Here, we studied the expression profile and functional role of LAT1 in bladder cancer. Furthermore, the pharmacological activity of JPH203, a specific inhibitor of LAT1, was studied in bladder cancer. LAT1 expression in bladder cancer cells was higher than that in normal cells. SiLAT1 and JPH203 suppressed cell proliferative and migratory and invasive abilities in bladder cancer cells. JPH203 inhibited leucine uptake by > 90%. RNA-seq analysis identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) as a downstream target of JPH203. JPH203 inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK / Erk, AKT, p70S6K and 4EBP-1. Multivariate analysis revealed that high LAT1 expression was found as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR3.46 P = 0.0204). Patients with high LAT1 and IGFBP-5 expression had significantly shorter overall survival periods than those with low expression (P = 0.0005). High LAT1 was related to the high Grade, pathological T stage, LDH, and NLR. Collectively, LAT1 significantly contributed to bladder cancer progression. Targeting LAT1 by JPH203 may represent a novel therapeutic option in bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maihulan Maimaiti
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yasutaka Yamada
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugiura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junryo Rii
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Imamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ando
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higuchi
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Sazuka
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yuzuru Ikehara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Chien HC, Colas C, Finke K, Springer S, Stoner L, Zur AA, Venteicher B, Campbell J, Hall C, Flint A, Augustyn E, Hernandez C, Heeren N, Hansen L, Anthony A, Bauer J, Fotiadis D, Schlessinger A, Giacomini KM, Thomas AA. Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7358-7373. [PMID: 30048132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) transports essential amino acids across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into cancer cells. To utilize LAT1 for drug delivery, potent amino acid promoieties are desired, as prodrugs must compete with millimolar concentrations of endogenous amino acids. To better understand ligand-transporter interactions that could improve potency, we developed structural LAT1 models to guide the design of substituted analogues of phenylalanine and histidine. Furthermore, we evaluated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) for both enantiomers of naturally occurring LAT1 substrates. Analogues were tested in cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation cell assays to determine potency and uptake rate. Surprisingly, LAT1 can transport amino acid-like substrates with wide-ranging polarities including those containing ionizable substituents. Additionally, the rate of LAT1 transport was generally nonstereoselective even though enantiomers likely exhibit different binding modes. Our findings have broad implications to the development of new treatments for brain disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Claire Colas
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Karissa Finke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Seth Springer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Laura Stoner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Arik A Zur
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Brooklynn Venteicher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Jerome Campbell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Colton Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Andrew Flint
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Evan Augustyn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Christopher Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Nathan Heeren
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Logan Hansen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Abby Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Justine Bauer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska at Kearney , Kearney , Nebraska 68849 , United States
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7
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Choi DW, Kim DK, Kanai Y, Wempe MF, Endou H, Kim JK. JPH203, a selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor, induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:599-607. [PMID: 29200902 PMCID: PMC5709476 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most normal cells express L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). However, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many tumor cells and presumed to support their increased growth and proliferation. This study examined the effects of JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, on cell growth and its mechanism for cell death in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. FOB human osteoblastic cells and Saos2 cells expressed LAT1 and LAT2 together with their associating protein 4F2 heavy chain, but the expression of LAT2 in the Saos2 cells was especially weak. JPH203 and BCH, a non-selective L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor, potently inhibited L-leucine uptake in Saos2 cells. As expected, the intrinsic ability of JPH203 to inhibit L-leucine uptake was far more efficient than that of BCH in Saos2 cells. Likewise, JPH203 and BCH inhibited Saos2 cell growth with JPH203 being superior to BCH in this regard. Furthermore, JPH203 increased apoptosis rates and formed DNA ladder in Saos2 cells. Moreover, JPH203 activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating pro-apoptotic factors, such as Bad, Bax, and Bak, and the active form of caspase-9, and downregulating anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These results suggest that the inhibition of LAT1 activity via JPH203, which may act as a potential novel anti-cancer agent, leads to apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing the intracellular depletion of neutral amino acids essential for cell growth in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michael F Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.,J-Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0046, Japan
| | - Jong-Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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8
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Mello-Andrade F, da Costa WL, Pires WC, Pereira FDC, Cardoso CG, Lino-Junior RDS, Irusta VRC, Carneiro CC, de Melo-Reis PR, Castro CH, Almeida MAP, Batista AA, Silveira-Lacerda EDP. Antitumor effectiveness and mechanism of action of Ru(II)/amino acid/diphosphine complexes in the peritoneal carcinomatosis progression. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695933. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Lucas da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Carvalho Pires
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Castro Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ruy de Souza Lino-Junior
- Laboratório de Patologia Geral, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiene Costa Carneiro
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia de Microrganismos e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto de Melo-Reis
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais em Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biomedicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Autonômica e Cardíaca, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisângela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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9
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Yothaisong S, Dokduang H, Anzai N, Hayashi K, Namwat N, Yongvanit P, Sangkhamanon S, Jutabha P, Endou H, Loilome W. Inhibition of l-type amino acid transporter 1 activity as a new therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694545. [PMID: 28347255 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike normal cells, cancer cells undergo unlimited growth and multiplication, causing them to require massive amounts of amino acid to support their continuous metabolism. Among the amino acid transporters expressed on the plasma membrane, l-type amino acid transporter-1, a Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter, is highly expressed in many types of human cancer including cholangiocarcinoma. Our previous study reported that l-type amino acid transporter-1 and its co-functional protein CD98 were highly expressed and implicated in cholangiocarcinoma progression and carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study determined the effect of JPH203, a selective inhibitor of l-type amino acid transporter-1 activity, on cholangiocarcinoma cell inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. JPH203 dramatically suppressed [14C]l-leucine uptake as well as cell growth in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines along with altering the expression of l-type amino acid transporter-1 and CD98 in response to amino acid depletion. We also demonstrated that JPH203 induced both G2/M and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, as well as reduced the S phase accompanied by altered expression of the proteins in cell cycle progression: cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6. There was also cell cycle arrest of the related proteins, P21 and P27, in KKU-055 and KKU-213 cholangiocarcinoma cells. Apoptosis induction, detected by an increase in trypan blue-stained cells along with a cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio, occurred in JPH203-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells at the highest concentration tested (100 µM). As expected, daily intravenous administration of JPH203 (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth in KKU-213 cholangiocarcinoma cell xenografts in the nude mice model in a dose-dependent manner with no statistically significant change in the animal's body weight and with no differences in the histology and appearance of the internal organs compared with the control group. Our study demonstrates that suppression of l-type amino acid transporter-1 activity using JPH203 might be used as a new therapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supak Yothaisong
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,2 Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,3 Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hasaya Dokduang
- 2 Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,3 Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- 4 Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hayashi
- 5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Nisana Namwat
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,2 Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,3 Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,2 Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,3 Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- 6 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Promsuk Jutabha
- 5 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | | | - Watcharin Loilome
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,2 Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,3 Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Ohshima Y, Kaira K, Yamaguchi A, Oriuchi N, Tominaga H, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Yokobori T, Miyazaki T, Asao T, Tsushima Y, Kuwano H, Ishioka NS. Efficacy of system l amino acid transporter 1 inhibition as a therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1499-1505. [PMID: 27465934 PMCID: PMC5084656 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
System l amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and contributes to cancer growth and survival. Recently, we have shown that LAT1 expression is closely related to the growth and aggressiveness of esophageal cancer, and is an independent marker of poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether LAT1 inhibition could suppress esophageal cancer growth. In this study, we investigated the tumor‐suppressive effects of the inhibition of LAT1. Both LAT1 and CD98, which covalently associates to LAT1 on the membrane, were expressed in human esophageal cancer cell lines KYSE30 and KYSE150. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of LAT1 was much higher than other subtypes of LAT. A selective inhibitor of LAT, 2‐aminobicyclo‐(2,2,1)‐heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (BCH), suppressed cellular uptake of l‐14C‐leucine and cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. It also suppressed phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, 4E‐BP1, and p70S6K protein, and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. These results suggest that suppression of both mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and cell cycle progression is involved in BCH‐induced growth inhibition. In tumor‐bearing mice, daily treatment with BCH significantly delayed tumor growth and decreased glucose metabolism, indicating that LAT1 inhibition potentially suppresses esophageal cancer growth in vivo. Thus, our results suggest that LAT1 inhibition could be a promising molecular target for the esophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Aiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tominaga
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Noriko S Ishioka
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Japan
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11
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Prognostic significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression in cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:399-405. [PMID: 26237765 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters play a crucial role in the development and invasiveness of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether or not the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has prognostic significance in patients with cutaneous melanoma. A total of 128 patients with cutaneous melanoma were evaluated. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for LAT1, CD98, Ki-67, and microvessel density determined by CD34 and p53. We also analyzed 30 specimens of patients with melanocytic nevi as negative controls. LAT1 and CD98 were highly expressed in 58% (75/128) and 75% (97/128), respectively. The rates of positivity for LAT1 in the melanocytic nevi were 0% (0/30). The expression of LAT1 was associated significantly with tumor thickness, T factor, CD98 expression, cell proliferation (Ki-67), and microvessel density (CD34). By Spearman's rank test, LAT1 expression was correlated with CD98, Ki-67, and CD34. By univariate analysis, tumor thickness, ulceration, disease staging, LAT1, and CD34 showed a significant relationship with overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis confirmed that LAT1 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting a poor prognosis. This study had a small sample size. LAT1 can serve as a significant prognostic factor to predict a poor outcome and it may therefore play an important role in the aggressiveness of cutaneous melanoma.
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12
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Honjo H, Kaira K, Miyazaki T, Yokobori T, Kanai Y, Nagamori S, Oyama T, Asao T, Kuwano H. Clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and ASCT2 in patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:381-9. [PMID: 26936531 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acid transporters are highly expressed in various human cancers. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and system alanine-serine-cysteine amino acid transporter-2 (ASCT2) play a crucial role in tumor progression and survival. However, the clinicopathological significance of these transporters in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. METHODS One hundred and fifty-seven patients with surgically resected ESCC were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for LAT1, ASCT2, CD98, Ki-67, and micro-vessel density (MVD), as determined by CD34 expression. RESULTS LAT1 and ASCT2 were positively expressed in 59% (93/157) and 48% (76/157) of tumors respectively. LAT1 and ASCT2 expression significantly correlated with T factor, N factor, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, and CD98 expression. The 5-year survival rates of LAT1-high and -low and ASCT2-high and -low expressing patients were 62.0% and 69.6% (P < 0.05) and 59.6% and 70.1% (P = 0.068), respectively. The combined positive expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 was a significant prognostic factor in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION High expression of LAT1 and ASCT2 correlates with metastasis and invasion. Accordingly, these proteins could serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treating patients with surgically resectable ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:381-389. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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13
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Pan J. The role of L-type amino acid transporter 1 in human tumors. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2015; 4:165-9. [PMID: 26668776 PMCID: PMC4660857 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an L-type amino acid transporter and transports large neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, and histidine. LAT1 was found to be highly expressed especially in human cancer tissues, and up-regulated LAT1 can lead to dysfunction in human tumor cells. These findings suggest that LAT1 plays an important role in human tumors. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of LAT1 expression and its clinical significance and function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- University of Ji'nan Shandong Academy of Medical Science School of Medicine and Life Science, Ji'nan, China
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Ji'nan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- University of Ji'nan Shandong Academy of Medical Science School of Medicine and Life Science, Ji'nan, China
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- University of Ji'nan Shandong Academy of Medical Science School of Medicine and Life Science, Ji'nan, China
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Rare Diseases of Shandong Province, Ji'nan, China
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14
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Nikkuni O, Kaira K, Toyoda M, Shino M, Sakakura K, Takahashi K, Tominaga H, Oriuchi N, Suzuki M, Iijima M, Asao T, Nishiyama M, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K. Expression of Amino Acid Transporters (LAT1 and ASCT2) in Patients with Stage III/IV Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1175-81. [PMID: 26024742 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression in patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A total of 73 patients with advanced LSCC were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for LAT1, 4F2hc, system ASC amino acid transporter-2 (ASCT2), cell proliferation by Ki-67, microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34 and p53. A positive LAT1, 4F2hc and ASCT2 expression (staining more than a quarter) in the primary sites were recognized in 85, 80 and 45 %, respectively, and a high LAT1, 4F2hc and ASCT2 expression (staining more than a half) yielded 48, 31 and 18 %, respectively. High expression of LAT1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, 4F2hc, ASCT2, Ki-67 and p53. The expression of LAT1 was significantly correlated with ASCT2, 4F2hc, cell proliferation, and MVD. By univariate analysis, there was no statistically significant relationship between LAT1 expression and prognosis in advanced LSCC. LAT1, 4F2hc and ASCT2 were highly expressed in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Our study suggests that the expression of LAT1 plays a crucial role in the metastasis and tumor progression in advanced LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nikkuni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan,
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15
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Jin SE, Jin HE, Hong SS. Targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 for anticancer therapy: clinical impact from diagnostics to therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1319-37. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1044975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Nøhr M, Juul R, Thale Z, Holm R, Kreilgaard M, Nielsen C. Is oral absorption of vigabatrin carrier-mediated? Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 69:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Hayes GM, Chinn L, Cantor JM, Cairns B, Levashova Z, Tran H, Velilla T, Duey D, Lippincott J, Zachwieja J, Ginsberg MH, H van der Horst E. Antitumor activity of an anti-CD98 antibody. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:710-20. [PMID: 25556716 PMCID: PMC6680144 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD98 is expressed on several tissue types and specifically upregulated on fast-cycling cells undergoing clonal expansion. Various solid (e.g., nonsmall cell lung carcinoma) as well as hematological malignancies (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia) overexpress CD98. We have identified a CD98-specific mouse monoclonal antibody that exhibits potent preclinical antitumor activity against established lymphoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, the humanized antibody designated IGN523 demonstrated robust tumor growth inhibition in leukemic cell-line derived xenograft models and was as efficacious as standard of care carboplatin in patient-derived nonsmall lung cancer xenografts. In vitro studies revealed that IGN523 elicited strong ADCC activity, induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and inhibited essential amino acid transport function, ultimately resulting in caspase-3 and -7-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. IGN523 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial for acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02040506). Furthermore, preclinical data support the therapeutic potential of IGN523 in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph M Cantor
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Hoang Tran
- Pre-Clinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, CA
| | | | - Dana Duey
- Pre-Clinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, CA
| | | | | | - Mark H Ginsberg
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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18
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Kaira K, Sunose Y, Arakawa K, Sunaga N, Shimizu K, Tominaga H, Oriuchi N, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Oyama T, Takeyoshi I. Clinicopathological significance of ASC amino acid transporter-2 expression in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Histopathology 2014; 66:234-43. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Yutaka Sunose
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | | | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tominaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Noboru Oriuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology; Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
| | - Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma Japan
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19
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Toyoda M, Kaira K, Ohshima Y, Ishioka NS, Shino M, Sakakura K, Takayasu Y, Takahashi K, Tominaga H, Oriuchi N, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K. Prognostic significance of amino-acid transporter expression (LAT1, ASCT2, and xCT) in surgically resected tongue cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2506-13. [PMID: 24762957 PMCID: PMC4021522 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino-acid transporters are necessary for the tumour cell growth and survival, and have a crucial role in the development and invasiveness of cancer cells. But, it remains unclear about the prognostic significance of L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1), system ASC amino-acid transporter-2 (ASCT2), and xCT expression in patients with tongue cancer. We conducted the clinicopathological study to investigate the protein expression of these amino-acid transporters in tongue cancer. METHODS Eighty-five patients with surgically resected tongue cancer were evaluated. Tumour sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for LAT1, ASCT2, xCT, 4F2hc/CD98hc (4F2hc), Ki-67, and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34, and p53. RESULTS L-type amino-acid transporter 1 and 4F2hc were highly expressed in 61% (52 out of 85) and 45% (38 out of 47), respectively. ASC amino-acid transporter-2 and xCT were positively expressed in 59% (50 out of 85) and 21% (18 out of 85), respectively. The expression of both LAT1 and ASCT2 was significantly associated with disease staging, lymph-node metastasis, lymphatic permeation, 4F2hc expression and cell proliferation (Ki-67). xCT expression indicated a significant association with advanced stage and tumour factor. By univariate analysis, disease staging, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, LAT1, ASCT2, 4F2hc, and Ki-67 had a significant relationship with overall survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that LAT1 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS L-type amino-acid transporter 1 and ASCT2 can serve as a significant prognostic factor for predicting worse outcome after surgical treatment and may have an important role in the development and aggressiveness of tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toyoda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Kaira
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Ohshima
- Medical Radioisotope Application Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - N S Ishioka
- Medical Radioisotope Application Group, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - M Shino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Takayasu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - H Tominaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - N Oriuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Nagamori
- Division of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kanai
- Division of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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20
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Shimizu K, Kaira K, Tomizawa Y, Sunaga N, Kawashima O, Oriuchi N, Tominaga H, Nagamori S, Kanai Y, Yamada M, Oyama T, Takeyoshi I. ASC amino-acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) as a novel prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2030-9. [PMID: 24603303 PMCID: PMC3992511 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ASC amino-acid transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a major glutamine transporter that has an essential role in tumour growth and progression. Although ASCT2 is highly expressed in various cancer cells, the clinicopathological significance of its expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: One hundred and four patients with surgically resected NSCLC were evaluated as one institutional cohort. Tumour sections were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ASCT2, Ki-67, phospho-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), and CD34 to assess the microvessel density. Two hundred and four patients with NSCLC were also validated by IHC from an independent cohort. Results: ASC amino-acid transporter 2 was expressed in 66% of patients, and was closely correlated with disease stage, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, CD98, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and mTOR phosphorylation, particularly in patients with adenocarcinoma (AC). Moreover, two independent cohorts confirmed that ASCT2 was an independent marker for poor outcome in AC patients. Conclusions: ASC amino-acid transporter 2 expression has a crucial role in the metastasis of pulmonary AC, and is a potential molecular marker for predicting poor prognosis after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - K Kaira
- 1] Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan [2] Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Tomizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, NHO Nishi-Gunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - N Sunaga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - O Kawashima
- Department of Surgery, NHO Nishi-Gunma Hospital, 2854 Kanai Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - N Oriuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - H Tominaga
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Nagamori
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Kanai
- Division of Bio-system Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - T Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - I Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Yun DW, Lee SA, Park MG, Kim JS, Yu SK, Park MR, Kim SG, Oh JS, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Chun HS, Kanai Y, Endou H, Wempe MF, Kim DK. JPH203, an L-type amino acid transporter 1-selective compound, induces apoptosis of YD-38 human oral cancer cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:208-17. [PMID: 24492461 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13154fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to most normal cells that express L-type amino acid transporter 2, L-type amino acid transporter 1 is highly expressed in cancer cells and presumed to support their elevated growth and proliferation. This study examined JPH203, a potent and selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor, and its ability to suppress YD-38 human oral cancer cell growth. The YD-38 cells express L-type amino acid transporter 1 with its associating protein 4F2 heavy chain, but not L-type amino acid transporter 2. JPH203 and BCH, a non-selective L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor, completely inhibited l-leucine uptake in YD-38 cells. As expected, the intrinsic affinity of JPH203 to inhibit l-leucine uptake was far more efficient than BCH. Likewise, JPH203 and BCH inhibited YD-38 cell growth, with JPH203 being superior to BCH. JPH203 up-regulated the population of apoptotic YD-38 cells through the activation of apoptotic factors, including caspases and PARP. These results suggest that the inhibition of L-type amino acid transporter 1 activity via JPH203, which may act as a potential novel anti-oral-cancer agent, leads to apoptosis by inducing the intracellular depletion of the neutral amino acids essential for cancer cell growth in YD-38 human oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Woong Yun
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Korea
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Nøhr MK, Hansen SH, Brodin B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. The absorptive flux of the anti-epileptic drug substance vigabatrin is carrier-mediated across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 51:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Clinical significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression as a prognostic marker and potential of new targeting therapy in biliary tract cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:482. [PMID: 24131658 PMCID: PMC4016614 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been described to play essential roles in tumor cell growth and survival. However, it remains unclear about the clinicopathological significance of LAT1 expression in biliary tract cancer. This study was conducted to determine biological significance of LAT1 expression and investigate whether LAT1 could be a prognostic biomarker for biliary tract cancer. METHODS A total of 139 consecutive patients with resected pathologic stage I-IV biliary tract adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor specimens were stained by immunohistochemistry for LAT1, Ki-67, microvessel density determined by CD34, and p53; and prognosis of patients was correlated. Biological significance of LAT1 expression was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments with LAT inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) using cholangiocarcinoma cell line. RESULTS In total patients, high LAT1 expressions were recognized in 64.0%. The expression of LAT1 was closely correlated with lymphatic metastases, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and was a significant indicator for predicting poor outcome after surgery. LAT1 expression was a significant independent predictor by multivariate analysis. Both in vitro and in vivo preliminary experiments indicated that BCH significantly suppressed growth of the tumor and yielded an additive therapeutic efficacy to gemcitabine and 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS High expression of LAT1 is a promising pathological marker to predict the outcome in patients with biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Inhibition of LAT1 may be an effective targeted therapy for this distressing disease.
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Ochiai H, Morishita T, Onda K, Sugiyama H, Maruo T. Canine Lat1: molecular structure, distribution and its expression in cancer samples. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:917-22. [PMID: 22322188 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length cDNA sequence of canine L-type amino acid transporter 1 (Lat1) was determined from a canine brain. The sequence was 1828 bp long and was predicted to encode 485 amino acid polypeptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of canine Lat1 showed 93.2% and 91.1% similarities to those of humans and rats, respectively. Northern blot analysis detected Lat1 expression in the cerebellum at 4 kb, and Western blot analysis showed a single band at 40 kDa. RT-PCR analysis revealed a distinct expression of Lat1 in the pancreas and testis in addition to the cerebrum and cerebellum. Notably, Lat1 expression was observed in the tissues of thyroid cancer, melanoma and hemangiopericytoma. Although the cancer samples examined were not enough, Lat1 may serve as a useful biomarker of cancer cells in veterinary clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Ochiai
- Research Institute of Biosciences, Azabu University, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.
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