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Du Y, Guo H, Guo L, Miao J, Ren H, Liu K, Ren L, He J, Wang X, Chen J, Li J, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang N. The regulatory effect of acetylation of HMGN2 and H3K27 on pyocyanin-induced autophagy in macrophages by affecting Ulk1 transcription. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7524-7537. [PMID: 34278675 PMCID: PMC8335688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyocyanin (PYO) is a major virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and autophagy is a crucial homeostatic mechanism for the interaction between the pathogens and the host. It remains unknown whether PYO leads to autophagy in macrophages by regulating histone acetylation. The high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2) has been reported to regulate the PYO‐induced autophagy and oxidative stress in the epithelial cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, PYO was found to induce autophagy in macrophages, and the mechanism might be correlated with the up‐regulation of HMGN2 acetylation (HMGN2ac) and the down‐regulation of H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) by modulation of the activities of acetyltransferases and deacetylases. Moreover, we further demonstrated that the up‐regulated HMGN2ac enhances its recruitment to the Ulk1 promoter, while the down‐regulation of H3K27ac reduces its recruitment to the Ulk1 promoter, thereby promoting or inhibiting the transcription of Ulk1. In conclusion, HMGN2ac and H3K27ac play regulatory roles in the PYO‐induced autophagy in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical Medical Institution, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongjun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, China
| | - Laibin Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinchen He
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Wang X, Chen S, Ren H, Chen J, Li J, Wang Y, Hua Y, Wang X, Huang N. HMGN2 regulates non-tuberculous mycobacteria survival via modulation of M1 macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7985-7998. [PMID: 31596045 PMCID: PMC6850944 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as an environmental and atypical mycobacteria, can cause the chronic pulmonary infectious diseases. Macrophages have been suggested as the main host cell to initiate the innate immune responses to NTM infection. However, the molecular mechanism to regulate the antimicrobial immune responses to NTM is still largely unknown. Current study showed that the NTM clinical groups, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, significantly induced the M1 macrophage polarization with the characteristic production of nitric oxide (NO) and marker gene expression of iNOS, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL1‐β and IL‐6. Interestingly, a non‐histone nuclear protein, HMGN2 (high‐mobility group N2), was found to be spontaneously induced during NTM‐activated M1 macrophage polarization. Functional studies revealed that HMGN2 deficiency in NTM‐infected macrophage promotes the expression of M1 markers and the production of NO via the enhanced activation of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling. Further studies exhibited that HMGN2 knock‐down also enhanced IFNγ‐induced M1 macrophage polarization. Finally, we observed that silencing HMGN2 affected the survival of NTM in macrophage, which might largely relevant to enhanced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype under the NTM infection. Collectively, current studies thus suggested a novel function of HMGN2 in regulating the anti‐non‐tuberculous mycobacteria innate immunity of macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanqi Hua
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Li H, Shen XF, Zhou XE, Shi YE, Deng LX, Ma Y, Wang XY, Li JY, Huang N. Antibacterial mechanism of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:410-420. [PMID: 28471113 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial mechanism of high-mobility group nucleosomal-binding domain 2 (HMGN2) on Escherichia coli K12, focusing on the antibacterial and antibiofilm formation effects. Its chemotactic activity on human neutrophils was also investigated. METHODS Human tissue-derived HMGN2 (tHMGN2) was extracted from fresh uterus fiber cystadenoma and purified by HP1100 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Recombinant human HMGN2 (rHMGN2) was generated in E. coli DE3 carrying PET-32a-c(+)-HMGN2. Antibacterial activity of HMGN2 was determined using an agarose diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMGN2 was determined by the microdilution broth method. Bacterial membrane permeability assay and DNA binding assay were performed. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 was investigated using a crystal violet assay and electron microscopy scanning. The activating effect and chemotactic activity of HMGN2 on neutrophils were determined using a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay and Transwell chamber cell migration assay, respectively. RESULTS HMGN2 showed a relatively high potency against Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and the MIC of HMGN2 was 16.25 μg/ml. Elevated bacterial membrane permeability was observed in HMGN2-treated E. coli K12. HMGN2 could also bind the bacterial plasmid and genomic DNA in a dose-dependent manner. The antibiofilm effect of HMGN2 on E. coli K12 was confirmed by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. However, the activating effects and chemotactic effects of HMGN2 on human neutrophils were not observed. CONCLUSIONS As an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), HMGN2 possessed a good capacity for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on E. coli K12. This capacity might be associated with disruption of the bacterial membrane and combination of DNA, which might affect the growth and viability of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shen
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin-E Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan-E Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu-Xia Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Sichuan University "985 Project Science and Technology Innovation Platform for Novel Drug Development", Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Wang X, Li J, Chen S, Shen X, Yang X, Teng Y, Deng L, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang X, Huang N. Knockdown of HMGN2 increases the internalization of Klebsiella pneumoniae by respiratory epithelial cells through the regulation of α5β1 integrin expression. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:737-46. [PMID: 27460641 PMCID: PMC4990306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors, a large family of adhesion receptors, are involved in the attachment of Klebsiella pneumoniae to respiratory epithelial cells, and subsequently cause the internalization of K. pneumoniae by host cells. Although a number of molecules have been reported to regulate the expression and activity of integrin receptors in respiratory epithelial cells, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. High mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2), a non-histone nuclear protein, is present in eukaryotic cells as a ubiquitous nuclear protein. Our previous studies have demonstrated that HMGN2 affects chromatin function and modulates the expression of antibacterial peptide in A549 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide, which indicates the critical role of HMGN2 in innate immune responses. In addition, our cDNA microarray analysis suggested that HMGN2 knockdown induced the enhanced expression of α5β1 integrin in A549 cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that intercellular HMGN2 may mediate the internalization of K. pneumoniae by altering the expression of α5β1 integrin. Using the A549 cell line, we demonstrated that HMGN2 knockdown induced the increased expression of α5β1 integrin on cell membranes, which resulted in a significant increase in K. pneumoniae internalization. Further results revealed that HMGN2 silencing induced the expression of talin and the activation of α5β1 integrin, which led to actin polymerization following the phosphorylation of FAK and Src. This study suggests a possible therapeutic application for bacterial internalization by targeting HMGN2 in order to treat K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Luxia Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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5
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Zheng S, Ren L, Li H, Shen X, Yang X, Li N, Wang X, Guo X, Wang X, Huang N. High-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 2 protein inhibits the invasion of Klebsiella pneumoniae into mouse lungs in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1279-85. [PMID: 25760831 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since bacterial invasion into host cells is a critical step in the infection process and the predominance of multiple-antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae strains, using molecular agents to interfere with K. pneumoniae invasion is an attractive approach for the prevention of infection and suppress the immune inflammatory response. In previous studies by our group, high-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 2 (HMGN2) protein was shown to exhibit anti-bacterial activity in vitro. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of HMGN2 protein on the invasion of K. pneumoniae 03183 in vivo. The results showed that pre-treatment with 128 µg/ml HMGN2 significantly reduced K. pneumoniae 03183 invasion into mouse lungs and increased the mRNA expression of CXCL1 and LCN2 within 2 h. Immunohistochemical staining showed that F-actin expression was significantly decreased, and fluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis further demonstrated that HMGN2 significantly blocked K. pneumoniae 03183-induced actin polymerization. These changes implied that HMGN2 may provide protection against K. pneumoniae 03183 infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Laibin Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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