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Jayanti S, Vitek L, Verde CD, Llido JP, Sukowati C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38254662 PMCID: PMC10813662 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial physiological process of heme breakdown yields biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) as byproducts. BV, BR, and the enzymes involved in their production (the "yellow players-YP") are increasingly documented as endogenous modulators of human health. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin concentration has been correlated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory diseases, especially in the elderly. BR and BV per se have been demonstrated to protect against neurodegenerative diseases, in which heme oxygenase (HMOX), the main enzyme in the production of pigments, is almost always altered. HMOX upregulation has been interpreted as a tentative defense against the ongoing pathologic mechanisms. With the demonstration that multiple cells possess YP, their propensity to be modulated, and their broad spectrum of activity on multiple signaling pathways, the YP have assumed the role of an adjustable system that can promote health in adults. Based on that, there is an ongoing effort to induce their activity as a therapeutic option, and natural compounds are an attractive alternative to the goal, possibly requiring only minimal changes in the life style. We review the most recent evidence of the potential of natural compounds in targeting the YP in the context of the most common pathologic condition of adult and elderly life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - John Paul Llido
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
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Chagas Monteiro KL, dos Santos Alcântara MG, de Aquino TM, Ferreira da Silva-Júnior E. Insights on Natural Products Against Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1169-1188. [PMID: 38708921 PMCID: PMC10964095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231016153606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of motor neurons and consequent muscle paralysis. Despite many efforts to address it, current therapy targeting ALS remains limited, increasing the interest in complementary therapies. Over the years, several herbal preparations and medicinal plants have been studied to prevent and treat this disease, which has received remarkable attention due to their blood-brain barrier penetration properties and low toxicity. Thus, this review presents the therapeutic potential of a variety of medicinal herbs and their relationship with ALS and their physiopathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcone Gomes dos Santos Alcântara
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Fasolino I, Carvalho ED, Raucci MG, Bonadies I, Soriente A, Pezzella A, Pêgo AP, Ambrosio L. Eumelanin decorated poly(lactic acid) electrospun substrates as a new strategy for spinal cord injury treatment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213312. [PMID: 36736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by neuroinflammatory processes that are marked by an uncontrolled activation of microglia, which directly damages neurons. Natural and synthetic melanins represent an effective tool to treat neuroinflammation because they possess immunomodulatory properties. Here, the main objective was to evaluate the effect of eumelanin-coated poly(lactic acid) (EU@PLA) aligned microfibers on in vitro model of neuroinflammation related to spinal cord injury in terms of inflammatory mediators' modulation. Aligned fibers were chosen to provide physical cues to guide axonal growth in a specific direction thus restoring the synaptic connection. Eumelanin decorated PLA electrospun substrates were produced combining electrospinning, spin coating and solid-state polymerization processes (oxidative coupling under oxygen atmosphere). Biological response in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed on an in vitro model of neuroinflammation [microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Cell morphology and EU@PLA mechanism of action, in terms of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) involvement were assessed. The results show that EU@PLA fibers were able to decrease reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) expression >50 % compared to PLA + LPS and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion about 20 %. Finally, the mechanism of action of EU@PLA in microglia was found to be dependent on the TLR-4 signaling. Protein expression analysis revealed a decreased in TLR-4 production induced by LPS stimulation in presence of EU@PLA. Overall, our results show that EU@PLA represents an innovative and effective strategy for the control of inflammatory response in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Fasolino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Eva Daniela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy; Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
| | - Irene Bonadies
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriente
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy; University of Naples "Federico II" Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini" Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Italy; Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, Italy
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de Oliveira LMG, Carreira RB, de Oliveira JVR, do Nascimento RP, Dos Santos Souza C, Trias E, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. Impact of Plant-Derived Compounds on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:288-309. [PMID: 36800114 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal illness characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Conventional therapies for ALS are based on treatment of symptoms, and the disease remains incurable. Molecular mechanisms are unclear, but studies have been pointing to involvement of glia, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity as a key factor. Nowadays, we have few treatments for this disease that only delays death, but also does not stop the neurodegenerative process. These treatments are based on glutamate blockage (riluzole), tyrosine kinase inhibition (masitinib), and antioxidant activity (edaravone). In the past few years, plant-derived compounds have been studied for neurodegenerative disorder therapies based on neuroprotection and glial cell response. In this review, we describe mechanisms of action of natural compounds associated with neuroprotective effects, and the possibilities for new therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Matheus Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barreto Carreira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valeria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil.
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Katiyar D, Singhal S, Bansal P, Nagarajan K, Grover P. Nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics for holistic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 36714551 PMCID: PMC9880136 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" (ALS) is a progressive neuronal disorder that affects sensory neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. Moreover, additional neuronal subgroups as well as glial cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are also thought to play a role in the aetiology. The disease affects upper motor neurons and lowers motor neurons and leads to that either lead to muscle weakness and wasting in the arms, legs, trunk and periventricular area. Oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death, altered neurofilament activity, anomalies in neurotransmission, abnormal protein processing and deterioration, increased inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction may all play a role in the progression of ALS. There are presently hardly FDA-approved drugs used to treat ALS, and they are only beneficial in slowing the progression of the disease and enhancing functions in certain individuals with ALS, not really in curing or preventing the illness. These days, researchers focus on understanding the pathogenesis of the disease by targeting several mechanisms aiming to develop successful treatments for ALS. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical features, pathophysiology, and disease management. The compilation focuses on alternative methods for the management of symptoms of ALS with nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Katiyar
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Shipra Singhal
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Priya Bansal
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - K. Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
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Role of Nrf2 in aging, Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101756. [PMID: 36243357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor-Erythroid Factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of large number of genes in healthy and disease states. Nrf2 is made up of 605 amino acids and contains 7 conserved regions known as Nrf2-ECH homology domains. Nrf2 regulates the expression of several key components of oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, autophagy and mitochondrial function in all organs of the human body, in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Mounting evidence also suggests that altered expression of Nrf2 is largely involved in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Multiple sclerosis and others. The purpose of this article is to detail the essential role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress, antioxidative defense, detoxification, inflammatory responses, transcription factors, proteasomal and autophagic/mitophagic degradation, and metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This article also highlights the Nrf2 structural and functional activities in healthy and disease states, and also discusses the current status of Nrf2 research and therapeutic strategies to treat aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hemati U, Moshajari M, Jalali Mashayekhi F, Bayat M, Moslemi A, Baazm M. The effect of curcumin on NRF2/Keap1 signalling pathway in the epididymis of mouse experimental cryptorchidism. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14532. [PMID: 35882440 DOI: 10.1111/and.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, which prevents cellular damage against reactive oxygen species production, is disrupted in epididymis following cryptorchidism. In this study, we aimed to use curcumin (Cur) as an activator of Nrf2 to decrease the effects of disruption in this pathway caused by cryptorchidism. In this study, animals were randomly divided into following groups: control, sham-surgery, sham-vehicle, sham-Cur50, sham-Cur100 , cryptorchidism, cryptorchidism-vehicle, cryptorchidism-Cur50 and cryptorchidism-Cur100 . For cryptorchidism induction, the left testicle was removed from the scrotum and sutured to the abdominal wall. Two weeks after surgery, Cur was given orally to animals. After 1 month, sperm parameters and testis histopathology were analysed. The expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO1, and Keap1 genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our data showed that Cur, especially at high doses, could improve sperm parameters and testis histopathology, which were damaged following cryptorchidism induction. The expression of HO1, NQO1, and Nrf2 genes, which had decreased in the cryptorchidism group, showed a significant increase after administration of Cur in a dose-dependent manner. Cur, by inducing the expression of genes involved in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, could reduce the adverse effects of cryptorchidism and might be used as adjuvant therapy for decreasing cryptorchidism complications before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uosef Hemati
- Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Minoo Moshajari
- Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azam Moslemi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Joshi P, Bisht A, Joshi S, Semwal D, Nema NK, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. Ameliorating potential of curcumin and its analogue in central nervous system disorders and related conditions: A review of molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3143-3180. [PMID: 35790042 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is one of the broadly studied phytomolecule owing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate in a wide range of disorders. Considering, its low bioavailability, different curcumin analogs have been developed to afford desired pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic outcome in varied pathological states. Several preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that curcumin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress apoptosis-mediated neural cell degeneration and could effectively be utilized in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, in this review, we have summarized key findings of experimental and clinical studies conducted on curcumin and its analogues with special emphasis on molecular pathways, viz. NF-kB, Nrf2-ARE, glial activation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, SOCS/JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2 /MyD88 /p38 MAPK, JNK, iNOS/NO, and MMP pathways involved in imparting ameliorative effects in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.,R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Akansha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sushil Joshi
- R & D, Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Semwal
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Nema
- Paramount Kumkum Private Limited, Prestige Meridian-1, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Tang X, Xiong K, Wassie T, Wu X. Curcumin and Intestinal Oxidative Stress of Pigs With Intrauterine Growth Retardation: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847673. [PMID: 35571913 PMCID: PMC9101057 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to the slow growth and development of a mammalian embryo/fetus or fetal organs during pregnancy, which is popular in swine production and causes considerable economic losses. Nutritional strategies have been reported to improve the health status and growth performance of IUGR piglets, among which dietary curcumin supplementation is an efficient alternative. Curcumin is a natural lipophilic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa with many biological activities. It has been demonstrated that curcumin promotes intestinal development and alleviates intestinal oxidative damage. However, due to its low bioavailability caused by poor solubility, chemical instability, and rapid degradation, the application of curcumin in animal production is rare. In this manuscript, the structural-activity relationship to enhance the bioavailability, and the nutritional effects of curcumin on intestinal health from the aspect of protecting piglets from IUGR associated intestinal oxidative damage were summarized to provide new insight into the application of curcumin in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kangning Xiong,
| | - Teketay Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Xin Wu,
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Fakhri S, Abbaszadeh F, Moradi SZ, Cao H, Khan H, Xiao J. Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Interconnected Pathways during Spinal Cord Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8100195. [PMID: 35035667 PMCID: PMC8759836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in targeting the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a lack of effective treatments. Moreover, conventional therapies suffer from associated side effects and low efficacy, raising the need for finding potential alternative therapies. In this regard, a comprehensive review was done regarding revealing the main neurological dysregulated pathways and providing alternative therapeutic agents following SCI. From the mechanistic point, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are major upstream orchestras of cross-linked dysregulated pathways (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and extrinsic mechanisms) following SCI. It urges the need for developing multitarget therapies against SCI complications. Polyphenols, as plant-derived secondary metabolites, have the potential of being introduced as alternative therapeutic agents to pave the way for treating SCI. Such secondary metabolites presented modulatory effects on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory, and extrinsic axonal dysregulated pathways in the onset and progression of SCI. In the present review, the potential role of phenolic compounds as critical phytochemicals has also been revealed in regulating upstream dysregulated oxidative stress/inflammatory signaling mediators and extrinsic mechanisms of axonal regeneration after SCI in preclinical and clinical studies. Additionally, the coadministration of polyphenols and stem cells has shown a promising strategy for improving post-SCI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Goyal S, Seth B, Chaturvedi RK. Polyphenols and Stem Cells for Neuroregeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:806-828. [PMID: 34781865 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211115154450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurological disorders, pathologically characterized by chronic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons respectively. There is still no cure or effective treatment against the disease progression and most of the treatments are symptomatic. The present review offers an overview of the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Subsequently, we focused on the recent advanced studies of dietary polyphenols and stem cell therapies, which have made it possible to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. To date, stem cells and different polyphenols have been used for the directional induction of neural stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons. We have also discussed their involvement in the modulation of different signal transduction pathways and growth factor levels in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Likewise stem cells, polyphenols also exhibit the potential of neuroprotection by their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant properties regulating the growth factors levels and molecular signaling events. Overall this review provides a detailed insight into recent strategies that promise the use of polyphenol with stem cell therapy for the possible treatment of PD and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001. India
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12
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Sugimoto K, Liu J, Li M, Song Y, Zhang C, Zhai Z, Gao Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection in a Transgenic SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701886. [PMID: 34737697 PMCID: PMC8560685 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, in the pathogenesis of which oxidative stress (OS) was believed to play a key role. Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) concocted from two kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs, Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali, was proven to be eligible to reduce the OS injury and increase the activity of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, an antioxidant enzymes inducer. Objective: We aim to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms underlying the action of SFI on a well-established transgenic mouse model of ALS. Methods: Transgenic SOD1-G93A mice were intraperitoneally injected with SFI (40 ml/kg) three times a week from 87 days of age. Motor function, survival, pathological manifestations in the brain, and Nrf2 pathway-related assessments of the mice were performed. Results: SFI treatment efficiently postponed the disease onset (p = 0.022) and extended the overall survival (p = 0.038) of the SOD1-G93A mice. Moreover, SFI significantly reduced motor neuron loss (p < 0.001) and astrocytic activation (p < 0.05) in the motor cortex of the brain of SOD1-G93A mice at 130 days of age. The protective effects of SFI in the SOD1-G93A mice were associated with decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) and increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05), Nrf2 (p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 (p < 0.05), and glutathione S-transferase (p < 0.05) in the SOD1-G93A mice. Conclusion: The SFI treatment efficiently extended the overall survival and improved the pathological manifestations of the brain via alleviating the OS injury and activating the Nrf2 pathway in the animal model of ALS, which made SFI a potentially promising candidate for ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - MingXuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - YueBo Song
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - ZhiGuang Zhai
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Mechanistic Insight into the Effects of Curcumin on Neuroinflammation-Driven Chronic Pain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080777. [PMID: 34451874 PMCID: PMC8397941 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a persistent and unremitting condition that has immense effects on patients' quality of life. Studies have shown that neuroinflammation is associated with the induction and progression of chronic pain. The activation of microglia and astrocytes is the major hallmark of spinal neuroinflammation leading to neuronal excitability in the projection neurons. Excessive activation of microglia and astrocytes is one of the major contributing factors to the exacerbation of pain. However, the current chronic pain treatments, mainly by targeting the neuronal cells, remain ineffective and unable to meet the patients' needs. Curcumin, a natural plant product found in the Curcuma genus, improves chronic pain by diminishing the release of inflammatory mediators from the spinal glia. This review details the role of curcumin in microglia and astrocytes both in vitro and in vivo and how it improves pain. We also describe the mechanism of curcumin by highlighting the major glia-mediated cascades in pain. Moreover, the role of curcumin on inflammasome and epigenetic regulation is discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies used to improve the efficacy of curcumin. This review illustrates that curcumin modulating microglia and astrocytes could assure the treatment of chronic pain by suppressing spinal neuroinflammation.
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14
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da Cunha Menezes Souza L, Chen M, Ikeno Y, Salvadori DMF, Bai Y. The implications of mitochondria in doxorubicin treatment of cancer in the context of traditional and modern medicine. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antibiotic anthracycline extensively used in the treatment of different malignancies, such as breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias. The cardiotoxicity induced by DOX is one of the most important pathophysiological events that limit its clinical application. Accumulating evidence highlights mitochondria as a central role in this process. Modulation of mitochondrial functions as therapeutic strategy for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has thus attracted much attention. In particular, emerging studies investigated the potential of natural mitochondria-targeting compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as adjunct or alternative treatment for DOX-induced toxicity. This review summarizes studies about the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, evidencing the importance of mitochondria and presenting TCM treatment alternatives for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yidong Bai
- Barshop Institute of Longevity and Aging Research, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
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15
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Park JY, Sohn HY, Koh YH, Jo C. Curcumin activates Nrf2 through PKCδ-mediated p62 phosphorylation at Ser351. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8430. [PMID: 33875681 PMCID: PMC8055680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa rhizomes, is known to be protective in neurons via activation of Nrf2, a master regulator of endogenous defense against oxidative stress in cells. However, the exact mechanism by which curcumin activates Nrf2 remains controversial. Here, we observed that curcumin induced the expression of genes downstream of Nrf2 such as HO-1, NQO1, and GST-mu1 in neuronal cells, and increased the level of Nrf2 protein. Notably, the level of p62 phosphorylation at S351 (S349 in human) was significantly increased in cells treated with curcumin. Additionally, curcumin-induced Nrf2 activation was abrogated in p62 knockout (−/−) MEFs, indicating that p62 phosphorylation at S351 played a crucial role in curcumin-induced Nrf2 activation. Among the kinases involved in p62 phosphorylation at S351, PKCδ was activated in curcumin-treated cells. The phosphorylation of p62 at S351 was enhanced by transfection of PKCδ expression plasmid; in contrast, it was inhibited in cells treated with PKCδ-specific siRNA. Together, these results suggest that PKCδ is mainly involved in curcumin-induced p62 phosphorylation and Nrf2 activation. Accordingly, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin activates Nrf2 through PKCδ-mediated p62 phosphorylation at S351.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yun Park
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Sohn
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Koh
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea
| | - Chulman Jo
- Division of Brain Disease Research, Department for Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, South Korea.
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16
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A State of the Art of Antioxidant Properties of Curcuminoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063168. [PMID: 33804658 PMCID: PMC8003642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a set of pathologies characterized by an irreversible and progressive, and a loss of neuronal cells in specific areas of the brain. Oxidative phosphorylation is a source of energy production by which many cells, such as the neuronal cells, meet their energy needs. Dysregulations of oxidative phosphorylation induce oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To date, for most neurodegenerative diseases, there are no resolute treatments, but only interventions capable of alleviating the symptoms or slowing the course of the disease. Therefore, effective neuroprotection strategies are needed. In recent years, natural products, such as curcuminoids, have been intensively explored and studied for their therapeutic potentials in several neurodegenerative diseases. Curcuminoids are, nutraceutical compouns, that owen several therapeutic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. In this context, the aim of this review was to provide an overview of preclinical and clinical evidence aimed to illustrate the antioxidant effects of curcuminoids in neurodegenerative diseases. Promising results from preclinical studies encourage the use of curcuminoids for neurodegeneration prevention and treatment.
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17
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Binvignat O, Olloquequi J. Excitotoxicity as a Target Against Neurodegenerative Processes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1251-1262. [PMID: 31931694 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200113162641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of neurodegenerative diseases is alarmingly increasing in parallel to the aging of population. Although the molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration are not completely understood, excitotoxicity, defined as the injury and death of neurons due to excessive or prolonged exposure to excitatory amino acids, has been shown to play a pivotal role. The increased release and/or decreased uptake of glutamate results in dysregulation of neuronal calcium homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disturbances in protein turn-over and neuroinflammation. Despite the anti-excitotoxic drug memantine has shown modest beneficial effects in some patients with dementia, to date, there is no effective treatment capable of halting or curing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This has led to a growing body of research focusing on understanding the mechanisms associated with the excitotoxic insult and on uncovering potential therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms. In the present review, we examine the molecular mechanisms related to excitotoxic cell death. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive and updated state of the art of preclinical and clinical investigations targeting excitotoxic- related mechanisms in order to provide an effective treatment against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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18
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Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathophysiology and Opportunities for Pharmacological Intervention. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5021694. [PMID: 33274002 PMCID: PMC7683149 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5021694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Charcot disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons (MNs) and leads to death within 2–5 years of diagnosis, without any effective therapy available. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to ALS are still unknown, a wealth of evidence indicates that an excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with an inefficient antioxidant defense represents an important pathological feature in ALS. Substantial evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in the loss of MNs and in mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing decisively to neurodegeneration in ALS. Although the modulation of OS represents a promising approach to protect MNs from degeneration, the fact that several antioxidants with beneficial effects in animal models failed to show any therapeutic benefit in patients raises several questions that should be analyzed. Using specific queries for literature search on PubMed, we review here the role of OS-related mechanisms in ALS, including the involvement of altered mitochondrial function with repercussions in neurodegeneration. We also describe antioxidant compounds that have been mostly tested in preclinical and clinical trials of ALS, also describing their respective mechanisms of action. While the description of OS mechanism in the different mutations identified in ALS has as principal objective to clarify the contribution of OS in ALS, the description of positive and negative outcomes for each antioxidant is aimed at paving the way for novel opportunities for intervention. In conclusion, although antioxidant strategies represent a very promising approach to slow the progression of the disease, it is of utmost need to invest on the characterization of OS profiles representative of each subtype of patient, in order to develop personalized therapies, allowing to understand the characteristics of antioxidants that have beneficial effects on different subtypes of patients.
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19
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Ramli NZ, Yahaya MF, Tooyama I, Damanhuri HA. A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1019. [PMID: 33092139 PMCID: PMC7588884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zuliani Ramli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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20
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De Nuccio C, Bernardo A, Troiano C, Brignone MS, Falchi M, Greco A, Rosini M, Basagni F, Lanni C, Serafini MM, Minghetti L, Visentin S. NRF2 and PPAR-γ Pathways in Oligodendrocyte Progenitors: Focus on ROS Protection, Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Promotion of Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7216. [PMID: 33003644 PMCID: PMC7583077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate protection from oxidative and inflammatory reactions, together with the promotion of oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) differentiation, is needed to recover from myelin damage in demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are targets of inflammatory and oxidative insults and are essential in oligodendrocyte differentiation. It is known that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor/antioxidant responsive element (NRF2/ARE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/PPAR-γ response element (PPAR-γ/PPRE) pathways control inflammation and overcome mitochondrial impairment. In this study, we analyzed the effects of activators of these pathways on mitochondrial features, protection from inflammatory/mitochondrial insults and cell differentiation in OP cultures, to depict the specificities and similarities of their actions. We used dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) and pioglitazone (pio) as agents activating NRF2 and PPAR-γ, respectively, and two synthetic hybrids acting differently on the NRF2/ARE pathway. Only DMF and compound 1 caused early effects on the mitochondria. Both DMF and pio induced mitochondrial biogenesis but different antioxidant repertoires. Moreover, pio induced OP differentiation more efficiently than DMF. Finally, DMF, pio and compound 1 protected from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) insult, with pio showing faster kinetics of action and compound 1 a higher activity than DMF. In conclusion, NRF2 and PPAR-γ by inducing partially overlapping pathways accomplish complementary functions aimed at the preservation of mitochondrial function, the defense against oxidative stress and the promotion of OP differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Carmen Troiano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- National Research Center on HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anita Greco
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.L.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
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21
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Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang J. Curcumin in antidepressant treatments: An overview of potential mechanisms, pre‐clinical/clinical trials and ongoing challenges. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:243-253. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical Center Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Li Li
- International Medical Center Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy School of Life Sciences Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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22
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Eghbaliferiz S, Farhadi F, Barreto GE, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Effects of curcumin on neurological diseases: focus on astrocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:769-782. [PMID: 32458309 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, and are important players in both brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. Curcumin (1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), the major active component of turmeric, belongs to the curcuminoid family that was originally isolated from the plant Curcuma longa. Several studies suggest that curcumin may have a beneficial impact on the brain pathology and aging. These effects are due to curcumin's antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity. In light of this, our current review aims to discuss the role of astrocytes as essential players in neurodegenerative diseases and suggest that curcumin is capable of direct inhibition of astrocyte activity with a particular focus on its effects in Alexander disease, Alzheimer's disease, ischemia stroke, spinal cord injury, Multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Eghbaliferiz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Faegheh Farhadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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23
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Mandal M, Jaiswal P, Mishra A. Role of curcumin and its nanoformulations in neurotherapeutics: A comprehensive review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22478. [PMID: 32124518 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol and major constituent of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), is extensively used as a spice in Asian countries. For ages, turmeric has been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases, which was possible because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, antiepileptic, antidepressant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative effects. Curcumin has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurotrophic activities, which support its plausible neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. However, there is limited information available regarding the clinical efficacy of curcumin in neurodegenerative cases. The low oral bioavailability of curcumin may be speculated as a plausible factor that limits its effects in humans. Therefore, utilization of several approaches for the enhancement of bioavailability may improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the use of nanotechnology and a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The present review is designed to summarize the molecular mechanisms pertaining to the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and its nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Pawan Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, U.P., India
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24
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Carrera-Juliá S, Moreno ML, Barrios C, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Drehmer E. Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32116773 PMCID: PMC7016185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Doctoral Degree’s School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
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Chen M, Vial ML, Gee L, Davis RA, St John JA, Ekberg JAK. The plant natural product 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone stimulates therapeutic neural repair properties of olfactory ensheathing cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:951. [PMID: 31969642 PMCID: PMC6976649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are crucial for promoting the regeneration of the primary olfactory nervous system that occurs throughout life. Transplantation of OECs has emerged as a promising therapy for nervous system injuries, in particular for spinal cord injury repair. Functional outcomes in both animals and humans are, however, highly variable, primarily because it is difficult to rapidly obtain enough OECs for transplantation. Compounds which can stimulate OEC proliferation without changing the phenotype of the cells are therefore highly sought after. Additionally, compounds which can stimulate favourable cell behaviours such as migration and phagocytic activity are desirable. We conducted a medium-throughput screen testing the Davis open access natural product-based library (472 compounds) and subsequently identified the known plant natural product 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone as a stimulant of OEC viability. We showed that 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone: (i) strongly stimulates proliferation over several weeks in culture whilst maintaining the OEC phenotype; (ii) stimulates the phagocytic activity of OECs, and (iii) modulates the cell cycle. We also identified the transcription factor Nrf2 as the compound’s potential molecular target. From these extensive investigations we conclude that 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone may enhance the therapeutic potential of OECs by stimulating proliferation prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - M L Vial
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - L Gee
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - R A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - J A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - J A K Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, QLD, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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Bagheri H, Ghasemi F, Barreto GE, Rafiee R, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Effects of curcumin on mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases. Biofactors 2020; 46:5-20. [PMID: 31580521 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) result from progressive deterioration of selectively susceptible neuron populations in different central nervous system (CNS) regions. NDs are classified in accordance with the primary clinical manifestations (e.g., parkinsonism, dementia, or motor neuron disease), the anatomic basis of neurodegeneration (e.g., frontotemporal degenerations, extrapyramidal disorders, or spinocerebellar degenerations), and fundamental molecular abnormalities (e.g., mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and its related molecular alterations). NDs include the Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, among others. There is a growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and its related mutations in the form of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neurotoxic compounds play major roles in the pathogenesis of various NDs. Curcumin, a polyphenol and nontoxic compound, obtained from turmeric, has been shown to have a therapeutic beneficial effect in various disorders especially on the CNS cells. It has been shown that curcumin has considerable neuro- and mitochondria-protective properties against broad-spectrum neurotoxic compounds and diseases/injury-associating NDs. In this article, we have reviewed the various effects of curcumin on mitochondrial dysfunction in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rouhullah Rafiee
- Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Study on the Mechanism of Curcumin Regulating Lung Injury Induced by Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5). Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8613523. [PMID: 31530996 PMCID: PMC6721509 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8613523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, leading to a variety of health problems. In particular, PM2.5 contains a lot of substances harmful to the human body and penetrates into the lungs to induce lung injury. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also affects the severity of lung injury. However, there is still no good way to reduce or eliminate these hazards. In the future, more experimental research is needed to further confirm the mechanisms of these hazards and formulate effective preventive measures and treatment plans for their hazard mechanisms. Curcumin has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and protect organs. Objective To investigate whether curcumin can play a protective role against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by inducing expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK pathway. Methods In this experiment, PM2.5 was dropped into the trachea to establish a lung injury model in mice. 28 SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, saline control group, PM2.5 treatment group, and curcumin intervention group. Albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung tissue damage. Colorimetric detection of oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT in the lung tissue was performed. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue were determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination was used for the assessment of alveolar epithelial damage. The protein expression of the HO-1/P38 MAPK pathway in the lung tissue was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous CO was detected by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK protein in the lung tissue was significantly increased in the curcumin intervention group compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, the curcumin intervention group can reduce the amount of ALB, LDH, and ALP in BALF; reduce the levels of MDA, IL-1, and TNF-α in the lung tissue; and improve GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT levels, but there is no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion We found that PM2.5 can cause lung damage through oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK. The intervention of curcumin can further increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK.
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Abrahams S, Haylett WL, Johnson G, Carr JA, Bardien S. Antioxidant effects of curcumin in models of neurodegeneration, aging, oxidative and nitrosative stress: A review. Neuroscience 2019; 406:1-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Curcumin mitigates axonal injury and neuronal cell apoptosis through the PERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway following diffuse axonal injury. Neuroreport 2019; 29:661-677. [PMID: 29570500 PMCID: PMC5959262 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) accounts for more than 50% of all traumatic brain injury. In response to the mechanical damage associated with DAI, the abnormal proteins produced in the neurons and axons, namely, β-APP and p-tau, induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Curcumin, a major component extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has shown potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infection, and antitumor activity in previous studies. Moreover, curcumin is an activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promotes its nuclear translocation. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of curcumin for the treatment of DAI and investigated the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of curcumin against neural cell death and axonal injury after DAI. Rats subjected to a model of DAI by head rotational acceleration were treated with vehicle or curcumin to evaluate the effect of curcumin on neuronal and axonal injury. We observed that curcumin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal) administered 1 h after DAI induction alleviated the aggregation of p-tau and β-APP in neurons, reduced ER-stress-related cell apoptosis, and ameliorated neurological deficits. Further investigation showed that the protective effect of curcumin in DAI was mediated by the PERK/Nrf2 pathway. Curcumin promoted PERK phosphorylation, and then Nrf2 dissociated from Keap1 and was translocated to the nucleus, which activated ATF4, an important bZIP transcription factor that maintains intracellular homeostasis, but inhibited the CHOP, a hallmark of ER stress and ER-associated programmed cell death. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that curcumin confers protection against abnormal proteins and neuronal apoptosis after DAI, that the process is mediated by strengthening of the unfolded protein response to overcome ER stress, and that the protective effect of curcumin against DAI is dependent on the activation of Nrf2.
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Daverey A, Agrawal SK. Pre and post treatment with curcumin and resveratrol protects astrocytes after oxidative stress. Brain Res 2018; 1692:45-55. [PMID: 29729252 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The two most studied polyphenolic compounds, curcumin (Cur) and resveratrol (Res), have been reported to protect oxidative damage of astrocytes. The present study is designed to examine the comparative anti-oxidative effect of Cur and Res on astrocytes by studying their potential to protect H2O2 induced oxidative stress at 4 h and 24 h time exposure. The effect of Cur and Res on cell viability, ROS production, inflammation and astrogliosis was compared. The effect of these two on Nrf2 expression and its translocation to nuclear compartment was investigated. The results showed that both Cur and Res significantly increase astrocytes survival after oxidative stress at both time points, however, Res demonstrated better effect on cell viability than the Cur. Res, showing significant inhibition of ROS production at both time points. Cur displayed significant inhibition of ROS production at 4 h, suggesting that Cur is more active on ROS inhibition in the earlier phase of insult. Comparing the expression of NF-κB, Cur showed better anti-inflammatory action on NF-κB while Res did not have any effect of NF-κB expression at 4 h. Interestingly, Cur showed an upregulation of nuclear Nrf2 expression at 24 h whereas Res displayed no effect after 24 h incubation. Both Cur and Res inhibited the H2O2 induced translocation of Nrf2 into nucleus. In conclusion, based on our observation, we found that Cur and Res both protected astrocytes from oxidative stress. In addition, we observed that Cur is most effective in early hours of insult while Res is effective in late hours suggesting that Res may or may not have immediate effect on astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Daverey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Ruzicka J, Urdzikova LM, Kloudova A, Amin AG, Vallova J, Kubinova S, Schmidt MH, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. Anti-inflammatory compound curcumin and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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McBean GJ, López MG, Wallner FK. Redox-based therapeutics in neurodegenerative disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1750-1770. [PMID: 27477685 PMCID: PMC5446580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in the search for effective therapeutic agents that target redox homeostasis in neurodegenerative disease. The disruption to thiol redox homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis is discussed, together with the experimental strategies that are aimed at preventing, or at least minimizing, oxidative damage in these diseases. Particular attention is given to the potential of increasing antioxidant capacity by targeting the Nrf2 pathway, the development of inhibitors of NADPH oxidases that are likely candidates for clinical use, together with strategies to reduce nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We describe the shortcomings of compounds that hinder their progression to the clinic and evaluate likely avenues for future research. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - M G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - F K Wallner
- Redoxis ABSweden and University of SkövdeSkövdeSweden
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Murakami S, Miyazaki I, Asanuma M. Neuroprotective effect of fermented papaya preparation by activation of Nrf2 pathway in astrocytes. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:176-184. [PMID: 27841081 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1253171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in astrocyte plays important roles in brain homeostasis. Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory properties. The present study investigated the effects of FPP on activation of Nrf2 and release of Nrf2-regulated neuroprotective antioxidants and detoxifying molecules. METHODS Primary cultured astrocytes from rat embryos were treated with FPP for 6 or 24 hours. The expression levels of nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic Nrf2-regulated molecules were determined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Glutathione levels were measured in cells and medium. Dopaminergic neurons were exposed 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) with/without pre-treatment with FPP astrocytes. Mice were treated orally with FPP for 2 weeks. RESULTS FPP increased nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in striatal astrocytes, induced up-regulation of NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1, glutathione-S transferase and hemeoxygenase-1, and increased glutathione level and the percentage of metallothionein-expressing astrocytes. Moreover, FPP suppressed 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in not only neuron-astrocyte mixed culture, but also neuron-rich cultures pre-treated with glial conditioned medium. Two-week oral treatment of mice with FPP resulted in Nrf2 activation and increase in glutathione level in striatum. DISCUSSION The results indicated that FPP enhances the anti-oxidative capacity through activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes, suggesting it may provide neuroprotection in oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinki Murakami
- a Department of Medical Neurobiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan.,b SAIDO Corporation , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- a Department of Medical Neurobiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- a Department of Medical Neurobiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
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Curcumin in depressive disorders: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:192-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bonne C. Potential efficiency of antioxidants to prevent pressure ulcers. A neglected hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2016; 91:28-31. [PMID: 27142137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pressure ulcers are necrotic lesions mainly due to capillary hypoperfusion. It is well known that hypoxia and also subsequent oxygenation at reperfusion provoke the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cell death. The hypothesis of their participation in the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers has already been tested; several antioxidants have the capacity to inhibit skin necrosis in animal models but their efficiency in preventing bedsores has never been demonstrated in patients. The failure of clinical trials to show the protective activity of some antioxidants does not rule out the involvement of ROS in ischemic ulcers and the potential efficacy of other antioxidants in preventing their formation remains possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bonne
- CB-Consultant, 2, rue sur les murs, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Ramirez-Tortosa M. Curcumin and Health. Molecules 2016; 21:264. [PMID: 26927041 PMCID: PMC6273481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there are some molecules that have shown over the years a high capacity to act against relevant pathologies such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders or cancer. This article provides a brief review about the origin, bioavailability and new research on curcumin and synthetized derivatives. It examines the beneficial effects on health, delving into aspects such as cancer, cardiovascular effects, metabolic syndrome, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory properties, and neurological, liver and respiratory disorders. Thanks to all these activities, curcumin is positioned as an interesting nutraceutical. This is the reason why it has been subjected to several modifications in its structure and administration form that have permitted an increase in bioavailability and effectiveness against different diseases, decreasing the mortality and morbidity associated to these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pulido-Moran
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix Verdú, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Campus Tecnológico y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain.
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix Verdú, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Campus Tecnológico y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Mcarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix Verdú, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Campus Tecnológico y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain.
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Natural Compounds Modulating Mitochondrial Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:527209. [PMID: 26167193 PMCID: PMC4489008 DOI: 10.1155/2015/527209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for several crucial cell functions, including respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, and regulation of apoptosis; they are also the main intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the last years, a particular interest has been devoted to studying the effects on mitochondria of natural compounds of vegetal origin, quercetin (Qu), resveratrol (RSV), and curcumin (Cur) being the most studied molecules. All these natural compounds modulate mitochondrial functions by inhibiting organelle enzymes or metabolic pathways (such as oxidative phosphorylation), by altering the production of mitochondrial ROS and by modulating the activity of transcription factors which regulate the expression of mitochondrial proteins. While Qu displays both pro- and antioxidant activities, RSV and Cur are strong antioxidant, as they efficiently scavenge mitochondrial ROS and upregulate antioxidant transcriptional programmes in cells. All the three compounds display a proapoptotic activity, mediated by the capability to directly cause the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria or indirectly by upregulating the expression of proapoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 family and downregulating antiapoptotic proteins. Interestingly, these effects are particularly evident on proliferating cancer cells and can have important therapeutic implications.
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Seo HJ, Wang SM, Han C, Lee SJ, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Pae CU. Curcumin as a putative antidepressant. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:269-80. [PMID: 25644944 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1008457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to inadequate efficacy of antidepressants, various new chemical entities and agents of natural origin have been tested for therapeutic efficacy both alone and to augment existing antidepressants, producing varied clinical results. This article summarizes the basic properties of curcumin and its mechanisms of action, with specific emphasis on the etiopathogenesis of depression, preclinical and current clinical evidence, and future research directions, to better understand the possible role of curcumin in treating depression. Curcumin may have antidepressant activities with diverse mechanisms of action involving primarily neurotransmitters, transcription pathways, neurogenesis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory and immune pathways, as demonstrated in various animal and human studies. Current published randomized clinical trials suggest a small, non-significant benefit of curcumin for major depression. More adequately-powered and methodologically improved studies are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Grubman A, White AR, Liddell JR. Mitochondrial metals as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2159-73. [PMID: 24206195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals are critical for enzyme function and protein folding, but in excess can mediate neurotoxic oxidative processes. As mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage due to radicals generated during ATP production, mitochondrial biometal homeostasis must therefore be tightly controlled to safely harness the redox potential of metal enzyme cofactors. Dysregulation of metal functions is evident in numerous neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedrich's ataxia. This review describes the mitochondrial metal defects in these disorders and highlights novel metal-based therapeutic approaches that target mitochondrial metal homeostasis in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grubman
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Trujillo J, Granados-Castro LF, Zazueta C, Andérica-Romero AC, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Mitochondria as a Target in the Therapeutic Properties of Curcumin. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:873-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Trujillo
- Facultad de Química; Department of Biology; UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. Mexico
| | | | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; México D.F. Mexico
| | | | - Yolanda Irasema Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina; Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala; UNAM; Estado de México Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Facultad de Química; Department of Biology; UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F. Mexico
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Grabacka MM, Gawin M, Pierzchalska M. Phytochemical modulators of mitochondria: the search for chemopreventive agents and supportive therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:913-42. [PMID: 25192192 PMCID: PMC4190497 DOI: 10.3390/ph7090913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucially important for maintaining not only the energy homeostasis, but the proper cellular functions in a general sense. Impairment of mitochondrial functions is observed in a broad variety of pathological states such as neoplastic transformations and cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation. Currently, in parallel to the classical drug design approaches, there is an increasing interest in the screening for natural bioactive substances, mainly phytochemicals, in order to develop new therapeutic solutions for the mentioned pathologies. Dietary phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin and sulforaphane are very well tolerated and can effectively complement classical pharmacological therapeutic regimens. In this paper we disscuss the effect of the chosen phytochemicals (e.g., resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane) on various aspects of mitochondrial biology, namely mitochondrial biogenesis, membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production, signaling to and from the nucleus and unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja M Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Gawin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
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Curcumin abolishes mutant TDP-43 induced excitability in a motoneuron-like cellular model of ALS. Neuroscience 2014; 272:141-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Copper is an essential element in many biological processes. The critical functions associated with copper have resulted from evolutionary harnessing of its potent redox activity. This same property also places copper in a unique role as a key modulator of cell signal transduction pathways. These pathways are the complex sequence of molecular interactions that drive all cellular mechanisms and are often associated with the interplay of key enzymes including kinases and phosphatases but also including intracellular changes in pools of smaller molecules. A growing body of evidence is beginning to delineate the how, when and where of copper-mediated control over cell signal transduction. This has been driven by research demonstrating critical changes to copper homeostasis in many disorders including cancer and neurodegeneration and therapeutic potential through control of disease-associated cell signalling changes by modulation of copper-protein interactions. This timely review brings together for the first time the diverse actions of copper as a key regulator of cell signalling pathways and discusses the potential strategies for controlling disease-associated signalling processes using copper modulators. It is hoped that this review will provide a valuable insight into copper as a key signal regulator and stimulate further research to promote our understanding of copper in disease and therapy.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:381-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Curcumin pretreatment induces Nrf2 and an antioxidant response and prevents hemin-induced toxicity in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons of rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:801418. [PMID: 24454990 PMCID: PMC3885319 DOI: 10.1155/2013/801418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a bifunctional antioxidant derived from Curcuma longa. This study identifies curcumin as a neuroprotectant against hemin-induced damage in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of rats. Hemin, the oxidized form of heme, is a highly reactive compound that induces cellular injury. Pretreatment of CGNs with 5–30 μM curcumin effectively increased by 2.3–4.9 fold heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and by 5.6–14.3-fold glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, 15 μM curcumin attenuated by 55% the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, by 94% the reduction of GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, and by 49% the cell death induced by hemin. The inhibition of heme oxygenase system or GSH synthesis with tin mesoporphyrin and buthionine sulfoximine, respectively, suppressed the protective effect of curcumin against hemin-induced toxicity. These data strongly suggest that HO-1 and GSH play a major role in the protective effect of curcumin. Furthermore, it was found that 24 h of incubation with curcumin increases by 1.4-, 2.3-, and 5.2-fold the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. Additionally, it was found that curcumin was capable of inducing nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) translocation into the nucleus. These data suggest that the pretreatment with curcumin induces Nrf2 and an antioxidant response that may play an important role in the protective effect of this antioxidant against hemin-induced neuronal death.
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48
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ROS and brain diseases: the good, the bad, and the ugly. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:963520. [PMID: 24381719 PMCID: PMC3871919 DOI: 10.1155/2013/963520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a major metabolizer of oxygen and yet has relatively feeble protective antioxidant mechanisms. This paper reviews the Janus-faced properties of reactive oxygen species. It will describe the positive aspects of moderately induced ROS but it will also outline recent research findings concerning the impact of oxidative and nitrooxidative stress on neuronal structure and function in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depression. A common denominator of all neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and ADHD is an increased inflammatory response of the brain caused either by an exposure to proinflammatory agents during development or an accumulation of degenerated neurons, oxidized proteins, glycated products, or lipid peroxidation in the adult brain. Therefore, modulation of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance provides a therapeutic option which can be used to improve neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. We also discuss the neuroprotective role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in the aged brain in response to oxidative stressors and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of ROS-scavenging drugs. The antioxidant therapy is a novel therapeutic strategy. However, the available drugs have pleiotropic actions and are not fully characterized in the clinic. Additional clinical trials are needed to assess the risks and benefits of antioxidant therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Bu Y, Lee K, Jung HS, Moon SK. Therapeutic effects of traditional herbal medicine on cerebral ischemia: a perspective of vascular protection. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:804-14. [PMID: 24170629 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many agents for acute ischemic stroke treatment have been developed from extensive preclinical studies, most have failed in clinical trials. As a result, researchers are seeking other methods or agents based on previous studies. Among the various prospective approaches, vascular protection might be the key for development of therapeutic agents for stroke and for improvements in the efficacy and safety of conventional therapies. Traditional medicines in Asian countries are based on clinical experiences and literature accumulated over thousands of years. To date, many studies have used traditional herbal medicines to prove or develop new agents based on stroke treatments mentioned in traditional medicinal theory or other clinical data. In the current review, we describe the vascular factors related to ischemic brain damage and the herbal medicines that impact these factors, including Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Notoginseng Radix, and Curcumae Rhizoma, based on scientific reports and traditional medical theory. Further, we point out the problems associated with herbal medicines in stroke research and propose better methodologies to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea,
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Sasaki S, Tozawa T, Sugamoto K, Matsushita YI, Satoh T. A novel di terpene para-hydroquinone compound derived from cryptoquinone protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress and activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Neurosci Lett 2013; 548:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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