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Yang H, Li J, Huang XR, Bucala R, Xu A, Lan HY. Macrophage-derived macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates renal injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361343. [PMID: 38846956 PMCID: PMC11153660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a rich source of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). It is well established that macrophages and MIF play a pathogenic role in anti-glomerular basement membrane crescentic glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM CGN). However, whether macrophages mediate anti-GBM CGN via MIF-dependent mechanism remains unexplored, which was investigated in this study by specifically deleting MIF from macrophages in MIFf/f-lysM-cre mice. We found that compared to anti-GBM CGN induced in MIFf/f control mice, conditional ablation of MIF in macrophages significantly suppressed anti-GBM CGN by inhibiting glomerular crescent formation and reducing serum creatinine and proteinuria while improving creatine clearance. Mechanistically, selective MIF depletion in macrophages largely inhibited renal macrophage and T cell recruitment, promoted the polarization of macrophage from M1 towards M2 via the CD74/NF-κB/p38MAPK-dependent mechanism. Unexpectedly, selective depletion of macrophage MIF also significantly promoted Treg while inhibiting Th1 and Th17 immune responses. In summary, MIF produced by macrophages plays a pathogenic role in anti-GBM CGN. Targeting macrophage-derived MIF may represent a novel and promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of immune-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, SunYat‐sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anping Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Departments of Nephrology and Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Özen SD, Kir S. Ectodysplasin A2 receptor signaling in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:471-483. [PMID: 38443222 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential in generating mechanical force and regulating energy metabolism and body temperature. Pathologies associated with muscle tissue often lead to impaired physical activity and imbalanced metabolism. Recently, ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) signaling has been shown to promote muscle loss and glucose intolerance. Upregulated EDA2R expression in muscle tissue was associated with aging, denervation, cancer cachexia, and muscular dystrophies. Here, we describe the roles of EDA2R signaling in muscle pathophysiology, including muscle atrophy, insulin resistance, and aging-related sarcopenia. We also discuss the EDA2R pathway, which involves EDA-A2 as the ligand and nuclear factor (NF)κB-inducing kinase (NIK) as a downstream mediator, and the therapeutic potential of targeting these proteins in the treatment of muscle wasting and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Döndü Özen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Serkan Kir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey.
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3
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Cai Z, Deng X, Jia J, Wang D, Yuan G. Ectodysplasin A/Ectodysplasin A Receptor System and Their Roles in Multiple Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:788411. [PMID: 34938205 PMCID: PMC8685516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.788411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of ligands that was initially reported to induce the formation of various ectodermal derivatives during normal prenatal development. EDA exerts its biological activity as two splice variants, namely, EDA-A1 and EDA-A2. The former binds to the EDA receptor (EDAR), resulting in the recruitment of the intracellular EDAR-associated death domain (EDARADD) adapter protein and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, while the latter binds to a different receptor, EDA2R, also known as X-linked ectodermal dysplasia receptor (XEDAR). Inactivation mutation of the EDA gene or the genes coding for its receptors can result in hypohidrosis ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a condition that is characterized by oligotrichosis, edentulosis or oligodontia, and oligohidrosis or anhidrosis. Recently, as a new liver factor, EDA is gradually known and endowed with some new functions. EDA levels were observed to be upregulated in several metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and insulin resistance. In addition, EDA and its receptors have been implicated in tumor pathogenesis through the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration. Here, we first review the role of EDA and its two-receptor system in various signaling pathways and then discuss the physiological and pathological roles of EDA and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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Lan X, Kumar V, Jha A, Aslam R, Wang H, Chen K, Yu Y, He W, Chen F, Luo H, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. EDA2R mediates podocyte injury in high glucose milieu. Biochimie 2020; 174:74-83. [PMID: 32304771 PMCID: PMC7282945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
EDA2R is a member of the large family of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR). Previous studies suggested that EDA2R expression might be increased in the kidneys of diabetic mice. However, its mRNA and protein expression in kidneys were not analyzed; moreover, its role in the development of diabetic kidney disease was not explored. Here we analyzed the mRNA and protein expressions of EDA2R in diabetic kidneys and examined its role in the podocyte injury in high glucose milieu. By analysis with real-time PCR, Western blotting, we found that both the mRNA and protein levels of EDA2R were increased in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that EDA2R expression was enhanced in both glomerular and tubular cells of diabetic mice and humans. In vitro studies, high glucose increased EDA2R expression in cultured human podocytes. Overexpression of EDA2R in podocytes promoted podocyte apoptosis and decreased nephrin expression. Moreover, ED2AR increased ROS generation in podocytes, while inhibiting ROS generation attenuates EDA2R-mediated podocyte injury. In addition, EDA2R silencing partially suppressed high glucose-induced ROS generation, apoptosis, and nephrin decrease. Our study demonstrated that high glucose increases EDA2R expression in kidney cells and that EDA2R induces podocyte apoptosis and dedifferentiation in high glucose milieu partially through enhanced ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Lan
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Alok Jha
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kehong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueming Yu
- Kunming Dongfang Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Weimei He
- Kunming Dongfang Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Feilan Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.
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Khalilpour J, Roshan-Milani S, Gharalari FH, Fard AA. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist (p425) ameliorates kidney histopathological and functional changes in diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:315-322. [PMID: 30720852 PMCID: PMC6788839 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: It is hypothesized that increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor
(MIF) expression may contribute to diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the renal effects of MIF
inhibition in a diabetic experimental model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g) were divided into three groups:
1) control, 2) diabetic (STZ, 50 mg/kg, dissolved in saline, ip), 3)
diabetic + MIF antagonist (p425, 1 mg/kg per day, ip, on the 21th day, for
21 consecutive days). The treatment started since we founwd a significant
increase in urine albumin excretion (UAE) rate in the diabetic rats in
comparison with the control rats. The rats were kept individually in
metabolic cages (8 AM-2 PM) and urine samples were collected in the 21 and
42th day. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for
biochemical (BS, UPE, urine GAG, BUN, Cr, Na, and K) and histological
analyses. Results: The results of this study showed that MIF antagonist (p425) significantly
decreased urine protein and GAG excretion, urine protein/creatinine ratio,
and serum BUN and Cr in the streptozotocin-induced DN in the rats.
Pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the MIF antagonist
(p425)-administered DN rats. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggested that MIF antagonist (p425) was able to
protect against functional and histopathological injury in the DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Khalilpour
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran.,Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hosseini Gharalari
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia, Iran.,Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Emam Hospital, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahzade Fard
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia, Iran.,Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine the proposed role of immune modulation in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Diabetic kidney disease has not historically been considered an immune-mediated disease; however, increasing evidence is emerging in support of an immune role in its pathophysiology. Both systemic and local renal inflammation have been associated with DKD. Infiltration of immune cells, predominantly macrophages, into the kidney has been reported in a number of both experimental and clinical studies. In addition, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to disease progression. Consequently, a variety of therapeutic strategies involving modulation of the immune response are currently being investigated in diabetic kidney disease. Although no current therapies for DKD are directly based on immune modulation many of the therapies in clinical use have anti-inflammatory effects along with their primary actions. Macrophages emerge as the most likely beneficial immune cell target and compounds which reduce macrophage infiltration to the kidney have shown potential in both animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala B Hickey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Finian Martin
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Urinary Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis. J Clin Rheumatol 2017; 23:258-261. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang H, Zhao T, Li Z, Yan M, Zhao H, Zhu B, Li P. Transcriptional Profile of Kidney from Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8391253. [PMID: 28232950 PMCID: PMC5292381 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8391253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common diabetic microvascular complication, is characterized by progressive glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in DN remain to be elucidated. We explored changes in the transcriptional profile in spontaneous type 2 diabetic db/db mice by using the cDNA microarray. Compared with control db/m mice, the db/db mice exhibited marked increases in body weight, kidney weight, and urinary albumin excretion. Renal histological analysis revealed mesangial expansion and thickness of the basement membrane in the kidney of the db/db mice. A total of 355 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by microarray analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that biological oxidation, bile acid metabolism, and steroid hormone synthesis were the 3 major significant pathways. The top 10 hub genes were selected from the constructed PPI network of DEGs, including Ccnb2 and Nr1i2, which remained largely unclear in DN. We believe that our study can help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Medical Research Center, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Ping Li:
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9
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Bruchfeld A, Wendt M, Miller EJ. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Clinical Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 26858715 PMCID: PMC4726817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including sepsis, autoimmune disease, atherogenesis, plaque instability, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. MIF in plasma and urine is significantly elevated in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and elevated MIF in serum is associated with markers of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and markers of myocardial damage in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, MIF seems to be involved in vascular processes and cardiovascular disease associated with CKD, glomerulonephritis, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and possibly also in progression to renal failure. Moreover, in active anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody-associated vasculitis, plasma MIF levels have been shown to be significantly elevated as compared with samples from patients in remission. A significant difference in the genotype frequency of high production MIF -173 G/C genotype has been found in end-stage renal disease, compared to controls. Inhibition of MIF in a diabetic nephropathy model ameliorated blood glucose and albuminuria and in a model of adult polycystic kidney disease cyst growth was delayed. Preclinical studies support a potential therapeutic role for MIF in AKI and in a number of CKDs, whereas these data in human disease are still observational. Future interventional studies are needed to delineate the role of MIF as a treatment target in clinical kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mårten Wendt
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Edmund J Miller
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reduces diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetes mice. Inflammation 2015; 37:2020-9. [PMID: 24958012 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a critical role in inflammation and is elevated in diabetic kidney. However, whether MIF plays a causative role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. In the present study, we have demonstrated that after treatment of 8-week-old diabetic db/db and nondiabetic db/m mice with the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 (20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, there was a significant decrease in blood glucose, albuminuria, extracellular matrix accumulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and macrophage activation in the kidney of db/db mice. Incubation of macrophages with MIF induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The conditioned media (CM) of MIF-activated macrophages and TNF-α induced by MIF caused podocyte damage. Moreover, CM from MIF-activated macrophages induced EMT of renal tubular cells, and this effect was blocked by ISO-1. Thus, MIF inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for DN. This effect may be attributable to its inhibitory effect on macrophage activation in the diabetic kidney.
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Konenkov VI, Klimontov VV, Myakina NE, Tyan NV, Fazullina ON, Romanov VV. Increased serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:45-49. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587645-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Sánchez-Zamora YI, Rodriguez-Sosa M. The role of MIF in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:804519. [PMID: 24527464 PMCID: PMC3910331 DOI: 10.1155/2014/804519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus type one (T1DM) and type two (T2DM), respectively. Both processes are orchestrated by inflammatory cytokines, including the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). To date, MIF has been implicated in both types of diabetes; therefore, understanding the role of MIF could affect our understanding of the autoimmune or inflammatory responses that influence diabetic pathology. This review highlights our current knowledge about the involvement of MIF in both types of diabetes in the clinical environment and in experimental disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko I. Sánchez-Zamora
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
- *Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa:
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