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Limcharoen B, Wanichwecharungruang S, Kröger M, Sansureerungsikul T, Schleusener J, Lena Klein A, Banlunara W, Meinke MC, Darvin ME. Dissolvable microneedles in the skin: Determination the impact of barrier disruption and dry skin on dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114303. [PMID: 38657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), fabricated from biocompatible materials that dissolve in both water and skin have gained popularity in dermatology. However, limited research exists on their application in compromised skin conditions. This study compares the hyaluronic acid-based DMNs penetration, formation of microchannels, dissolution, and diffusion kinetics in intact, barrier-disrupted (tape stripped), and dry (acetone-treated) porcine ear skin ex vivo. After DMNs application, comprehensive investigations including dermoscopy, stereomicroscope, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (RCLSM), confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM), two-photon tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPT-FLIM), histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The 400 µm long DMNs successfully penetrated the skin to depths of ≈200 µm for dry skin and ≈200-290 µm for barrier-disrupted skin. Although DMNs fully inserted into all skin conditions, their dissolution rates were high in barrier-disrupted and low in dry skin, as observed through stereomicroscopy and TPT-FLIM. The dissolved polymer exhibited a more significant expansion in barrier-disrupted skin compared to intact skin, with the smallest increase observed in dry skin. Elevated TEWL and reduced skin hydration levels were evident in barrier-disrupted and dry skins compared to intact skin. OCT and RCLSM revealed noticeable skin indentation and pronounced microchannel areas, particularly in barrier-disrupted and dry skin. Additional confirmation of DMN effects on the skin and substance dissolution was obtained through histology, SEM, and CRM techniques. This study highlights the impact of skin condition on DMN effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of considering dissolvability and dissolution rates of needle materials, primarily composed of hyaluronic acid, for optimizing DMN-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
- Mineed Technology, 928 Block 28, Building D, Chulalongkorn 7 Alley, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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2
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Ma S, Li J, Pei L, Feng N, Zhang Y. Microneedle-based interstitial fluid extraction for drug analysis: Advances, challenges, and prospects. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:111-126. [PMID: 36908860 PMCID: PMC9999301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to blood, interstitial fluid (ISF) contains exogenous drugs and biomarkers and may therefore substitute blood in drug analysis. However, current ISF extraction techniques require bulky instruments and are both time-consuming and complicated, which has inspired the development of viable alternatives such as those relying on skin or tissue puncturing with microneedles. Currently, microneedles are widely employed for transdermal drug delivery and have been successfully used for ISF extraction by different mechanisms to facilitate subsequent analysis. The integration of microneedles with sensors enables in situ ISF analysis and specific compound monitoring, while the integration of monitoring and delivery functions in wearable devices allows real-time dose modification. Herein, we review the progress in drug analysis based on microneedle-assisted ISF extraction and discuss the related future opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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3
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Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Zhao L, Zhang C, Abu‐Ershaid JM, Li M, Li Y, Naser Y, Dai X, Abbate MTA, Donnelly RF. Smart Responsive Microarray Patches for Transdermal Drug Delivery and Biological Monitoring. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100996. [PMID: 34449129 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery routes possess various disadvantages which make them unsuitable for certain population groups, or indeed unsuitable for drugs with certain physicochemical properties. As a result, a variety of alternative drug delivery routes have been explored in recent decades, including transdermal drug delivery. One of the most promising novel transdermal drug delivery technologies is a microarray patch (MAP), which can bypass the outermost skin barrier and deliver drugs directly into the viable epidermis and dermis. Unlike traditional MAPs which release loaded cargo simultaneously upon insertion into the skin, stimuli responsive MAPs based on biological stimuli are able to precisely release the drug in response to the need for additional doses. Thus, smart MAPs that are only responsive to certain external stimuli are highly desirable, as they provide safer and more efficient drug delivery. In addition to drug delivery, they can also be used for biological monitoring, which further expands their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | | | - Mingshan Li
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Yaocun Li
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Yara Naser
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Xianbing Dai
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Marco T. A. Abbate
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
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5
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The role of microneedle arrays in drug delivery and patient monitoring to prevent diabetes induced fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113825. [PMID: 34111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes affects approximately 450 million adults globally. If not effectively managed, chronic hyperglycaemia causes tissue damage that can develop into fibrosis. Fibrosis leads to end-organ complications, failure of organ systems occurs, which can ultimately cause death. One strategy to tackle end-organ complications is to maintain normoglycaemia. Conventionally, insulin is administered subcutaneously. Whilst effective, this delivery route shows several limitations, including pain. The transdermal route is a favourable alternative. Microneedle (MN) arrays are minimally invasive and painless devices that can enhance transdermal drug delivery. Convincing evidence is provided on MN-mediated insulin delivery. MN arrays can also be used as a diagnostic tool and monitor glucose levels. Furthermore, sophisticated MN array-based systems that integrate glucose monitoring and drug delivery into a single device have been designed. Therefore, MN technology has potential to revolutionise diabetes management. This review describes the current applications of MN technology for diabetes management and how these could prevent diabetes induced fibrosis.
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Dabholkar N, Gorantla S, Waghule T, Rapalli VK, Kothuru A, Goel S, Singhvi G. Biodegradable microneedles fabricated with carbohydrates and proteins: Revolutionary approach for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:602-621. [PMID: 33387545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a surge in the use of transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) for the past few years. The market of TDDS is expected to reach USD 7.1 billion by 2023, from USD 5.7 billion in 2018, at a CAGR of 4.5%. Microneedles (MNs) are a novel class of TDDS with advantages of reduced pain, low infection risk, ease of application, controlled release of therapeutic agents, and enhanced bioavailability. Biodegradable MNs fabricated from natural polymers have become the center of attention among formulation scientists because of their recognized biodegradability, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication, and sustainable character. In this review, we summarize the various polysaccharides and polypeptide based biomaterials that are used to fabricate biodegradable MNs. Particular emphasis is given to cellulose and its derivatives, starch, and complex carbohydrate polymers such as alginates, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, xanthan gum, pullulan, and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, novel protein-based polymers such as zein, collagen, gelatin, fish scale and silk fibroin (polyamino acid) biopolymers application in transdermal drug delivery have also been discussed. The current review will provide a unique perspective to the readers on the developments of biodegradable MNs composed of carbohydrates and protein polymers with their clinical applications and patent status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dabholkar
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Avinash Kothuru
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanket Goel
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Principal Investigator: MEMS, Microfluidics and Nanoelectronics Lab, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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7
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Pukfukdee P, Banlunara W, Rutwaree T, Limcharoen B, Sawutdeechaikul P, Pattarakankul T, Sansureerungsikul T, Toprangkobsin P, Leelahavanichkul A, Panchaprateep R, Asawanonda P, Palaga T, Wanichwecharungruang S. Solid Composite Material for Delivering Viable Cells into Skin Tissues via Detachable Dissolvable Microneedles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4581-4589. [PMID: 35025457 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivering cells to desired locations in the body is needed for disease treatments, tissue repairs, and various scientific investigations such as animal models for drug development. Here, we report the solid composite material that when embedded with viable cells, can temporarily keep cells alive. Using the material, we also show the fabrication of detachable dissolvable microneedles (DMNs) that can instantly deliver viable cells into skin tissue. B16-F10-murine-melanoma (B16-F10) and human-embryonic-kidney-293T (HEK293T) cells embedded in the solid matrix of the hyaluronic/polyvinylpyrolidone/maltose (HA/PVP/maltose) mixture show 50.6 ± 12.0 and 71.0 ± 5.96% survivals, respectively, when kept at 4 °C for 24 h. Detachable DMNs made of the HA/PVP/maltose mixture and loaded with B16-F10-cells were constructed, and the obtained DMN patches could detach the cell-loaded needles into the skin within 1 min of patch application. In vivo intradermal tumorgrafting mice with the DMNs containing 800 cells of B16-F10 developed tumors 10 times bigger in volume than tumors induced by hypodermic needle injection of suspension containing 100,000 cells. We anticipate this work to be a starting point for viable cell encapsulation in the solid matrix and viable cell delivery via DMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttikorn Pukfukdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teeranut Rutwaree
- Mineed Technology, 141-145 Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pattrawadee Toprangkobsin
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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8
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Kobuchi S, Kabata T, Maeda K, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Pharmacokinetics of Macrolide Antibiotics and Transport into the Interstitial Fluid: Comparison among Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040199. [PMID: 32331283 PMCID: PMC7235806 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has found higher levels and longer total exposure of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic agent, in the interstitial fluid of the skin than in the plasma. This unique distribution is expected to contribute to its antimicrobial activity at the primary infection site. However, it remains unclear whether this characteristic distribution in the extracellular tissue space is common to macrolide antibiotics or if it is azithromycin-specific, with most macrolides largely localized intracellularly. In this study, we investigated pharmacokinetic characteristics of erythromycin and clarithromycin in the interstitial fluid of the skin of rats after intravenous drug administration, and compared the results with our previously reported results on azithromycin. Interstitial fluid samples were directly collected from a pore on the skin using a dissolving microneedle array. We found that the total macrolide concentrations in the interstitial fluid were significantly different among three macrolides. The rank order of the interstitial fluid-plasma concentration ratio was azithromycin (3.8 to 4.9) > clarithromycin (1.2 to 1.5) > erythromycin (0.27 to 0.39), and this ratio was stable after dosing, whereas higher drug levels in the skin tissue than in the plasma were observed for all three macrolides. Our results suggest that lower erythromycin concentrations in the interstitial fluid than in the plasma contributes to the emergence of bacterial resistance in the extracellular tissue space. Monitoring of total macrolide concentrations in interstitial fluid may provide valuable information regarding antimicrobial effects and the emergence of bacterial resistance for the development of an appropriate pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics-based dosing strategy.
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10
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Flexible two-layer dissolving and safing microneedle transdermal of neurotoxin: A biocomfortable attempt to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Babity S, Roohnikan M, Brambilla D. Advances in the Design of Transdermal Microneedles for Diagnostic and Monitoring Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803186. [PMID: 30353663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic advantages over classical hypodermic needles, microneedles have received much attention over the last two decades and will likely soon appear in clinics. Although the vast majority of research is focused on designing microneedles for the painless delivery of drugs, their applications for diagnostic purposes have also provided promising results. In this paper, the main advances in the field of microneedles for diagnostic and patient monitoring purposes are introduced and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Babity
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mahdi Roohnikan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Pamornpathomkul B, Ngawhirunpat T, Tekko IA, Vora L, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF. Dissolving polymeric microneedle arrays for enhanced site-specific acyclovir delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:200-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Wang QL, Ren JW, Chen BZ, Jin X, Zhang CY, Guo XD. Effect of humidity on mechanical properties of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Xu B, Jiang G, Yu W, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Sun S, Liu Y. H2O2-Responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles integrated with microneedle patches for the glucose-monitored transdermal delivery of insulin. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8200-8208. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We successfully developed a microneedle patch system integrated with H2O2-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the glucose-monitored transdermal delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology (Zhejiang)
| | - Weijiang Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Depeng Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Shiqing Sun
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yongkun Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials
- Zhejiang Sci Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
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15
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Transport of Azithromycin into Extravascular Space in Rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6823-6827. [PMID: 27600045 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01570-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials showed a prolonged retention of subinhibitory concentrations of unbound azithromycin in the interstitial fluid of soft tissues despite the fact that azithromycin is extensively distributed in tissues. In these clinical trials, interstitial fluid samples were obtained by using the microdialysis method, and it was established that drug concentrations represent protein-unbound drug concentrations. The present study was designed to measure total azithromycin concentrations in the interstitial fluid of the skin of rats by directly collecting interstitial fluid samples from a pore formed on the skin by a dissolving microneedle array. The total azithromycin concentrations in interstitial fluid of the skin were about 4 to 5 times higher than those in plasma throughout the experimental period, and stasis of the azithromycin concentration in interstitial fluid was observed when the concentration of azithromycin in plasma was at the lower limit of quantification. In addition, the skin/plasma concentration ratio transiently increased after dosing (from 4.3 to 83.1). Our results suggest that azithromycin was trapped inside white blood cells and/or phagocytic cells in not only blood but also interstitial fluid, resulting in a high total azithromycin concentration and the retention of its antimicrobial activity at the primary infection site. The stasis of azithromycin in interstitial fluid and skin would lead to long-lasting pharmacological effects (including those against skin infection) at concentrations exceeding the MIC.
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Ito Y, Inagaki Y, Kobuchi S, Takada K, Sakaeda T. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Dissolving Microneedles. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:271-6. [PMID: 27076783 PMCID: PMC4829539 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design an alternative painless method for vancomycin (VCM) monitoring by withdrawing interstitial fluid (ISF) the skin using dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and possibly replace the conventional clinical blood sampling method. METHODS Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. Vancomycin at 5 mg/mL in saline was intravenously administered via the jugular vein. ISF was collected from a formed pore at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min after the DMNs was removed from the skin. In addition, 0.3 mL blood samples were collected from the left femoral vein. RESULTS The correlation between the plasma and ISF VCM concentrations was significantly strong (r = 0.676, p < 0.05). Microscopic observation of the skin after application of the DMNs demonstrated their safety as a device for sampling ISF. CONCLUSION A novel monitoring method for VCM was developed to painlessly determine concentrations in the ISF as opposed to blood sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ito
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuto Inagaki
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kanji Takada
- 2. BioSerenTach Inc., Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8040, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- 1. Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
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Caffarel-Salvador E, Brady AJ, Eltayib E, Meng T, Alonso-Vicente A, Gonzalez-Vazquez P, Torrisi BM, Vicente-Perez EM, Mooney K, Jones DS, Bell SEJ, McCoy CP, McCarthy HO, McElnay JC, Donnelly RF. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle Arrays Allow Detection of Drugs and Glucose In Vivo: Potential for Use in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145644. [PMID: 26717198 PMCID: PMC4699208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe, for the first time the use of hydrogel-forming microneedle (MN) arrays for minimally-invasive extraction and quantification of drug substances and glucose from skin in vitro and in vivo. MN prepared from aqueous blends of hydrolysed poly(methyl-vinylether-co-maleic anhydride) (11.1% w/w) and poly(ethyleneglycol) 10,000 daltons (5.6% w/w) and crosslinked by esterification swelled upon skin insertion by uptake of fluid. Post-removal, theophylline and caffeine were extracted from MN and determined using HPLC, with glucose quantified using a proprietary kit. In vitro studies using excised neonatal porcine skin bathed on the underside by physiologically-relevant analyte concentrations showed rapid (5 min) analyte uptake. For example, mean concentrations of 0.16 μg/mL and 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, were detected for the lowest (5 μg/mL) and highest (35 μg/mL) Franz cell concentrations of theophylline after 5 min insertion. A mean concentration of 0.10 μg/mL was obtained by extraction of MN inserted for 5 min into skin bathed with 5 μg/mL caffeine, while the mean concentration obtained by extraction of MN inserted into skin bathed with 15 μg/mL caffeine was 0.33 μg/mL. The mean detected glucose concentration after 5 min insertion into skin bathed with 4 mmol/L was 19.46 nmol/L. The highest theophylline concentration detected following extraction from a hydrogel-forming MN inserted for 1 h into the skin of a rat dosed orally with 10 mg/kg was of 0.363 μg/mL, whilst a maximum concentration of 0.063 μg/mL was detected following extraction from a MN inserted for 1 h into the skin of a rat dosed with 5 mg/kg theophylline. In human volunteers, the highest mean concentration of caffeine detected using MN was 91.31 μg/mL over the period from 1 to 2 h post-consumption of 100 mg Proplus® tablets. The highest mean blood glucose level was 7.89 nmol/L detected 1 h following ingestion of 75 g of glucose, while the highest mean glucose concentration extracted from MN was 4.29 nmol/L, detected after 3 hours skin insertion in human volunteers. Whilst not directly correlated, concentrations extracted from MN were clearly indicative of trends in blood in both rats and human volunteers. This work strongly illustrates the potential of hydrogel-forming MN in minimally-invasive patient monitoring and diagnosis. Further studies are now ongoing to reduce clinical insertion times and develop mathematical algorithms enabling determination of blood levels directly from MN measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Caffarel-Salvador
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J. Brady
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eyman Eltayib
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Teng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Alonso-Vicente
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara M. Torrisi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Maria Vicente-Perez
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Mooney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - James C. McElnay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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