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Tanaka S, Noda T, Urashima K, Ijiri Y, Kohda Y, Kato R. Reactive metabolite of trovafloxacin activates inflammasomes: Implications for trovafloxacin-induced liver injury. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:846-852. [PMID: 38291012 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Trovafloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic drug with broad-spectrum activity, which was withdrawn from a global market relatively soon after approval because of serious liver injury. The characteristics of trovafloxacin-induced liver injury are consistent with an idiosyncratic reaction; however, the details of the mechanism have not been elucidated. We examined whether trovafloxacin induces the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate inflammasomes. We also tested ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and grepafloxacin for their ability to activate inflammasomes. Drug bioactivation was performed with human hepatocarcinoma functional liver cell-4 (FLC-4) cells, and THP-1 cells (human monocyte cell line) were used for the detection of inflammasome activation. The supernatant from the incubation of trovafloxacin with FLC-4 cells for 7 days increased caspase-1 activity and production of IL-1ß by THP-1 cells. In the supernatant of FLC-4 cells that had been incubated with trovafloxacin, heat shock protein (HSP) 40 was significantly increased. Addition of a cytochrome P450 inhibitor to the FLC-4 cells prevented the release of HSP40 from the FLC-4 cells and inflammasome activation in THP-1 cells by the FLC-4 supernatant. These results suggest that reactive metabolites of trovafloxacin can cause the release of DAMPs from hepatocytes that can activate inflammasomes. Inflammasome activation may be an important step in the activation of the immune system by trovafloxacin, which, in some patients, can cause immune-related liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Noda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Urashima
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ijiri
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Kohda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Fujiwara R, Journey M, Al-Doori F, Bell P, Judge B, Miracle K, Ito K, Jones S. Potential neonatal toxicity of new psychoactive substances. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108468. [PMID: 37290575 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis, cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide are psychoactive substances with a significant increase in consumption during the 21st century due to their popularity in medicinal and recreational use. New psychoactive substances (NPSs) mimic established psychoactive substances. NPSs are known as being natural and safe to consumers; however, they are neither natural nor safe, causing severe adverse reactions, including seizures, nephrotoxicity, and sometimes death. Synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines, and piperazines are all examples of NPSs. As of January 2020, nearly 1000 NPSs have become documented. Due to their low cost, ease of availability, and difficulty of detection, misuse of NPSs has become a familiar and growing problem, especially in adolescents and young adults in the past decade. The use of NPSs is associated with higher risks of unplanned sexual intercourse and pregnancy. As many as 4 in 100 women seeking treatment for substance abuse are pregnant or nursing. Animal studies and human clinical case reports have shown that exposure to certain NPSs during lactation periods has toxic effects on neonates, increasing various risks, including brain damage. Nevertheless, neonatal toxicity effects of NPSs are usually unrecognized and overlooked by healthcare professionals. In this review article, we introduce and discuss the potential neonatal toxicity of NPSs, emphasizing synthetic cannabinoids. Utilizing the established prediction models, we identify synthetic cannabinoids and their highly accumulative metabolites in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
| | - Megan Journey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Fatimah Al-Doori
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Paris Bell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Brahmjot Judge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Kamille Miracle
- College of Graduate Studies, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sabrina Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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3
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Villanueva-Badenas E, Donato MT, Tolosa L. Mechanistic Understanding of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity Using Co-Cultures of Hepatocytes and Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1315. [PMID: 37507855 PMCID: PMC10376129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity or drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety issue in drug development as a primary reason for drug failure in clinical trials and the main cause for post-marketing regulatory measures like drug withdrawal. Idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) is a patient-specific, multifactorial, and multicellular process that cannot be recapitulated in current in vitro models; thus, our major goal is to develop and fully characterize a co-culture system and to evaluate its suitability for predicting iDILI. For this purpose, we used human hepatoma HepG2 cells and macrophages differentiated from a monocyte cell line (THP-1) and established the appropriate co-culture conditions for mimicking an inflammatory environment. Then, mono-cultures and co-cultures were treated with model iDILI compounds (trovafloxacin, troglitazone) and their parent non-iDILI compounds (levofloxacin, rosiglitazone), and the effects on viability and the mechanisms implicated (i.e., oxidative stress induction) were analyzed. Our results show that co-culture systems including hepatocytes (HepG2) and other cell types (THP-1-derived macrophages) help to enhance the mechanistic understanding of iDILI, providing better hepatotoxicity predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Villanueva-Badenas
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Teresa Donato
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Tolosa
- Unidad de Hepatología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Mitra K. Acyl Glucuronide and Coenzyme A Thioester Metabolites of Carboxylic Acid-Containing Drug Molecules: Layering Chemistry with Reactive Metabolism and Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1777-1788. [PMID: 36200746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation and CoA (coenzyme A) conjugation are common pathways for the elimination of carboxylic acid-containing drug molecules. In some instances, these biotransformations have been associated with toxicity (such as idiosyncratic hepatic injury, renal impairment, hemolytic anemia, gastrointestinal inflammation, and bladder cancer) attributed to, in part, the propensity of acyl glucuronides and acyl CoA thioesters to covalently modify biological macromolecules such as proteins and DNA. It is to be noted that, while acyl glucuronidation and CoA conjugation are indeed implicated in adverse effects, there are many safe drugs in the market that are cleared by these reactive pathways. It is therefore important that new molecular entities with carboxylic acid groups are evaluated for toxicity in a manner that is not unreasonably risk-averse. In the absence of truly predictable methods, therefore, the general approach is to apply a set of end points to generate a weight-of-evidence evaluation. In practice, the focus is to identify structural liabilities and provide structure-activity recommendations early in the program, at a stage where an attempt to improve reactive metabolism does not deoptimize other critical drug-quality criteria. This review will present a high-level overview of the chemistry of glucuronidation and CoA conjugation and provide a discussion of the possible mechanisms of adverse effects that have been associated with these pathways, as well as how such potential hazards are addressed while delivering a new chemical entity for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Mitra
- Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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5
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Liu D, Yu Q, Ning Q, Liu Z, Song J. The relationship between UGT1A1 gene & various diseases and prevention strategies. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 54:1-21. [PMID: 34807779 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.2001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is a member of the Phase II metabolic enzyme family and the only enzyme that can metabolize detoxified bilirubin. Inactivation and very low activity of UGT1A1 in the liver can be fatal or lead to lifelong Gilbert's syndrome (GS) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN). To date, more than one hundred UGT1A1 polymorphisms have been discovered. Although most UGT1A1 polymorphisms are not fatal, which diseases might be associated with low activity UGT1A1 or UGT1A1 polymorphisms? This scientific topic has been studied for more than a hundred years, there are still many uncertainties. Herein, this article will summarize all the possibilities of UGT1A1 gene-related diseases, including GS and CN, neurological disease, hepatobiliary disease, metabolic difficulties, gallstone, cardiovascular disease, Crohn's disease (CD) obesity, diabetes, myelosuppression, leukemia, tumorigenesis, etc., and provide guidance for researchers to conduct in-depth study on UGT1A1 gene-related diseases. In addition, this article not only summarizes the prevention strategies of UGT1A1 gene-related diseases, but also puts forward some insights for sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing Ning
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
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6
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition during the early and late stages of drug development and after a drug is marketed. DILI is generally classified as either intrinsic or idiosyncratic. Intrinsic DILI is dose dependent and predictable (e.g., acetaminophen toxicity). However, predicting the occurrence of idiosyncratic DILI, which has a very low incidence and is associated with severe liver damage, is difficult because of its complex nature and the poor understanding of its mechanism. Considering drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, we established experimental animal models of DILI for 14 clinical drugs that cause idiosyncratic DILI in humans, which is characterized by the formation of reactive metabolites and the involvement of both innate and adaptive immunity. On the basis of the biomarker data obtained from the animal models, we developed a cell-based assay system that predicts the potential risks of drugs for inducing DILI. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of DILI and may help predict and prevent idiosyncratic DILI due to certain drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
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7
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Wang J, Bwayi M, Florke Gee RR, Chen T. PXR-mediated idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: mechanistic insights and targeting approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:711-722. [PMID: 32500752 PMCID: PMC7429329 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1779701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human liver is the center for drug metabolism and detoxification and is, therefore, constantly exposed to toxic chemicals. The loss of liver function as a result of this exposure is referred to as drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the primary regulator of the hepatic drug-clearance system, which plays a critical role in mediating idiosyncratic DILI. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on common mechanisms of PXR-mediated DILI and on in vitro and in vivo models developed to predict and assess DILI. It also provides an update on the development of PXR antagonists that may manage PXR-mediated DILI. EXPERT OPINION DILI can be caused by many factors, and PXR is clearly linked to DILI. Although emerging data illustrate how PXR mediates DILI and how PXR activity can be modulated, many questions concerning the development of effective PXR modulators remain. Future research should be focused on determining the mechanisms regulating PXR functions in different cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Monicah Bwayi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Florke Gee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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8
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Comparison of three human liver cell lines for in vitro drug-induced liver injury assessment: Huh7, HepaRG, and stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Jones S, Yarbrough AL, Shoeib A, Bush JM, Fantegrossi WE, Prather PL, Radominska-Pandya A, Fujiwara R. Enzymatic analysis of glucuronidation of synthetic cannabinoid 1-naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22). Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1388-1395. [PMID: 30739533 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1580403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rise in abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs). The consumption of SCBs results in various effects and can induce toxic reactions, including paranoia, seizures, tachycardia and even death. 1-Naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22) is a third generation SCB whose metabolic pathway has not been fully characterized. In this study, we conducted in vitro pharmacokinetic analysis of FDU-PB-22 metabolism. Metabolic reactions containing FDU-PB-22 and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were independent of NADPH but not UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), suggesting that UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the primary enzymes involved in this metabolism. It was further determined that the metabolite extensively formed after incubating FDU-PB-22 with UDPGA in HLMs was the glucuronide of FDU-PB-22 3-carboxyindole (FBI-COOH). Various hepatic UGTs showed enzymatic activity for FBI-COOH. A series of UGT inhibitors showed moderate to strong inhibition of FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in HLMs, suggesting that multiple UGT isoforms are involved in FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in the liver. Interestingly, an extra-hepatic isoform, UGT1A10, exhibited the highest activity with a Km value of 38 µM and a Vmax value of 5.90 nmol/min/mg. Collectively, these results suggest that both genetic mutations of and the co-administration of inhibitors for FDU-PB-22-metabolizing UGTs will likely increase the risk of FDU-PB-22-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Physics and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas Fay etteville , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Azure L Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Amal Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - John M Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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10
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Shehu AI, Ma X. Pregnane X receptor in drug-induced liver injury: Friend or foe? LIVER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Fujiwara R, Yoda E, Tukey RH. Species differences in drug glucuronidation: Humanized UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 mice and their application for predicting drug glucuronidation and drug-induced toxicity in humans. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 33:9-16. [PMID: 29079228 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
More than 20% of clinically used drugs are glucuronidated by a microsomal enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Inhibition or induction of UGT can result in an increase or decrease in blood drug concentration. To avoid drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in individuals, therefore, it is important to understand whether UGTs are involved in metabolism of drugs and drug candidates. While most of glucuronides are inactive metabolites, acyl-glucuronides that are formed from compounds with a carboxylic acid group can be highly toxic. Animals such as mice and rats are widely used to predict drug metabolism and drug-induced toxicity in humans. However, there are marked species differences in the expression and function of drug-metabolizing enzymes including UGTs. To overcome the species differences, mice in which certain drug-metabolizing enzymes are humanized have been recently developed. Humanized UGT1 (hUGT1) mice were created in 2010 by crossing Ugt1-null mice with human UGT1 transgenic mice in a C57BL/6 background. hUGT1 mice can be promising tools to predict human drug glucuronidation and acyl-glucuronide-associated toxicity. In this review article, studies of drug metabolism and toxicity in the hUGT1 mice are summarized. We further discuss research and strategic directions to advance the understanding of drug glucuronidation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Hirashima R, Itoh T, Tukey RH, Fujiwara R. Prediction of drug-induced liver injury using keratinocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:863-872. [PMID: 28138970 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common adverse drug reactions. DILI is often accompanied by skin reactions, including rash and pruritus. However, it is still unknown whether DILI-associated genes such as S100 calcium-binding protein A and interleukin (IL)-1β are involved in drug-induced skin toxicity. In the present study, most of the tested hepatotoxic drugs such as pioglitazone and diclofenac induced DILI-associated genes in human and mouse keratinocytes. Keratinocytes of mice at higher risk for DILI exhibited an increased IL-1β basal expression. They also showed a higher inducibility of IL-1β when treated by pioglitazone. Mice at higher risk for DILI showed even higher sums of DILI-associated gene basal expression levels and induction rates in keratinocytes. Our data suggest that DILI-associated genes might be involved in the onset and progression of drug-induced skin toxicity. Furthermore, we might be able to identify individuals at higher risk of developing DILI less invasively by examining gene expression patterns in keratinocytes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Hirashima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Robert H Tukey
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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13
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Mitsugi R, Itoh T, Fujiwara R. MicroRNA-877-5p is involved in the trovafloxacin-induced liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2016; 263:34-43. [PMID: 27713024 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trovafloxacin develops severe hepatotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism of the trovafloxacin-induced liver injury has not been cleared. It has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can be involved in the development of drug-induced liver injuries. We performed a miRNA microarray analysis to identify hepatic miRNAs that were induced or reduced by trovafloxacin in mice. It was demonstrated that miR-877-5p was the most increased miRNA in the mouse liver 24h after the trovafloxacin administration. To investigate the role of miR-877-5p in the liver, we established miR-877-5p-overexpressed HepG2 cells. Microarray analysis detected altered expressions in 2077 (>2-fold) and 1547 (<0.5-fold) genes in the miR-877-5p overexpressing cells compared to the mock cells. Especially, SLCO4C1, PEPCK, MT1M, HIST1H2BM, LGI1, and PLA2G2A were markedly increased or decreased in the miR-877-5p overexpressing cells. We conducted a correlation analysis between the expression levels of miR-877-5p and the six genes in eight miR-877-5p stably-expressed clones. It was shown that the PEPCK expression levels were correlated with miR-877-5p expression levels. PEPCK is associated with development of apoptotic cell death; therefore, the increased miR- 877-5p-induced PEPCK can be a trigger that is involved in the development of trovafloxacin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mitsugi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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