The Reparative Effect of Dendrobium officinale Protocorms against Photodamage Caused by UV-Irradiation in Hairless Mice

Partial Replacement of NaCl with KCl in Cooked Meat Could Reduce the Liver Damage Through Renin-Angiotensin System in Mice

SCOPE

Dietary salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is necessary for processed meat products, but intake of a high-sodium diet carries serious health risks. Considerable studies indicate that the partial substitution of NaCl with potassium chloride (KCl) can produce sodium-reduced cooked meat. However, most studies of sodium-reduced cooked meat focus on the production process in vitro, and the effect of cooked meat on health has not been well clarified in vivo.

METHODS AND RESULTS

This study finds that compared to the high-sodium group (HS), serum renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II, and the levels of some indicators of dyslipidemia are decreased in the reduced salt by partial substitution of NaCl with KCl group (RS + K). Furthermore, RS + K increases the antioxidation abilities, inhibits the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) through ACE/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor axis pathway, reduces synthesis of triglyceride and cholesterol and protein expressions of inflammatory factors interleukin-17A and nuclear factor-kappa B in the liver.

CONCLUSION

Partial substitution of NaCl with KCl in cooked meat can be a feasible approach for improving the health benefits and developing novel functional meat products for nutritional health interventions.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo polysaccharide and its multilayer emulsion protect skin photoaging

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo is traditionally used to treat skin diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and other diseases. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) are the main component of Dendrobium officinale that accounts for its bioactivity, which shows a variety of effects such as moisturizing, antioxidant and anti-fatigue. However, there is no comprehensive study on the effect of DOP on skin photoaging combined with in vitro and in vivo models, and its specific mechanism is still unclear.

AIM OF THE STUDY

Our study aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of DOP on skin photoaging, as well as to improve the stability and transdermal absorption of DOP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

DOP was extracted, purified and structurally characterized. In vitro HaCaT cell photoaging model was used to examine the photoprotection effect of DOP. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8; Intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined by DCFH-DA; DNA damage, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were examined by flow cytocytometry. For autophagy flux detection, the adenovirus loaded with mRFP-GFP-LC3 was introduced into cells. Further, to enhance the stability and absorption of DOP, we designed and prepared the W/O/W type DOP multilayer emulsions (ME) by a two-step emulsification method. The emulsion stability, drug loading and encapsulation rate, DOP stability and DOP transdermal rate were detected. In vivo photoaging animal model was applied to compare the difference of photoaging protection effect between DOP solution and DOP ME. Specifically, skin appearance, histological change, antioxidant system, proinflammatory indicators, matrix metalloproteinases and autophagy level of skin tissues were examined and compared.

RESULTS

The results showed that DOP achieve photoaging protection by inhibiting oxidative stress, alleviating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and enhancing autophagy flux in photoaged HaCaT cells. The W/O/W type DOP multilayer emulsion (ME) with high encapsulation rate and strong stability was found to significantly improve the stability and transdermal absorption of DOP. In addition, our results showed that DOP (ME) remarkably improved skin condition of photoaged mice. Specifically, DOP (ME) enhanced the expression of antioxidant enzymes and autophagy and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases in the skin of photoaged mice as compared with DOP solution.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, DOP was effective in improving skin photoaging, and the DOP multilayer emulsion we designed enhanced the stability and skin absorption of DOP, boosting DOP's protective effect against photoaging.

Chemical Constituents, Bioactivities, and Pharmacological Mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale: A Review of the Past Decade

Dendrobium officinale, a plant in the Orchidaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Sweet and slightly cold in nature, it can invigorate the stomach, promote fluid production, nourish Yin, and dissipate heat. Over the past decade, more than 60 compounds have been derived from D. officinale, including flavonoids, bibenzyl, and phenanthrene. Various studies have explored the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds, which have shown antitumor, hypoglycemic, hypertensive, gastrointestinal-regulatory, visceral organ protection, antiaging, and neurorestorative effects. This paper presents a systematic review of the structural classification, biological activity, and pharmacological mechanisms of different chemical components obtained from D. officinale over the past decade. This review aims to provide a reference for future study and establish a foundation for clinical applications. Furthermore, this review identifies potential shortcomings in current research as well as potential directions and methodologies in future plant research.

The bibenzyl derivatives of Dendrobium officinale prevent UV-B irradiation induced photoaging via SIRT3

Dendrobium officinale is a valuable medicinal herb that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The chemical constituents of D. officinale have attracted much attention and a large number of compounds have been reported including many bibenzyl derivatives. 13 bibenzyl derivatives from D. officinale were sent for molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay and after detection of Mn-SOD and SIRT3 activities in or not in HaCaT cells, it was concluded that bibenzyl derivatives did not directly activate Mn-SOD but promoted SIRT3 proteins. In addition, HaCaT cells were irradiated with UV-B to induce an oxidative stress model in vitro to further verify the effect of bibenzyl derivatives. The results show that bibenzyl derivatives could directly bind to SIRT3, enhance the deacetylation and then activate Mn-SOD, so as to protect UV-B induced skin photoaging.

Traditional Uses and Pharmacologically Active Constituents of Dendrobium Plants for Dermatological Disorders: A Review

Dendrobium Sw. is one of the largest genera in the orchidaceous family and includes 900-2000 species. Among them, more than 80 Dendrobium species have been reported in China. However, there are only six Dendrobium species, namely, D. bigibbum var. superbum (syn. D. phalaenopsis), D. chrysanthum, D. fimbriatum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale (syn. D. candidum), listed in the New Inventory of Existing Cosmetic Ingredients in China Launched. Artificial planting of Dendrobium species has been a great success in China. To better utilize Dendrobium resources for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, we summarize their traditional uses and pharmacologically active compounds for treating dermatological disorders in this review. "Orchidaceae", "Dendrobium", "traditional use", "ethnobotany", "dermatological disorder", and "skin disease" were used as search terms to screen the literature. Cited references were collected between 1970 and 2020 from the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), SciFinder, Google Scholar, and Chinese books. From the search, it was found that there are 22 Dendrobium species with traditional uses in dermatological disorders, and 131 compounds from Dendrobium plants have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiaging, anti-psoriasis, and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities, implying that Dendrobium plants are important resources for the discovery of active compounds and the development of new drugs and cosmetics. D. crepidatum, D. denneanum, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, and D. officinale have been extensively studied. More research on other Dendrobium species is needed. The major active compounds found in Dendrobium species are phenanthrenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Several compounds, such as loddigesiinol A, (S)-5-methoxy-2,4,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, (S)-4-methoxy-2,5,7,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (9R)-1,2,5,9-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-homocrepidine A, and vicenin 2, have significant anti-inflammatory activities and inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values less than 5 μM, and these compounds are worthy of further study.

Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et. Migo

Dendrobium officinale, a well-known plant used as a medicinal and food homologous product, has been reported to contain various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes, and flavonoids. It is also widely used as a traditional medicine to strengthen “Yin”, nourish heart, tonify five viscera, remove arthralgia, relieve fatigue, thicken stomach, lighten body, and prolong life span. These traditional applications are in consistent with modern pharmacological studies, which have demonstrated that D. officinale exhibits various biological functions, such as cardioprotective, anti-tumor, gastrointestinal protective, anti-diabetes, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, and anti-osteoporosis effects. In this review, we summarize the research progress of D. officinale from November 2016 to May 2021 and aim to better understand the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of D. officinale, as well as its quality control and safety. This work presents the development status of D. officinale, analyzes gaps in the current research on D. officinale, and raises the corresponding solutions to provide references and potential directions for further studies of D. officinale.

Combined Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography for Separation and Purification of Three Glycoside Compounds from Dendrobium officinale Protocorm

As an alternative to Dendrobium candidum, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium candidum are of great value due to their high yield and low cost. In this work, three glycoside compounds, β-D-glucopyranose 1-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoat] (I), β-D-glucopyranose 1-[(E)-3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoat] (II), and 1-O-sinapoyl glucopyranoside (III), were extracted and isolated by ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) coupled with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) from PLBs of D. officinale. First, the target compounds were optimized and prepared with 50% ethanol solution at a 1:30 (g/mL) solid/liquid ratio in 2 min under 300 MPa by UPE. Then, the crude extract was chromatographed with a silica gel column, and primary separation products were obtained. In addition, the products (150 mg) were separated by HSCCC under the solvent system of MTBE-n-butyl alcohol-acetonitrile-water (5:1:2:6, v/v/v/v), yielding 31.43 mg of compound I, 10.21 mg of compound II, and 24.75 mg of compound III. Their structures were further identified by ESI-MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR. The antioxidant results showed that the three compounds expressed moderate effects on the DPPH· scavenging effect. Compound II had the best antioxidant capacity and its IC₅₀ value was 0.0497 mg/mL.

Current advances of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides in dermatology: a literature review

Context

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae) is a naturally occurring precious traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) originally used in treating yin-deficiency diseases. The main active substances of Dendrobium officinale are polysaccharides (DOP). Recent findings highlighted the potential of DOP as a promising natural material for medical use with a diversity of pharmaceutical effects.

Objective

In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the current development and potential pharmacological effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides in dermatology.

Methods

English and Chinese literature from 1987 to 2019 indexed in databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, ISI, Scopus and CNKI (Chinese) was used. Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, phytochemistry, chemical constituents, biological activities, and pharmacological activities were used as the key words.

Results

Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides have been found to possess hair growth promoting, skin moisturising and antioxidant effects, which are highly valued by doctors and cosmetic engineers. We highlighted advances in moisturising and antioxidant properties from in vivo and in vitro studies. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides exhibited strong antioxidant effects by decreasing free radicals, enhancing antioxidant system, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B and down-regulating inflammatory response.

Conclusions

Our review is a foundation to inspire further research to facilitate the application of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides in dermatology and promote active research of the use of TCM in dermatology.