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Plotnikov MB, Zibareva LN, Vasil'ev AS, Aliev OI, Anishchenko AM, Maslov MY. Antihyperglycaemic, haemorheological and antioxidant activities of Lychnis chalcedonica L. extract in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0028/jcim-2017-0028.xml. [PMID: 31707360 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background New therapeutic strategies, such as the use of agents to correct rheological disorders, are needed for the prevention and treatment of angiopathy in diabetic patients. The aim of this work was to study the antihyperglycaemic, haemorheologic and antioxidant activities of an extract from the flowering plant Lychnis chalcedonica L. (ELC) and 20-hydroxyecdysone using the streptozotocin-induced model of diabetic rats. Methods The streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes was produced using streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg (ip). Animals from the experimental groups were treated with ELC (150 mg/kg) or 20-hydroxyecdysone (1.1 mg/kg) intragastrically in 1% aqueous starch mucilage daily, for 14 days; rats of control groups received an equal volume of starch mucilage. The following parameters were measured: glucose concentration (GC) in blood, whole blood viscosity (WBV), conjugated dienes in RBC membranes. Macro- and microrheological indicators (viz. plasma viscosity, haematocrit, RBC aggregation (T1/2) and the RBC elongation index (EI)) were additionally measured in rats that received ELC, and in the control group. Results After treatment with ELC, the GC in rats was 19% lower than that in the control group (14.7 ± 0.9 mM compared to 18.2 ± 1.1 mM). Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes have hyperviscosity syndrome, which is characterized by increased WBV, increased RBC aggregation and decreased deformability. ELC treatment reduced WBV at shear rates of 10-90 s-1 by 5-8%, and T1/2 and EI in the experimental group were 31% and 5-10% higher compared to the control group. 20-Hydroxyecdysone decreased WBV at shear rates of 10-90 s-1 by 3-11%. Finally, ELC and 20-hydroxyecdysone lowered the content of conjugated dienes by 27% and by 26% compared to the control groups. Conclusion In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, ELC showed measurable antihyperglycaemic activity; ELC and 20-hydroxyecdysone demonstrated similar haemorheological, and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa N Zibareva
- Department of Phytochemistry and Experimental Pharmacology, Siberian Botanical Garden, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aleksander S Vasil'ev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg I Aliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna M Anishchenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Maslov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,USA
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Tarkowská D, Strnad M. Plant ecdysteroids: plant sterols with intriguing distributions, biological effects and relations to plant hormones. PLANTA 2016; 244:545-555. [PMID: 27339274 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review summarises current knowledge of phytoecdysteroids' biosynthesis, distribution within plants, biological importance and relations to plant hormones. Plant ecdysteroids (phytoecdysteroids) are natural polyhydroxylated compounds that have a four-ringed skeleton, usually composed of either 27 carbon atoms or 28-29 carbon atoms (biosynthetically derived from cholesterol or other plant sterols, respectively). Their physiological roles in plants have not yet been confirmed and their occurrence is not universal. Nevertheless, they are present at high concentrations in various plant species, including commonly consumed vegetables, and have a broad spectrum of pharmacological and medicinal properties in mammals, including hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects, and anabolic effects on skeletal muscle, without androgenic side-effects. Furthermore, phytoecdysteroids can enhance stress resistance by promoting vitality and enhancing physical performance; thus, they are considered adaptogens. This review summarises current knowledge of phytoecdysteroids' biosynthesis, distribution within plants, biological importance and relations to plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Sláma K, Zhylitskaya H. Comprehensive physiology and toxicology of ecdysogens--The metabolically activated porphyrin-ecdysteroid complexes in insects. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 181-182:55-67. [PMID: 26802554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The polyhydroxylated derivatives of 6-keto,7-dehydrocholesterol (ecdysone, ecdysteroids, Ecd) are natural compounds widely distributed in plants. They exhibit strong anabolic, vitamin D-like, pharmacological effects in vertebrate animals and in the human body. In the larval stages of insects, injections of pure Ecd cause serious pathophysiological, "hyperecdysonic" syndromes associated with neuromuscular paralysis, premature cuticular apolysis and complete inhibition of ecdysis. Ecds do not penetrate insect cuticle. For this reason, all previous attempts to induce ecdysone responses by topical applications of Ecd failed. In this work, we tried to induce the topical effects of Ecd by preparation of more lipophilic complexes, with 2 or 4 molecules of 20-hydroxyecdysone (E20) attached to a relatively large nucleus of the porphyrin. The resulting porphyrin-E20 complexes (ecdysogens) have been subjected to standardised assays for ecdysone activity in the ligatured larvae ("dauerlarvae") of the greater waxmoth (Galleria mellonella). Similarly like the free E20 alone, porphyrin-E20 complexes had no effect when applied on the body surface or administered in the larval diet. When injected, however, they exhibited delayed effects, but the adverse ("hyperecdysonic") pathophysiological syndromes were reduced or abolished. It is concluded, therefore, that the replacement of pathophysiological, precocious or "hyperecdysonic" moults by the larval-pupal transformation, was due to successive metabolic liberation of the biologically active, free E20 from the porphyrin-E20 complex. The biological status of Ecd does not agree with their definition as the prothoracic gland (PG) hormone of insects, nor with the assumptions about a growth hormone of plants. A possibility that the most important status of Ecd may depend on the pharmacological properties of a sterolic D6 vitamin has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Sláma
- Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Drnovská 507, 16100, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Halina Zhylitskaya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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Duckstein SM, Stintzing FC. Comprehensive Study of the Phenolics and Saponins fromHelleborus nigerL. Leaves and Stems by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:276-98. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wu P, Xie H, Tao W, Miao S, Wei X. Phytoecdysteroids from the rhizomes of Brainea insignis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:975-981. [PMID: 20347104 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytoecdysteroid glucosides, brainesterosides A-E, were isolated from the rhizomes of Brainea insignis along with three known phytoecdysteroids, ponasteroside A, ponasterone A, and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. A possible biogenetic pathway is postulated for these compounds. The chemosystematic significance of ponasterone A is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Key laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
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Colombo ML, Tome' F, Servettaz O, Bugatti C. Phytochemical evaluation of Helleborus Species Growing in Northern Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209009082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Colombo ML, Tome F. Ecdysteroid Production in Helleborus odorus ssp. laxus: Response to Different Environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209309082959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Colombo
- 1st. Scienze Farmacologiche, Universita di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - F. Tome
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Soriano IR, Riley IT, Potter MJ, Bowers WS. Phytoecdysteroids: a novel defense against plant-parasitic nematodes. J Chem Ecol 2005; 30:1885-99. [PMID: 15609826 DOI: 10.1023/b:joec.0000045584.56515.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), is a major molting hormone of invertebrates, possibly including nematodes. As 20E is inducible in spinach, the defensive role against plant-parasitic nematodes was investigated. The effects of direct application on nematodes was assessed by treating cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, juveniles with concentrations of 20E from 8.2 x 10(-8) to 5.2 x 10(-5) M before applying to Triticum aestivum growing in sand. H. avenae, Heterodera schachtii (sugarbeet cyst nematode), Meloidogyne javanica (root-knot nematode), and Pratylenchus neglectus (root lesion nematode) were treated with 5.2 x 10(-5) 20E and incubated in moist sand. To test the protective effects of 20E in plants, the latter three nematodes were applied to Spinacia oleracea in which elevated concentrations of 20E had been induced by methyl jasmonate. Abnormal molting, immobility, reduced invasion, impaired development, and death occurred in nematodes exposed to 20E either directly at concentration above 4.2 x 10(-7) M or in plants. Phytoecdysteroid was found to protect spinach from plant-parasitic nematodes and may confer a mechanism for nematode resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda R Soriano
- Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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Zibareva L, Volodin V, Saatov Z, Savchenko T, Whiting P, Lafont R, Dinan L. Distribution of phytoecdysteroids in the Caryophyllaceae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 64:499-517. [PMID: 12943768 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Certain genera within the Caryophyllaceae (especially Silene and Lychnis) have received a significant amount of attention with regard to the isolation and identification of ecdysteroids. However, the taxonomy of this family is difficult. Hence, the occurrence of phytoecdysteroids in members of the Caryophyllaceae is presented, and combined with new data on ecdysteroid agonist (phytoecdysteroid) and antagonist activities, in order to survey the distribution of phytoecdysteroid-containing species within this large family, and to assess the utility of phytoecdysteroids as chemotaxonomic markers. The new data presented (representing ca. 110 species) have been obtained by the application of sensitive biological/biochemical methods for the detection of ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists, using Drosophila melanogaster B(II) bioassay and ecdysteroid-specific immunoassays. In the antagonist version of the B(II) bioassay, only weak ecdysteroid antagonist activities were detected in a few of the extracts. From both new and previously available data, it was found that phytoecdysteroids were present predominantly in the Genera Lychnis, Petrocoptis, Sagina and Silene. Comparison of ecdysteroid occurrence with a molecular phylogeny for the tribe Sileneae [Taxon 44 (1995) 525] revealed close association of ecdysteroid occurrence with certain groups of this tribe. In 14 species of Silene examined, there is a reasonable, but not absolute, relationship between the presence of ecdysteroids in the seeds and in other plant parts. Where ecdysteroids are present in the plant, highest concentrations are generally present in the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Zibareva
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Siberian Botanical Garden, State University of Tomsk, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Thummel CS, Chory J. Steroid signaling in plants and insects--common themes, different pathways. Genes Dev 2002; 16:3113-29. [PMID: 12502734 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1042102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl S Thummel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112 USA
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Dinan L, Savchenko T, Whiting P. Chemotaxonomic significance of ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists in the Ranunculaceae: phytoecdysteroids in the genera Helleborus and Hepatica. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(01)00068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Phytoecdysteroids are a family of about 200 plant steroids related in structure to the invertebrate steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. Typically, they are C27, C28 or C29 compounds possessing a 14alpha-hydroxy-7-en-6-one chromophore and A/B-cis ring fusion (5beta-H). In the present review, the distribution, biosynthesis, biological significance and potential applications of phytoecdysteroids are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Dinan L, Bourne P, Whiting P. Phytoecdysteroid profiles in seeds of Sida spp. (Malvaceae). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:110-119. [PMID: 11705239 DOI: 10.1002/pca.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Procedures are presented for the assessment of the phytoecdysteroid profiles in small plant samples (ca. 25 mg), using seeds of Sida spp. as an example. The procedures are suitable for the analysis of minute or valuable samples and provide copious information for chemotaxonomic purposes. Methanolic extracts of the plant material, after partitioning against hexane, were separated by reversed-phase gradient HPLC monitored by PAD, RIA and bioassay. Aliquots of the fractions were also treated with Helix pomatia hydrolases, followed by RIA and bioassay, in order to assess the presence of hydrolysable ecdysteroid conjugates. Further information could also be obtained by separation of samples using normal-phase gradient HPLC. Among 11 species of Sida examined, seed extracts of S. acuta (= S. carpinifolia) and S. rhombifolia were found to contain significant amounts of ecdysteroids, seed extracts of S. filicaulis contained only moderate levels, whilst the remaining species showed no detectable levels of ecdysteroids. The ecdysteroid profiles of the extracts of the three positive species were significantly different, demonstrating that phytoecdysteroids have chemotaxonomic value in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4PS, UK.
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Savchenko T, Whiting P, Germade A, Dinan L. Ecdysteroid agonist and antagonist activities in species of the Solanaceae. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2000; 28:403-419. [PMID: 10725598 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(99)00082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it has been shown that certain withanolides from Iochroma gesnerioides (Solanaceae) possess ecdysteroid antagonistic activity. Phytoecdysteroids (agonists) are widely distributed in the plant world, but solanaceous species have not been extensively examined for their presence. We have now surveyed 128 species of solanaceous plants for the presence of ecdysteroid agonist and antagonist activities using the Drosophila melanogaster B(II) cell line bioassay. Only weak antagonistic activity was associated with a few of the methanolic extracts, including those from species known to contain high levels of withanolides. Therefore, the major withanolides are inactive per se, but they may be activated after ingestion by invertebrate predators. Several extracts possessed ecdysteroid agonist activity as a consequence of the presence of phytoecdysteroids. Phytoecdysteroid-accumulating species are at least as common in the Solanaceae as they are in plants in general. Preliminary characterization of the identities of the phytoecdysteroids present in the most active extracts has been performed by hplc separations on normal- and reversed-phase systems in conjunction with ecdysteroid-specific radioimmunoassay and bioassay. Each of the phytoecdysteroid-accumulating species examined (Browallia speciosa, Nierembergia hippomanica var violacea, N. solanacea and Solanum nigrum) contain a cocktail of ecdysteroids, of which 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B (5beta,20-dihydroxyecdysone) are major components.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Savchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
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Descoins C, Marion-Poll F. Electrophysiological responses of gustatory sensilla of Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) larvae to three ecdysteroids: ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 45:871-876. [PMID: 12770279 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(99)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Specialised phytophagous Lepidoptera such as Bombyx mori and Pieris brassicae have contact chemoreceptors that perceive ecdysteroids at very low concentrations. This sensory perception allows them to feed on substrates with a high content of phytoecdysteroids. We have evaluated if a polyphagous insect like Mamestra brassicae does possess contact chemoreceptor cells that are sensitive to these molecules. Electrophysiological recordings were performed from contact chemoreceptors located on the maxilla. These receptors were stimulated with some sugars, amino acids and salts and with three ecdysteroids. Our results demonstrate that a specific cell within the lateral sensilla responds to 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A but not to ecdysone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Descoins
- INRA, Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs chimiques, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026, Versailles, France
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Dinan L, Sarker SD, Bourne P, Whiting P, Sik V, Rees HH. Phytoecdysteroids in seeds and plants of Rhagodia baccata (Labill.) Moq. (Chenopodiaceae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 41:18-23. [PMID: 10331237 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1999)41:1<18::aid-arch4>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of Rhagodia baccata afforded, in addition to 20-hydroxy-ecdysone and polypodine B, a novel phytoecdysteroid, (20R)-22-deoxy-20,21-dihydroxyecdysone, the structure of which was elucidated unequivocally by UV, LSIMS and NMR techniques. This compound possessed agonistic activity in the Drosophila melanogaster BII cell bioassay, with an ED50 value of 2.0 x 10(-7)M (ED50 value for 20-hydroxyecdysone = 7.5 x 10(-9)M). The distribution of ecdysteroids in plants of R. baccata has been determined. Highest levels are associated with the youngest aerial tissues and with the roots. Ecdysteroid profiles are qualitatively very similar throughout the plant, with 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B predominating in all plant parts tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Devon, U.K.
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Savchenko T, Whiting P, Šik V, Underwood E, Sarker SD, Dinan L. Distribution and identities of phytoecdysteroids in the genus Briza (Gramineae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(98)00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Savchenko T, Whiting P, Sarker SD, Dinan L. Distribution and identity of phytoecdysteroids in Gomphrena spp. (Amaranthaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(97)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The search for antitumor compounds from Southeast Asian plants led to ponasterones, the first phytoecdysteroids, just a year after structure determination of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. An independent study of Chinese herb constituents by Takemoto et al. at Tohoku University led to the simultaneous and totally independent discovery of phytoecdysteroids. These findings greatly facilitated research in insect and crustacean physiology. The original structural studies on various phytoecdysteroids have led to interdisciplinary bioorganic studies in the area related to ecdysone receptor, ecdysone biosynthetic precursor (or its storage form), crustacean molt inhibitory factors, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Murakami T, Tanaka N. Occurrence, Structure and Taxonomic Implications of Fern Constituents. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE / PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8999-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The identification of ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) in 3 species of molluscs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01959769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The role of phytoecdysteroids in bracken fern,Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn as a defense against phytophagous insect attack. J Chem Ecol 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00988049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hikino H, Hikino Y. Arthropod molting hormones. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1970; 28:256-312. [PMID: 4950981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7123-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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