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Ahmadi SS, Bagherzadeh O, Sargazi M, Kalantar F, Najafi MAE, Vahedi MM, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in neuroblastoma. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 39189819 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are the most common solid tumors outside of the brain that originate from immature neural crest cells, accounting for about 10% of all pediatric malignancies. The treatment for neuroblastomas involves a multimodal schedule, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All these modalities are limited by side effects that might be severe, poor prognosis, and a high risk of recurrence. In the quest for additional therapeutic approaches, phytochemicals have attracted attention owing to their reported antitumor properties, safety, and multimechanistic mode of action. Several studies have used plant-derived bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids, suggesting modulation of biomolecules and signal transduction pathways involved in neuroblastoma. We reviewed the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effects of phytochemicals on neuroblastoma, shedding light on their molecular mechanism of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Bagherzadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Sargazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kalantar
- Departman of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Elahi Najafi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Hani U, Kidwan FN, Albarqi LA, Al-Qahtani SA, AlHadi RM, AlZaid HA, Haider N, Ansari MA. Biogenic silver nanoparticle synthesis using orange peel extract and its multifaceted biomedical application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:1363-1375. [PMID: 38740634 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to employ an agro-industrial byproduct, specifically Citrus sinensis peels, as a reservoir of polyphenols. The natural chemicals present in C. sinensis peels serve as reducing agents in an environmentally benign method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This methodology not only provides a more environmentally friendly method for synthesizing nanoparticles but also enhances the value of agricultural waste, emphasizing the sustainable utilization of resources. In our study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using peel aqueous exact of C. sinensis and then their various biological activity has been investigated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Furthermore, their effectiveness in inhibiting growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans has been investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. coli and S. aureus were both 32 μg/mL, and for C. albicans, it was 128 µg/mL. At 250 µg/mL of AgNPs, 94% and 92% biofilm inhibition were observed against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, AgNPs demonstrated significant toxic effects against human prostate cancer cell line DU145 as investigated by anti-apoptotic, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) assays. We also conducted uptake analysis on these pathogens and cancer cell lines to preliminarily investigate the mechanisms underlying their toxic effects. These findings confirm that AgNPs can serve as a cost-effective, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly resource for green synthesis of medicinal AgNPs. Moreover, this approach offers an alternative recycling strategy that contributes to the sustainable use of biological by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawziah Nasser Kidwan
- Department of Doctor of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Ahmed Albarqi
- Department of Doctor of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruba Muhammad AlHadi
- Department of Doctor of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Abdullah AlZaid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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Hou PW, Liu SC, Tsay GJ, Chang YS, Huang HC, Tang CH, Chang HH. High-dose Tiger-Gian formula protects the knee joint from surgically induced osteoarthritis in rats. Int J Rheum Dis 2023; 26:316-326. [PMID: 36401840 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although the Tiger-Gian formula (TGF) has proven clinically effective at improving the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of TGF have not been examined in any animal model. This study assessed the effects of TGF in male Sprague-Dawley rats with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) -induced KOA. METHODS Thirty rats underwent ACLT surgery and were assigned to either the control group, ACLT alone, ACLT + low-dose TGF (1000 mg/kg), ACLT + high-dose TGF (3000 mg/kg), or ACLT + celecoxib (30 mg/kg). All rats were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), weight-bearing behavioral testing, and histological inspections of the knee joint for evidence of structural changes in articular bone, cartilage and synovium. RESULTS After 6 weeks, force discrepancies in weight-bearing distribution between the normal hind and postoperative limbs revealed superiority with high-dose TGF (18.00 ± 5.93 g) and celecoxib (18.68 ± 5.29 g) versus both ACLT alone (41.29 ± 7.06 g) and low-dose TGF (37.00 ± 7.40 g). Micro-CT images revealed that high-dose TGF and celecoxib similarly improved subchondral bone architecture, protected articular cartilage after ACLT, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the cartilage and synovial sections. CONCLUSION High-dose TGF induced the smallest amount of KOA-associated bone loss. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory effects of TGF were accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokines and improvements in pain and function. TGF-induced anti-osteoporotic activity and inhibition of cartilage degradation were reflected by micro-CT and histological analysis. The findings help to explain how TGF alleviates symptoms of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Wei Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Tsay
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sun L, Xu J, Nasrullah, Wang L, Nie Z, Huang X, Sun J, Ke F. Comprehensive studies of biological characteristics, phytochemical profiling, and antioxidant activities of two local citrus varieties in China. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1103041. [PMID: 36761227 PMCID: PMC9905102 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus is widely grown all over the world, and citrus fruits have long been recognized for their nutritional and medical value for human health. However, some local citrus varieties with potentially important value are still elusive. In the current study, we elucidated the biological characteristics, phylogenetic and phytochemical profiling, antioxidants and antioxidant activities of the two local citrus varieties, namely Zangju and Tuju. The physiological and phylogenetic analysis showed that Zangju fruit has the characteristics of wrinkled skin, higher acidity, and phylogenetically closest to sour mandarin Citrus sunki, whereas, Tuju is a kind of red orange with vermilion peel, small fruit and high sugar content, and closely clustered with Citrus erythrosa. The phytochemical analysis showed that many nutrition and antioxidant related differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected in the peel and pulp of Zangju and Tuju fruits. Furthermore, it was found that the relative abundance of some key flavonoids and phenolic acids, such as tangeritin, sinensetin, diosmetin, nobiletin, and sinapic acid in the peel and pulp of Zangju and Tuju were higher than that in sour range Daidai and satsuma mandarin. Additionally, Zangju pulp and Tuju peel showed the strongest ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, whereas, Tuju peel and pulp showed the strongest DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities, respectively. Moreover, both the antioxidant activities of peel and pulp were significantly correlated with the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids or ascorbic acid. These results indicate that the two local citrus varieties have certain nutritional and medicinal value and potential beneficial effects on human health. Our findings will also provide an important theoretical basis for further conservation, development and medicinal utilization of Zangju and Tuju.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Sun
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Nasrullah
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luoyun Wang
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhenpeng Nie
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiu Huang
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
| | - Fuzhi Ke
- Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
- National Center for Citrus Variety Improvement, Taizhou, China
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Kang JI, Choi YK, Han SC, Kim HG, Hong SW, Kim J, Kim JH, Hyun JW, Yoo ES, Kang HK. Limonin, a Component of Immature Citrus Fruits, Activates Anagen Signaling in Dermal Papilla Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245358. [PMID: 36558517 PMCID: PMC9787355 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss remains a significant problem that is difficult to treat; therefore, there is a need to identify safe natural materials that can help patients with hair loss. We evaluated the hair anagen activation effects of limonin, which is abundant in immature citrus fruits. Limonin increased the proliferation of rat dermal papilla cells (rDPC) by changing the levels of cyclin D1 and p27, and increasing the number of BrdU-positive cells. Limonin increased autophagy by decreasing phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin levels and increasing the phospho-Raptor, ATG7 and LC3B. Limonin also activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by increasing phospho-β-catenin levels. XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, inhibited these limonin-induced changes, including induced autophagy, BrdU-positive cells, and cell proliferation. Limonin increased the phosphorylated AKT levels in both two-dimensional cultured rDPC and three-dimensional spheroids. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited limonin-induced proliferation, and disrupted other limonin-mediated changes, including decreased p27, increased BrdU-positive cells, induced autophagy, and increased ATG7 and LC3B levels. Wortmannin also inhibited limonin-induced cyclin D1 and LC3 expression in spheroids. Collectively, these results indicate that limonin can enhance anagen signaling by activating autophagy via targeting the Wnt/β-catenin and/or PI3K/AKT pathways in rDPC, highlighting a candidate nutrient for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Choi
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyu Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Hong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3846; Fax: +82-64-702-2687
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Ham YM, Yoon SA, Hyeon H, Hyun HB, Kim SC, Go B, Jung YH, Yoon WJ. Clinical Evidence of Effects of Green Mandarin (Putgyul) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071352. [PMID: 35405965 PMCID: PMC9002563 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Green mandarins are widely consumed unripe as mandarin oranges (Citrus unshiu Marcov.), which exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to verify the skin improvement efficacy and safety of green mandarin extract (PTE). For the standardization of PTE, narirutin was set as a marker compound, and PTE with a constant narirutin content was prepared for the study. After randomizing subjects with periorbital wrinkles, they were orally administered PTE (300 mg/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Periorbital wrinkles were measured using PRIMOSCR SF. Skin elasticity, moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and gloss were also measured. In the study results, the depth, volume, and skin roughness of the periorbital wrinkles were significantly improved compared to the control group (p = 0.011, 0.009, and 0.004, respectively). The survey confirmed that the skin condition improved after PTE consumption for 12 weeks. No adverse reactions associated with PTE were observed during the study period. Thus, the results demonstrate that PTE effectively improves UV-induced skin wrinkles. Therefore, it is considered that PTE has sufficient value as a functional food ingredient that can prevent skin aging.
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Extracts of Fruit Peel of Citrus tangerina, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limon for Antibacterial Activities. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:6695734. [PMID: 33623527 PMCID: PMC7872778 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6695734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide application of nanoparticles motivates the need for synthesising them. Here, a nontoxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method has been established for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using extracts of lemon peel (Citrus limon), green orange peel (Citrus sinensis), and orange peel (Citrus tangerina). The synthesised nanoparticles have been characterised using UV-visible absorptionspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The UV-visible absorption spectrum of these synthesised silver nanoparticles shows an absorption peak at around 440 nm. TEM images show different shaped particles with various sizes. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was appraised by a well-diffusion method and it was observed that the green synthesised silver nanoparticles have an effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The outcome of this study could be beneficial for nanotechnology-based biomedical applications.
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Dietary immature Citrus unshiu alleviates UVB- induced photoaging by suppressing degradation of basement membrane in hairless mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04218. [PMID: 32577577 PMCID: PMC7303560 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces physiological and morphological skin damage, resulting in skin dryness, wrinkle formation, and loss of elasticity. The basement membrane (BM) has been shown to play crucial roles in binding epidermis to dermis tightly, regulating cell differentiation and proliferation, and signaling protein production. Dietary flavonoids have been revealed to improve the damage caused by UV exposure. Immature Citrus unshiu is known to contain high concentrations of flavonoids such as hesperidin and narirutin. In this study, the effects of immature Citrus unshiu powder (ICP) on photoaged skin were demonstrated using UVB irradiated hairless mice. Oral administration of ICP improved loss of skin hydration and increase of transepidermal water loss. The histological analyses of hairless mice dorsal skin revealed that oral administration of ICP improved UVB-induced overgrowth of epidermal cell, suppressed epidermal cell mortality and BM destruction. Therefore, the administration of ICP could improve photoaging by protecting the tissues around BM.
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9
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Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:651-715. [PMID: 32180036 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 733] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants had a growing interest owing to their protective roles in food and pharmaceutical products against oxidative deterioration and in the body and against oxidative stress-mediated pathological processes. Screening of antioxidant properties of plants and plant-derived compounds requires appropriate methods, which address the mechanism of antioxidant activity and focus on the kinetics of the reactions including the antioxidants. Many studies evaluating the antioxidant activity of various samples of research interest using different methods in food and human health have been conducted. These methods are classified, described, and discussed in this review. Methods based on inhibited autoxidation are the most suited for termination-enhancing antioxidants and for chain-breaking antioxidants, while different specific studies are needed for preventive antioxidants. For this purpose, the most common methods used in vitro determination of antioxidant capacity of food constituents were examined. Also, a selection of chemical testing methods was critically reviewed and highlighted. In addition, their advantages, disadvantages, limitations and usefulness were discussed and investigated for pure molecules and raw extracts. The effect and influence of the reaction medium on the performance of antioxidants are also addressed. Hence, this overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant methods for the food, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplement industries. In addition, the most important advantages and shortcomings of each method were detected and highlighted. The chemical principles of these methods are outlined and critically discussed. The chemical principles of methods of 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) radical (ABTS·+) scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging, Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing power assay (Cuprac), Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity (FCR assay), peroxyl radical (ROO·), superoxide radical anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical (OH·) scavenging assay, singlet oxygen (1O2) quenching assay, nitric oxide radical (NO·) scavenging assay and chemiluminescence assay are outlined and critically discussed. Also, the general antioxidant aspects of main food components were discussed by a number of methods, which are currently used for the detection of antioxidant properties of food components. This review consists of two main sections. The first section is devoted to the main components in the food and pharmaceutical applications. The second general section comprises some definitions of the main antioxidant methods commonly used for the determination of the antioxidant activity of components. In addition, some chemical, mechanistic and kinetic basis, and technical details of the used methods are given.
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Hossain MA, Mizanur Rahman S. Structure characterization and quantification of a new isoflavone from the arial parts of Phyllanthus niruri. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Yun Y, Park SH, Kim I. Antioxidant effect of Kimchi supplemented with Jeju citrus concentrate and its antiobesity effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2740-2746. [PMID: 31428362 PMCID: PMC6694420 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus is cultivated throughout Jeju Island and is thought to possess some medicinal properties. Citrus concentrate is the most extensively utilized form of citrus in the food industry. In this study, antioxidant and antiobesity effects of Kimchi supplemented with citrus concentrate were investigated. Prepared Kimchi was infused with 7% citrus concentrate (CK) and freeze-dried for analysis. Normal Kimchi (NK) without citrus concentrate was utilized as a control. Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were examined. Cytotoxicity, intracellular triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were also measured. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation were trialed by measuring the oil-red O (ORO)-stained cells. TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of CK were significantly higher than those of NK (p < .05). CK showed less cytotoxicity and attenuated the lipid accumulation at all concentrations by reducing TG and TC levels compared to NK. The inhibitory effect of CK on lipid accumulation was observed via reducing ORO-stained lipid droplets. Consequently, the antioxidant and antiobesity effects of CK were revealed in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of citrus may provide competitive price due to low production costs as well as health functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye‐Rang Yun
- Industrial Technology Research Group, Research and Development DivisionWorld Institute of KimchiGwangjuKorea
| | - Sung-Hee Park
- Industrial Technology Research Group, Research and Development DivisionWorld Institute of KimchiGwangjuKorea
| | - In‐Hwan Kim
- Jeju in Jeju Farm CorporationSeogwipo‐siKorea
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Effect of Heat Treatment on the Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity in Selected Dry Beans and Nuts. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Anti-Photoaging Effect of Jeju Putgyul (Unripe Citrus) Extracts on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Ultraviolet B-induced Hairless Mouse Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102052. [PMID: 28946661 PMCID: PMC5666734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory cytokines. These signaling pathways participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and induce inflammatory responses that lead to photoaging. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the effect on MMPs and procollagen of putgyul extract in vitro. The anti-photoaging activity of putgyul extracts was estimated in vivo using hairless mice (HR-1). The putgyul extracts reduced MMP-1 production and increased the content of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal peptide in human dermal fibroblasts. Ultravilot-B (UVB)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs was detected in mice, and putgyul extracts suppressed the expression. These results suggest that putgyul extract inhibits photoaging by inhibiting the expression of MMPs that degrade collagen and inhibiting cytokines that induce inflammatory responses. The mouse model also demonstrated that oral administration of putgyul extracts decreased wrinkle depth, epidermal thickness, collagen degradation, and trans-epidermal water loss, and increased β-glucosidase activity on UVB exposed skin. Putgyul extract protects against UVB-induced damage of skin and could be valuable in the prevention of photoaging.
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14
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Ekanayake P, Lee YD, Lee J. Antioxidant Activity of Flesh and Skin of Eptatretus Burgeri (Hag Fish) and Enedrias Nebulosus (White Spotted Eel). FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013204044822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts, previously extracted with methanol, were obtained from flesh and skin of Eptatretus burgeri (hag fish) and Enedrias nebulosus (white spotted eel). Eight different extracts (4 mg/mL) were tested for DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the values were compared with commercial antioxidants (α-tocopherol and BHT). All extracts of E. burgeri exhibited significantly positive results (> 65%) in scavenging DPPH radicals compared to E. nebulosus. Thus, only E. burgeri extracts were tested for dose effect, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide scavenging assays and heat stability at 25, 50, 75 and 100 °C for 30 min. All extracts of E. burgeri showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activities by increasing concentration. Significantly higher results were observed for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when compared with commercial antioxidants. Relatively moderate activity and very low activity were exhibited for superoxide scavenging and hydrogen peroxide activities, respectively. Diethyl ether extracts of E. burgeri were stable with increased temperature, while ethyl acetate extracts were stable up to 75 °C. Thus, there is a high potential for E. burgeri being rich with heat-stable antioxidants that can scavenge hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ekanayake
- Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University Ara-Dong, Jeju 690–756, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. D. Lee
- Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Cheju National University Ara-Dong, Jeju 690–756, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Lee
- Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University Ara-Dong, Jeju 690–756, Republic of Korea
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15
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Shim JH, Lee SJ, Gim H, Kim HJ, Han T, Kim JG, Lim EY, Kim YT, Kim BJ. Regulation of the pacemaker activities in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal by Citrus unshiu peel extracts. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3908-16. [PMID: 27572234 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Citrus unshiu peel has been widely used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in Eastern traditional medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Citrus unshiu peel extract (CPE) on the pacemaker activity of the GI tract in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) derived from the mouse small intestine. The whole‑cell patch‑clamp configuration was used to record pacemaker potentials. In current clamp mode, exposure to CPE caused membrane pacemaker depolarization in a concentration‑dependent manner. In the presence of the muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, methoctramine, CPE induced membrane pacemaker depolarization, whereas treatment with the muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide, inhibited CPE‑induced responses. When the pipette solution contained guanosine 5'-(β-thio) diphosphate trilithium salt (1 mM), CPE marginally induced membrane pacemaker depolarization. In addition, CPE‑induced membrane pacemaker depolarization was inhibited following exposure to the active phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U‑73122, but not the inactive PLC inhibitor U‑73343. In the presence of a p42/p44 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (PD98059), a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) or a c‑jun NH2‑terminal kinase (JNK) II inhibitor, CPE failed to induce membrane pacemaker depolarization. These results suggest that CPE may affect GI motility through modulating ICC pacemaker activity by activating the muscarinic M3 receptor and inducing the G‑protein dependent PLC and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Shim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijin Gim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Han
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Goo Kim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeong Lim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Group of Innovative Special Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnamdo 50612, Republic of Korea
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16
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Abstract
If we look at the multitude of varied and interesting reaction that constitute biochemistry and bioorganic chemistry, it is possible to classify a great many as either oxidation or reduction reactions. The reducing agent transfers electrons to another substance and is thus it oxidized. And, because it gives electrons, it is also called an electron donor. Electron donors can also form charge transfer complexes with electron acceptors. Reductants in biochemistry are very diverse. For example ferric ions (Fe(3+)) are good reducing agents. Also, different bioanalytical reduction methods are available such as Fe(3+)-ferrous ions (Fe(2+)) reduction method, ferric reducing antioxidant power reducing assay. In this section, Fe(3+)-Fe(2+) transformation will be discussed. Recently there has been growing interest in research into the role of plant-derived antioxidants in food and human health. The beneficial influence of many foodstuffs and beverages including fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, and cacao on human health has been recently recognized to originate from their antioxidant activity. For this purpose, the most commonly method used in vitro determination of reducing capacity of pure food constituents or plant extracts is Fe(3+) reducing ability. This commonly used reducing power method is reviewed and presented in this study. Also, the general chemistry underlying this assay was clarified. Hence, this overview provides a basis and rationale for developing standardized antioxidant capacity methods for the food, nutraceutical, and dietary supplement industries. In addition, the most important advantages of this method were detected and highlighted. The chemical principles of these methods are outlined and critically discussed. The chemical principles of methods of Fe(3+)-Fe(2+) transformation assay are outlined and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Kimya Bölümü, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey,
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17
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Göçer H, Akıncıoğlu A, Öztaşkın N, Göksu S, Gülçin İ. Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities of Sulfonamide Derivatives of Dopamine-Related Compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:783-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Göçer
- Central Researching Laboratory; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Agri Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Akın Akıncıoğlu
- Central Researching Laboratory; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Agri Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Necla Öztaşkın
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry; Atatürk University; Erzurum Turkey
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18
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Ito A, Shin N, Tsuchida T, Okubo T, Norimoto H. Antianxiety-like effects of Chimpi (dried citrus peels) in the elevated open-platform test. Molecules 2013; 18:10014-23. [PMID: 23966085 PMCID: PMC6270198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180810014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried citrus peels (Chimpi) is one of the most common natural medicines with qi (energy flow) rectifying and shi (dampness) drying actions, which originates from Citrus unshiu, and/or C. reticulata according to the definition of the pharmacopoeiae of Japan and China. In this study, the pharmacological effects of their extracts and major chemical constituents hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on anxiety were examined with an anxiety model of elevated open-platform test using ICR male mice (6-week-old) and total duration of freezing was decreased in fluoxetine-treated mice, which is a simple and highly sensitive to the effects of serotonergic anxiolytics. Moreover, yokukansankachimpihange (YKH), a combination of yokukansan with Chimpi and Hange (Pinellia) was also examined because Chimpi is considered to play a crucial part in this formula against anxious symptoms in dementia patients. The results showed that Chimpi and YKH possess a significant anxiolytic-like effect similar to that of fluoxetine, suggesting that they might be similar to fluoxetine in their pharmacological actions through the serotonergic neurotransmission pathway. Moreover, it also suggested that the major chemical constituent, hesperidin could be an active principle attributed to the antianxiety-like effects with a direct and indirect role via its aglycone hesperetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ito
- Kampo Research Laboratories, Kracie Pharma Ltd., Kanebo machi 3-1, Takaoka City, Toyama 933-0856, Japan.
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Sun Y, Qiao L, Shen Y, Jiang P, Chen J, Ye X. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of physiological drop of citrus fruits. J Food Sci 2013; 78:C37-42. [PMID: 23301602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.03002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of physiological drop of the main citrus species grown in China were investigated. Among the flavonoids, hesperidin was found mostly in mandarin and sweet orange, naringin was found mostly in sour orange, pummelo, grapefruit and a hybrid (Gaocheng), narirutin was found in most varieties, neohesperidin was found in Gaocheng and Huyou, and nobiletin and tangeretin were found in most varieties. Hydroxycinnamic acids were the main phenolic acids present, ferulic acid and caffeic acid were the dominant in most cases. There was a greater amount of free (extractable) than bound (insoluble) phenolic acids. Levels of limonoids were higher in Foyou, Eureka lemon, and Gaocheng than those in the other cultivars. The highest level of synephrine was found in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma. AA was highest in Ponkan and Weizhang Satsuma and lowest in Huyou, pummel, and lemon. These results suggest that physiological drop of citrus fruits have good potential as sources of different bioactive compounds and antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Physiological drop of citrus fruits may be a good resource of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, limonoids, synephrine, and a good material of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Sun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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20
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Gülçin İ, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY. Antioxidant activity of clove oil – A powerful antioxidant source. ARAB J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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21
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Gülçin İ. Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:345-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 965] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Kim BC, Kim YS, Lee JW, Seo JH, Ji ES, Lee H, Park YI, Kim CJ. Protective Effect of Coriolus versicolor Cultivated in Citrus Extract Against Nitric Oxide-Induced Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-MC Cells. Exp Neurobiol 2011; 20:100-9. [PMID: 22110367 PMCID: PMC3213704 DOI: 10.5607/en.2011.20.2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical and a messenger molecule in many physiological functions. However, excessive NO is believed to be a mediator of neurotoxicity. The medicinal plant Coriolus versicolor is known to possess anti-tumor and immune-potentiating activities. In this study, we investigated whether Coriolus versicolor possesses a protective effect against NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC. We utilized 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DNA fragmentation assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and caspase-3 enzyme activity assay in SK-N-MC cells. MTT assay showed that SNP treatment significantly reduces the viability of cells, and the viabilities of cells pre-treated with the aqueous extract of Coriolus versicolor cultivated in citrus extract (CVEcitrus) was increased. However, aqueous extract of Coriolus versicolor cultivated in synthetic medium (CVEsynthetic) showed no protective effect and aqueous citrus extract (CE) had a little protective effect. The cell treated with SNP exhibited several apoptotic features, while those pre-treated for 1 h with CVEcitrus prior to SNP expose showed reduced apoptotic features. The cells pre-treated for 1 h with CVEcitrus prior to SNP expose inhibited p53 and Bax expressions and caspase-3 enzyme activity up-regulated by SNP. We showed that CVEcitrus exerts a protective effect against SNP-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC cells. Our study suggests that CVEcitrus has therapeutic value in the treatment of a variety of NO-induced brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Kim
- Department of Anatomy-Pointology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Seongnam, Korea
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23
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Köksal E, Gülçin I, Beyza S, Sarikaya O, Bursal E. In vitro antioxidant activity of silymarin. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:395-405. [PMID: 18830883 DOI: 10.1080/14756360802188081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, a known standardized extract obtained from seeds of Silybum marianum is widely used in treatment of several diseases of varying origin. In the present paper, we clarified the antioxidant activity of silymarin by employing various in vitro antioxidant assay such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH(.)) scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing ability determination by Fe3+ - Fe2+ transformation method and Cuprac assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging by riboflavin/methionine/illuminate system, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Silymarin inhibited 82.7% lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at 30 microg/mL concentration; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and trolox indicated inhibition of 83.3, 82.1, 68.1 and 81.3% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, silymarin had an effective DPPH(.) scavenging, ABTS(.)+ scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing power by Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing ability by Cuprac method, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Also, BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol and trolox, were used as the reference antioxidant and radical scavenger compounds. Moreover, this study, which clarifies antioxidant mechanism of silymarin, brings new information on the antioxidant properties of silymarin. According to the present study, silymarin had effective in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging activity. It could be used in the pharmacological and food industry because of its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Köksal
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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24
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Semalty M, Semalty A, Joshi G, Rawat M. Comparison of in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum and T. corniculata Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2009.63.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Leamsomron K, Suttajit M, Chantirati P. Flow Injection Analysis System for the Determination of Total Phenolic Compounds by Using Folin-Ciocalteu Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2009.184.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Kuroyanagi M, Ishii H, Kawahara N, Sugimoto H, Yamada H, Okihara K, Shirota O. Flavonoid glycosides and limonoids from Citrus molasses. J Nat Med 2007; 62:107-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Uysal H, Kara AA, Algur OF, Dumlupinar R, Aydogan MN. Recovering effects of aqueous extracts of some selected medical plants on the teratogenic effects during the development of D. melanogaster. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:1708-1712. [PMID: 19086522 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.1708.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study the effects of some selected medical plants (Pimpinella anisum L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Achillea millefolium L., Acorus calamus L., Hypericum perforatum L.) on the development of Drosophila melanogaster have been investigated. When the different concentration of plant extracts were applied to the cultures of Drosophila melanogaster, they did not caused an elongation of metamorphosis of F1 progeny. Furthermore, depending on an increase of plant extract on the application groups, the number of offsprings increased. But this increasing (for application groups no. I, II and IV) was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) according to control group. The highest increase in the total number of offspring of F1 progeny obtained from applications of Acorus calamus extracts and the 10 mL/100 mL medium concentration of the extract of Hypericum perforatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Uysal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Atatürk University, 25240/Erzurum, Turkey
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28
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EKANAYAKE PRASHANIMUDIKA, PARK GEUNTAE, LEE YOUNGDON, KIM SEJAE, JEONG SANGCHUL, LEE JEHEE. ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF EEL (ANGUILLA JAPONICA AND CONGER MYRIASTER) FLESH AND SKIN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4522.2005.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Kamata K, Kobayashi T, Matsumoto T, Kanie N, Oda SI, Kaneda A, Sugiura M. Effects of Chronic Administration of Fruit Extract (Citrus unshiu MARC) on Endothelial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:267-70. [PMID: 15684481 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic administration of fruit extract (Citrus unshiu MARC) on the endothelial dysfunction seen in aortae from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. A ten-week administration of this fruit extract preserved acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, but not sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation, in the diabetic aorta. In age-matched control rats, chronic administration of the fruit extract had no influence on the ACh- or SNP-induced aortic relaxation. The increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels seen in STZ-induced diabetic rats were not normalized by fruit-extract treatment. These results suggest that Citrus unshiu MARC extract preserves endothelial function in the aorta in STZ-induced diabetic rats without lowering plasma cholesterol. This beneficial effect may be due to this extract protecting of nitric oxide against inactivation by oxygen free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuo Kamata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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30
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Jeong SM, Kim SY, Kim DR, Jo SC, Nam KC, Ahn DU, Lee SC. Effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from citrus peels. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:3389-3393. [PMID: 15161203 DOI: 10.1021/jf049899k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from Citrus unshiu peels was evaluated. Citrus peels (CP) (5 g) were placed in Pyrex Petri dishes (8.0 cm diameter) and heat-treated at 50, 100, or 150 degrees C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min in an electric muffle furnace. After heat treatment, 70% ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE) (0.1 g/10 mL) of CP were prepared, and total phenol contents (TPC), radical scavenging activity (RSA), and reducing power of the extracts were determined. The antioxidant activities of CP extracts increased as heating temperature increased. For example, heat treatment of CP at 150 degrees C for 60 min increased the TPC, RSA, and reducing power of EE from 71.8 to 171.0 microM, from 29.64 to 64.25%, and from 0.45 to 0.82, respectively, compared to non-heat-treated control. In the case of WE from CP heat-treated at the same conditions (150 degrees C for 60 min), the TPC, RSA, and reducing power also increased from 84.4 to 204.9 microM, from 15.81 to 58.26%, and from 0.27 to 0.96, respectively. Several low molecular weight phenolic compounds such as 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldoxime, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 2,3-diacetyl-1-phenylnaphthalene, and vanillic acid were newly formed in the CP heated at 150 degrees C for 30 min. These results indicated that the antioxidant activity of CP extracts was significantly affected by heating temperature and duration of treatment on CP and that the heating process can be used as a tool for increasing the antioxidant activity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Moon Jeong
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masan 631-701, Korea
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31
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Lee SE, Shin HT, Hwang HJ, Kim JH. Antioxidant activity of extracts from Alpinia katsumadai seed. Phytother Res 2004; 17:1041-7. [PMID: 14595584 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Alpinia katsumadai (Zingiberaceae) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of conditions such as emesis and gastric disorders. However, very little is known about the cellular actions by which this plant mediates its therapeutic effects. Various aspects of antioxidant activity were evaluated in a total extract derived from Alpinia katsumadai seed in this study. Relatively high levels of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were detected in the total extract (IC(50) 1.6 microgram/mL). Other known compounds such as (-)-epigallocatechine-3-gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol showed IC(50) values of <0.8 and 4.8 microgram/mL, respectively. The total extract also enhanced the viability of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells and inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. The total extract of Alpinia katsumadai also dose-dependently enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in V79-4 cells, and these effects were comparable to other antioxidant compounds such as EGCG and resveratrol. Taken together, our findings show that Alpinia katsumadai contains significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Seoul 130-701, Korea
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32
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Mavi A, Terzi Z, Ozgen U, Yildirim A, Coşkun M. Antioxidant Properties of Some Medicinal Plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae). Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:702-5. [PMID: 15133249 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, reducing powers and the amount of total phenolic compounds of aqueous and/or methanolic extracts of some medicinal plants used in Eastern Turkey were studied. These plants are Prangos ferulacea (CASIR), Sedum sempervivoides (HOROZ LELESI), Malva neglecta (EBEMGUMECI), Cruciata taurica (SARILIK OTU), Rosa pimpinellifolia (KOYUN GOZU), Galium verum subsp. verum (MADAVUR OTU), Urtica dioica (ISIRGAN). The highest peroxidation inhibitions were shown by aqueous extracts of C. taurica and R. pimpinellifolia (IC(50): 0.00022 mg/l and IC(50): 23 mg/l, respectively). However, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power and the amount of phenolic compounds were shown by R. pimpinellifolia. The lowest antioxidant properties were shown by aqueous extract of M. neglecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Mavi
- Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Cho J, Kang JS, Long PH, Jing J, Back Y, Chung KS. Antioxidant and memory enhancing effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin and cordyceps mushroom extract. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:821-5. [PMID: 14609130 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanin (SPA) and Cordyceps mushroom extract (CME) on lipid peroxidation, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and cognitive deficits were examined. Both SPA and CME exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activities with similar potency. In contrast, only SPA was shown to effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe2+ and ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. Furthermore, SPA markedly enhanced cognitive performance, assessed by passive avoidance test in ethanol-treated mice. Combined treatments with SPA and CME did not significantly influence the effects of SPA alone. These results demonstrate that anthocyanin prepared from purple sweet potato exhibits memory enhancing effects, which may be associated with its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0023-6438(02)00226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Kara AA. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rumex crispus L. extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:4083-9. [PMID: 11513714 DOI: 10.1021/jf0103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities, amount of total phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol, and hot water extracts of the leaves and seeds of Rumex crispus L. were studied. The antioxidant activities of extracts increase with increasing amount of extracts (50-150 microg). However, the water extracts of both the leaves and seeds have shown the highest antioxidant activities. Thus, addition of 75 microg of each of the above extracts to the linoleic acid emulsion caused the inhibition of peroxide formation by 96 and 94%, respectively. Although the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of seed was lower than the water extract, the difference between these was not statistically significant, P > 0.05. Unlike the other extracts, 75 microg of the ether extract of seeds was unable to show statistically significant antioxidant activity, P > 0.05 (between this extract and control in that there is no extract in the test sample). Among all of the extracts, the highest amount of total phenolic compound was found in the ethanol extract of seeds, whereas the lowest amount was found in the ether extract of seeds. Like phenolic compounds, the highest reducing power and the highest DPPH scavenging activity were found in the ethanol extract of seeds. However, the reducing activity of the ethanol extract of seeds was approximately 40% that of ascorbic acid, whereas in the presence of 400 microg of water and ethanol extracts of seeds scavenging activities were about 85 and 90%, respectively. There were statistically significant correlations between amount of phenolic compounds and reducing power and between amount of phenolic compounds and percent DPPH scavenging activities (r = 0.99, P < 0.01, and r = 0.864, P < 0.05, respectively) and also between reducing powers and percent DPPH scavenging activities (r = 0.892, P < 0.05). The ether extracts of both the leaves and seeds and ethanol extract of leaves had shown antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. However, none of the water extracts showed antimicrobial activity on the studied microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yildirim
- Kazim Karabekir Egitim Fakültesi, Kimya Egitimi Anabilim Dali, and Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Atatürk Universitesi, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Yildirim A, Mavi A, Oktay M, Kara AA, Algur OF, Bilaloglu V. Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba l.), and black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:5030-5034. [PMID: 11052773 DOI: 10.1021/jf000590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of the water extract of Tilia argentea Desf ex DC was determined by the thiocyanate method. The antioxidant activity of the water extract increased with the increasing amount of lyophilized extract (50-400 microg) added into the linoleic acid emulsion. Statistically significant effect was determined in 100 microg and higher amounts. Antioxidant activities of water extracts of tilia (Tilia argentea Desf ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.), and two Turkish black teas commercially called Rize tea and young shoot tea (Camellia sinensis) were compared. For comparison studies, 100 microg portions of extracts were added into test samples. All samples were able to show statistically significant antioxidant effect. Both of the tea extracts showed highest antioxidant activities, nevertheless, differences between tilia and sage and tilia and tea were not statistically significant (for both cases p > 0.05). Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power of water extract of Tilia argentea Desf ex DC was also concentration dependent. Even in the presence of 50 microg of extract, the reducing power was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05) in which there was no extract. Unlike antioxidant activity, the highest reducing power activity was shown by sage extract. Among the tea extracts, young shoot extract was the most effective one, however, it had significantly lower activity than sage (p < 0.05). Although tea flower had the lowest reducing power activity, it was higher than that of tilia. But this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). From these results, we could suggest that although the reducing power of a substance may be an indicator of its potential antioxidant activity, there may not always be a linear correlation between these two activities. In addition, antimicrobial activities of each of the above extracts were studied by disk diffusion methods on different test microorganisms. None of the extracts showed antibacterial activity on the studied microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yildirim
- Kazim Karabekir Egitim Fakültesi, Atatürk Universitesi, Kimya Egitimi Anabilim Dali 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
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