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Mei G, Xu J, Wen C, Li Y, Chen S, Yang X, Li J, Chen Y, Yang G. Antihyperglycemic effects of triterpenoid saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114049. [PMID: 38462214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Six undescribed triterpenoid saponins, namely aescuchinosides A-F, along with seven known triterpenoid saponins, were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. Barrigenol-like triterpenoids (BATs) constitute these saponins. Protoaescigenin serves as their aglycone, with various oxygen-containing groups, including acetyl, isobutyryl, tigloyl, and angeloyl groups situated at C-21, C-22, and C-28. Various techniques, including 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and acid hydrolysis, were employed to determine the structures of these compounds. The antihyperglycemic effects of the isolated compounds were examined in insulin -resistant HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid treatment. At a concentration of 6 μM, aesculinoside F exhibited a significant increase in glucose consumption. In addition, aesculinoside F demonstrated the potential to improve insulin resistant by upregulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results indicate that the seeds of A.chinensis hold promising potential for preventing insulin resistant related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chumao Wen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yitong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Su Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Guangzhong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Zhang N, Liu D, Wei S, Cao S, Feng X, Wang K, Ding L, Qiu F. Phenylethanol glycosides from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis var. chekiangensis. BMC Chem 2020; 14:31. [PMID: 32337510 PMCID: PMC7178748 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new phenylethanol glycosides (1-3) and one known analogue (4) were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of phenylethanol glycosides from the genus of Aesculus, which enriched its chemical composition. Structure elucidations were performed via extensive NMR and HRESIMS data together with comparison with literature data. Thereafter, the isolated compounds were assayed for their neuroprotective activities against CoCl2-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and compound 3 exhibited moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Liu
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxiang Wei
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinchi Feng
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Ding
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai Dist, Tianjin, 301617 People's Republic of China.,2Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhang N, Wei S, Cao S, Zhang Q, Kang N, Ding L, Qiu F. Bioactive Triterpenoid Saponins From the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis. Front Chem 2020; 7:908. [PMID: 32039145 PMCID: PMC6989559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Aesculus chinensis Bge. var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang obtained 33 triterpenoid saponins, including 14 new ones, aesculiside C–P (1–14). The structure elucidations were performed through comprehensive MS, 1D and 2D-NMR analysis, and their absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by X-ray diffraction analysis as well as Mo2(OAc)4-induced ECD method for the first time. All the substances were examined for their cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines, Hep G2, HCT-116, and MGC-803. Of these, compounds 8, 9, 14–16, 18, and 22 exhibited potent cytotoxicities against all cell lines with IC50 of 2–21 μM, while compounds 3, 6, 7, 17–19, 20, 24, and 28 depicted moderate activity (IC50 13 to >40 μM). On these bases, the preliminary structure-activity correlations were also discussed. Meanwhile the neuroprotective properties of triterpenoid saponins from Aesculus genus were evaluated for the first time. Among them, compounds 1, 4, 12, 20, 22, 25, 29, and 31 exhibited moderate activities against COCl2-induced PC12 cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxiang Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Cheng JT, Chen ST, Guo C, Jiao MJ, Cui WJ, Wang SH, Deng Z, Chen C, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu A. Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis and Their Cytotoxicities. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:47-56. [PMID: 29285602 PMCID: PMC5803144 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Six new triterpenoid saponins, aesculusosides A-F (1-6), together with 19 known ones, were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. The new structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with previously reported data. Some of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cell line by an MTT assay, and compounds 15, 16, 19, and 23-25 exhibited inhibitory activities against MCF-7 with IC50 values ranging from 7.1 to 31.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shi-Tao Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Jiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wen-Jin Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhe Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Perez Gutierrez RM. Antidiabetic andantioxidant properties, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition effects of triterpene saponins from Piper auritum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:229-239. [PMID: 30263262 PMCID: PMC6049373 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of methanol extracts from leaves of Piper auritum produced four triterpenoid saponin compounds 1-4. Structures were established based on interpretation of mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. 21-(p-methoxycinnamoyl)-olean-12-ene-28oic cid-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and olean-12-ene-28 methyl ester-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were orally administered to diabetic mice at dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight per day for 30 days and resultant biochemical parameters were studied. Both compounds significantly (p<0.05) decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, compared with controls. Low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were ameliorated. The effects of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the liver, pancreas, and kidney were reversed, with reductions insulin resistance and stimulation of insulin production. β-Glucosidase activities were studied in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 can be used to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and to reduce the imbalance between generation of reactive oxygen species and scavenging enzyme activities for prevention of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias extractivas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos cp, Mexico City, 07708 Mexico
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6
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Conjugation of ß-Adrenergic Antagonist Alprenolol to Implantable Polymer-Aescin Matrices for Local Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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7
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Ye X, Yu S, Liang Y, Huang H, Lian XY, Zhang Z. Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Zarrelli A, Ladhari A, Haouala R, Di Fabio G, Previtera L, DellaGreca M. New Acylated Oleanane and Lupane Triterpenes fromGymnema sylvestre. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Manguro LOA, Lemmen P, Hao P, Wong KC. Triterpene saponins of Maesa lanceolata stem wood. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:987-1001. [PMID: 23098176 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.674302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of aqueous MeOH extract of Maesa lanceolata stem wood has led to the isolation of four new triterpene saponins characterized as 16α,21β-diacetoxy-22α-angeloyl-28-hydroxyolean-12-ene 3-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″″ → 6‴)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1‴ → 3')][β-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')]-β-glucuronopyranoside (1), 16α-acetoxy-21β-hydroxy-22α-angeloyl-13β,28-oxydoolean-28α-ol 3-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″″ → 6‴)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1‴ → 4')][β-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')]-α-arabinopyranoside (2), 16α-acetoxy-21β,22α-diangeloyl-13β,28-epoxyoleanane 3-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1″″ → 6‴)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1‴ → 4')][β-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')]-β-xylopyranoside (3), and 16α,22α-diacetoxy-13β,28-oxydoolean-28α-ol 3-O-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1″ → 2')][β-glucopyranosyl-(1‴ → 3')]-β-glucuronopyranoside (4), together with the known compounds β-acetylamyrin, physcion, emodin, chrysophanol, ursolic acid, 16α-hydroxy-12-oleanene 3-O-glucoside, β-amyrin, sitosterol 3-O-β-glucoside, stigmasterol, and 3β,28-dihydroxyolean-12-ene. Their structural elucidation was accomplished by homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR technique as well as comparison with data from known compounds. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous MeOH extract was also investigated and zones of inhibition ranging from 32 ± 1.1 to 14 ± 0.2 mm were observed. Among the isolates, compound 1 was the most active with an minimum inhibitory concentration value of 25 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus.
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10
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Yuan W, Wang P, Deng G, Li S. Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from Aesculus glabra Willd. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 75:67-77. [PMID: 22178115 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four acylated polyhydroxyoleanene saponins were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus glabra. Sixteen of them, namely aesculiosides G1-G16 (1-16), were determined as compounds by spectroscopic and chemical analysis. The structural features of all 24 saponins are: (1) arabinofuranosyl units affixed to C-3 of the glucuronopyranosyl unit in the trisaccharide chain; (2) no 24-OH substitution; (3) C-2 sugar moiety substitution of the 3-O-glucuronopyranosyl unit is either glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl. The features of these isolated saponin structures provide more evidence for chemical taxonomy within the genus Aesculus. The cytotoxicity of the aesculiosides (1-16) were tested against A549 and PC-3 cancer cell lines with GI₅₀ from 5.4 to >25 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75972-6109, USA
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Dinda B, Debnath S, Mohanta BC, Harigaya Y. Naturally Occurring Triterpenoid Saponins. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:2327-580. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Liu HW, Wang MY, Song XY, Xia Y, Zhao YS, Song XH, Jiang MM, Zhang X, Gao H, Wang NL, Yao XS. Three Escin-Like Triterpene Saponins: Assamicins VI, VII, and VIII from the Seeds ofAesculus assamicaGriff. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Zhang Z, Li S, Ownby S, Wang P, Yuan W, Zhang W, Scott Beasley R. Phenolic compounds and rare polyhydroxylated triterpenoid saponins from Eryngium yuccifolium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2070-2080. [PMID: 18499203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Eryngium yuccifolium resulted in the isolation and identification of three phenolic compounds (1-3) and 12 polyhydroxylated triterpenoid saponins, named eryngiosides A-L (4-15), together with four known compounds kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (16), caffeic acid (17), 21beta-angeloyloxy-3beta-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyloxyolean-12-ene-15alpha,16alpha,22alpha,28-tetrol (18), and saniculasaponin III (19). This study reports the isolation of these compounds and their structural elucidation by extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-6109, USA
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14
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Zhang Z, Li S. Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the fruits of Aesculus pavia L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:2075-86. [PMID: 17599369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Continued chemical investigation on the fruits of North American Aesculus pavia L. resulted in the isolation and identification of 13 polyhydroxyoleanene pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, named aesculiosides IIe-IIk (1-7), and IIIa-IIIf (8-13), together with 18 known compounds: aesculiosides Ia-Ie (14-18), IIa-IId (19-22), IVa-IVc (23-25), 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21,22-O-diangeloyl-3beta,15 alpha,16 alpha,21 beta,22 alpha,28-hexahydroxyolean-12-ene (26), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21,22-O-diangeloyl-3beta,16 alpha,21 beta,22 alpha,24 beta,28-hexahydroxyolean-12-ene (27), 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21,22-O-diangeloyl-3beta,16 alpha,21 beta,22 alpha,28-pentahydroxyolean-12-ene (28), R(1)-barrigenol (29), scopolin (30), and 5-methoxyscopolin (31). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Compounds 14-22 and 26-28 were tested in vitro for their activity against 59 cell lines from nine different human cancers including leukemia, non-small cell lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast. It was found that compounds with two-acyl groups at C-21 and C-22 had cytotoxic activity for all cell lines tested with GI(50) 0.175-8.71 microM, while compounds without acyl groups at C-21 and C-22 had weak or no cytotoxic activity. These results suggest that the acyl groups at C-21 and C-22 are essential for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Zhang
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-6109, USA
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15
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Kimura H, Ogawa S, Jisaka M, Kimura Y, Katsube T, Yokota K. Identification of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wooden ashes and their nutraceutical activity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1657-65. [PMID: 16621416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) contain large amounts of mixed triterpenoidal saponins called escins. Recent studies have shown that escins have several biological activities including anti-inflammatory action and inhibitory effects on the absorption of ethanol and glucose. For the edible utilization of the seeds, natural seeds are usually treated with wooden ashes to remove harshness. Here, we found the novel compounds derived from escins in the edible seeds after the food processing with wooden ashes. The instrumental analyses revealed the chemical structures of escins and the derivatives. These compounds are identified as four types of deacetylescins Ia, IIa, Ib, and IIb as well as two types of desacylescins I and II. To determine their biological activity, the purified compounds were tested for their potential nutraceutical activity. The oral glucose tolerance test in mice revealed that a single oral administration of the isolated components of deacetylescins at a dose of 100 mg/kg was clearly effective in attenuating the elevation of blood glucose levels. The inhibitory effects of escins and their derivatives were in the order of escins>deacetylescins>desacylescins. Moreover, we found the inhibitory activity of those compounds on pancreatic lipase. Escins were the most potent in inhibiting the enzyme activity, and followed by desacylescins and then deacetylescins. Taken together, our results suggest the potential usefulness of novel saponins including deacetylescins and desacylescins from edible seeds as novel sources for nutraceutical foods with anti-obese effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Sparg SG, Light ME, van Staden J. Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 94:219-43. [PMID: 15325725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sparg
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Sakurai T, Nishimura T, Otake N, Xinsheng Y, Abe K, Zeida M, Nagasawa H, Sakuda S. Assamicin I and II, novel triterpenoid saponins with insulin-like activity from Aesculus assamica Griff. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:807-10. [PMID: 11859008 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two novel triterpenoid saponins with insulin-like activity, termed assamicin I and II, were isolated from the roots of Aesculus assamica Griff. and their structures were characterized as 1 and 2, respectively. They inhibited release of free fatty acids from epinephrine-treated rat adipocytes and enhanced glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Zhao J, Yang XW, Hattori M. Three new triterpene saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:626-8. [PMID: 11383619 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis, and characterized as 22-tigloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (escin IVg, 1), 22-angeloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (escin IVh, 2) and 16-angeloyl-21-acetylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (escin VIb, 3), together with two known compounds, escin IIIa (4) and desacylescin 1 (5). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- National Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing University, P R China
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Marquina S, Maldonado N, Garduño-Ramírez ML, Aranda E, Villarreal ML, Navarro V, Bye R, Delgado G, Alvarez L. Bioactive oleanolic acid saponins and other constituents from the roots of Viguiera decurrens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 56:93-97. [PMID: 11198824 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The bisdesmoside oleanolic acid saponin, 3-0-(methyl-beta-D-glucuronopyranosiduronoate)-28-0-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-oleanolate along with nine known compounds (two diterpenic acids, one chromene, three triterpenes, one steroidal glycoside, and two monodesmoside oleanolic acid saponins), were obtained from Viguiera decurrens roots. The chemical structure of the bisdesmoside oleanolic saponin was determined by chemical and NMR spectral evidence. A mixture of monodesmoside saponins displayed cytotoxic activity against P388 and COLON cell lines (ED50= 2.3 and 3.6 microg/ml, respectively). Two of the known compounds showed insecticidal activity against the Mexican bean beetle larvae (Epilachna varivestis).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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