1
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Interactions of porphyrins with DNA: A review focusing recent advances in chemical modifications on porphyrins as artificial nucleases. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111434. [PMID: 33819802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advance of porphyrins as artificial nucleases along the years have developed a class of compounds having potential therapeutic applications. Being an extrovert of chemistry, a variety of chemical modifications have been done on porphyrin macrocycle in order to improve the spectroscopic properties and to adapt as artificial receptors that can recognize molecules. The last twenty years has witnessed broad research in the arena of porphyrin- DNA interactions and their evolution from simple to more complex entities. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on various effects of porphyrin on DNA cleavage potency. We particularly detailed the nuclease activity of cationic and anionic porphyrins, porphyrin dimers and conjugates as well as heme proteins till the third generation porphyrins as artificial nucleases.
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2
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Ortalli M, Varani S, Cimato G, Veronesi R, Quintavalla A, Lombardo M, Monari M, Trombini C. Evaluation of the Pharmacophoric Role of the O-O Bond in Synthetic Antileishmanial Compounds: Comparison between 1,2-Dioxanes and Tetrahydropyrans. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13140-13158. [PMID: 33091297 PMCID: PMC8018184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected diseases that can be treated with a limited drug arsenal; the development of new molecules is therefore a priority. Recent evidence indicates that endoperoxides, including artemisinin and its derivatives, possess antileishmanial activity. Here, 1,2-dioxanes were synthesized with their corresponding tetrahydropyrans lacking the peroxide bridge, to ascertain if this group is a key pharmacophoric requirement for the antileishmanial bioactivity. Newly synthesized compounds were examined in vitro, and their mechanism of action was preliminarily investigated. Three endoperoxides and their corresponding tetrahydropyrans effectively inhibited the growth of Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes, and iron did not play a significant role in their activation. Further, reactive oxygen species were produced in both endoperoxide- and tetrahydropyran-treated promastigotes. In conclusion, the peroxide group proved not to be crucial for the antileishmanial bioactivity of endoperoxides, under the tested conditions. Our findings reveal the potential of both 1,2-dioxanes and tetrahydropyrans as lead compounds for novel therapies against Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ortalli
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
| | - Stefania Varani
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty
Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via
Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cimato
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Regional Reference
Centre for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), St. Orsola-Malpighi
University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna,
Italy
| | - Ruben Veronesi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Quintavalla
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Trombini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”,
Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna Via Selmi 2,
40126 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria
(CIRM) - Italian Malaria Network (IMN), University of Milan,
20100 Milan, Italy
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3
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In vitro efficacy of synthesized artemisinin derivatives against Leishmania promastigotes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Hirakawa K, Takai S, Horiuchi H, Okazaki S. Photooxidation Activity Control of Dimethylaminophenyl-tris-( N-methyl-4-pridinio)porphyrin by pH. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27702-27708. [PMID: 33134734 PMCID: PMC7594313 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To control the activity of photodynamic agents by pH, an electron donor-connecting cationic porphyrin, meso-(N',N'-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio)porphyrin (DMATMPyP), was designed and synthesized. The photoexcited state (singlet excited state) of DMATMPyP was deactivated through intramolecular electron transfer under a neutral condition. The pK a of the protonated DMATMPyP was 4.5, and the fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen-generating activity increased under an acidic condition. Furthermore, the protonation of DMATMPyP enhanced the biomolecule photooxidative activity through electron extraction. Photodamage of human serum albumin (HSA) was observed under a neutral condition because a hydrophobic HSA environment can reverse the deactivation of photoexcited DMATMPyP. However, an HSA-damaging mechanism of DMATMPyP under a neutral condition was explained by singlet oxygen production. Therefore, it is indicated that the protein photodamaging activity of DMATMPyP goes into an OFF state under a neutral hypoxic condition. Under an acidic condition, the HSA photodamaging quantum yield by DMATMPyP through electron extraction could be preserved in the presence of a singlet oxygen quencher. Photooxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by DMATMPyP was also enhanced under an acidic condition. This study demonstrated the concept of using pH to control photosensitizer activity via inhibition of the intramolecular electron transfer deactivation and enhancement of the oxidative activity through the electron extraction mechanism. Specifically, biomolecule oxidation through electron extraction may play an important role in photodynamic therapy to treat tumors under a hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Applied
Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering,
Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Department
of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Takai
- Applied
Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering,
Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Horiuchi
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Preeminent
Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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5
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Medicinal chemistry of acridine and its analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1589-1618. [PMID: 30429967 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
'Acridine' along with its functional analogue 'Acridone' is the most privileged pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry with diverse applications ranging from DNA intercalators, endonuclease mimics, ratiometric selective ion sensors, and P-glycoprotein inhibitors in countering the multi-drug resistance, enzyme inhibitors, and reversals of neurodegenerative disorders. Their interaction with DNA and ability of selectively identifying numerous biologically useful ions has cemented exploitability of the acridone nucleus in modern day therapeutics. Additionally, most derivatives and salts of acridine are planar, crystalline, and stable displaying a strong fluorescence which, when coupled with their marked bio selectivity and low cytotoxicity, enables the studying and monitoring of several biochemical, metabolic, and pharmacological processes. In this review, a detailed picture covering the important therapeutic aspects of the acridone nucleus and its functional analogues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India.,Department of Chemistry , University of Petroleum & Energy Studies , Dehradun 248007 , India . ;
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies , Department of Chemistry , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
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6
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Spagnul C, Turner LC, Giuntini F, Greenman J, Boyle RW. Synthesis and bactericidal properties of porphyrins immobilized in a polyacrylamide support: influence of metal complexation on photoactivity. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1834-1845. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of three porphyrin immobilised polyacrylamide hydrogels active against Gram negative bacteria to be used as antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Spagnul
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Kingston-upon-Hull
- UK
| | | | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences
- Liverpool John Moores University
- Liverpool
- UK
| | - John Greenman
- School of Life Sciences
- University of the West of England
- Bristol
- UK
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Kingston-upon-Hull
- UK
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7
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Dana S, Keshri SK, Shukla J, Vikramdeo KS, Mondal N, Mukhopadhyay P, Dhar SK. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Bifunctional Acridinine-Naphthalenediimide Redox-Active Conjugates as Antimalarials. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:318-333. [PMID: 30023479 PMCID: PMC6044610 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of bifunctional molecules was synthesized integrating acridine (Ac) and redox-active naphthalenediimide (NDI) scaffolds directly and through a flexible linker (en). We evaluated in vitro antiplasmodial activity, physicochemical properties, and a possible mode of action. Theoretical studies suggested electronic segmentation between the electron-rich Ac and electron-deficient NDI scaffolds. Orthogonal Ac-NDI molecules showed activities in the micromolar to submicromolar range against a chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive strain of human malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum (maximum activity, IC50: 0.419 μM). The flexible Ac-en-NDI molecules were most potent and showed activity in the nanomolar range against both CQ-sensitive (with most effective compounds, IC50: 3.65 and 4.33 nM) as well as CQ-resistant (with most effective compounds, IC50: 52.20 and 28.53 nM) strains of P. falciparum. Significantly, with CQ-resistant strains, the activity of the most effective compounds was 1 order of magnitude better than that of standard drug CQ. Ac-en-NDI-conjugated molecules were significantly more potent than the individual NDI and Ac-based molecules. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) suggests that the flexible spacer (en) linking the Ac and NDI scaffolds plays a vital role in exhibiting improved potency. None of the molecules triggered hemolysis in culture, and the most potent compounds did not show cytotoxicity in vitro against mammalian fibroblast NIH3T3 cells at their respective IC50 values. The other significant outcome of this work is that some of the investigated molecules have the potential to affect multiple processes in the parasite including the hemozoin formation in digestive vacuoles (DVs), mitochondrial membrane potential, and the redox homeostasis of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Dana
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New
Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Keshri
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- School
of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Mondal
- School
of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular
and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kumar Dhar
- Special
Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New
Mehrauli Road, 110067 New Delhi, India
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8
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Kuś P, Pasewicz-Sokół A, Ratuszna A, Rojkiewicz M. The synthesis of new potential photosensitizers [1–3]. Part 4. Photophysical properties of some monophenyltripyridyl-porphyrin derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615501047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six monophenyltripyridylporphyrin derivatives were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy in order to demonstrate their potential usefulness as photosensitizers for anticancer therapy purposes. Compounds 1 and 3–5 are amphiphilic, thus they may be suitable for transfer inside cells. Photochemical parameters such as fluorescence yield and singlet oxygen yield were determined. The former parameter does not exceed 10% which makes them unsuitable for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). However, singlet oxygen yields are high and sufficient for these compounds to be considered as potential photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kuś
- Department of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9, Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Pasewicz-Sokół
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4, Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 4, Uniwersytecka Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marcin Rojkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9, Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
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9
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Unexpected regiospecific formation and DNA binding of new 3-(acridin-9-yl)methyl-2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-1023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Ryazanova O, Zozulya V, Voloshin I, Dubey L, Dubey I, Karachevtsev V. Binding of Metallated Porphyrin-Imidazophenazine Conjugate to Tetramolecular Quadruplex Formed by Poly(G): a Spectroscopic Investigation. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1897-904. [PMID: 26449960 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The binding of telomerase inhibitor ZnTMPyP(3+)-ImPzn, Zn(II) derivative of tricationic porphyrin-imidazophenazine conjugate, to tetramolecular quadruplex structure formed by poly(G) was studied in aqueous solutions at neutral pH and near physiological ionic strength using absorption and polarized fluorescent spectroscopy techniques. Three binding modes were determined from the dependences of the fluorescence intensity and polarization degree for the porphyrin and phenazine moieties of the conjugate on molar polymer-to-dye ratio (P/D). The first one is outside electrostatic binding of positively charged porphyrin fragments to anionic phosphate groups of the polymer which prevails only at very low P/D values and manifests itself by substantial fluorescence quenching. It is suggested that the formation of externally bound porphyrin dimers occurs. The other two binding modes observed at high P/D are embedding of the ZnTMPyP(3+) moiety into the groove of poly(G) quadruplex accompanied by more than 3-fold enhancement of the conjugate emission, and simultaneous intercalation of the phenazine fragment between the guanine bases accompanied by the increase of its fluorescence polarization degree up to 0.25. Thus Zn(II) conjugate seems to be promising ligand for the stabilization of G-quadruplex structures since porphyrin binding to poly(G) is strengthened by additional intercalation of phenazine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ryazanova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Lenin ave, 61103, Kharkov, Ukraine.
| | - Victor Zozulya
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Lenin ave, 61103, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Igor Voloshin
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Lenin ave, 61103, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Dubey
- Department of Synthetic Bioregulators, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo str, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Dubey
- Department of Synthetic Bioregulators, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 150 Zabolotnogo str, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Karachevtsev
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Lenin ave, 61103, Kharkov, Ukraine
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11
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Hirakawa K, Taguchi M, Okazaki S. Relaxation Process of Photoexcited meso-Naphthylporphyrins while Interacting with DNA and Singlet Oxygen Generation. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13071-8. [PMID: 26393278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron donor-connecting cationic porphyrins meso-(1-naphthyl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio)porphyrin (1-NapTMPyP) and meso-(2-naphthyl)-tris(N-methyl-p-pyridinio)porphyrin (2-NapTMPyP) were designed and synthesized. DFT calculations speculate that the photoexcited states of 1- and 2-NapTMPyPs can be deactivated via intramolecular electron transfer from the naphthyl moiety to the porphyrin moiety. However, the quenching effect through the intramolecular electron transfer is insufficient, possibly due to the orthogonal position of the electron donor and the porphyrin ring and the relatively small driving force: Gibbs energies are 0.11 and 0.07 eV for 1- and 2-NapTMPyPs, respectively. It was speculated that more than 0.3 eV of the driving force is required to realize effective electron transfer in similar electron-donor connecting porphyrin systems. These porphyrins aggregated around the DNA strand, accelerating the deactivation of their excited singlet state and decreasing their photosensitized singlet oxygen-generating activities. In the presence of a sufficiently large concentration of DNA, these porphyrins can bind to a DNA strand stably, leading to an increased fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. Singlet oxygen generation was also suppressed by the aggregation of porphyrins around DNA. Although the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation was recovered in the presence of sufficient DNA, the singlet oxygen generated by DNA-binding porphyrins was significantly smaller than that without DNA. These results suggest that DNA-binding drugs limit the generation of photosensitized singlet oxygen by quenching the DNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan.,Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Makoto Taguchi
- Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Course, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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12
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Spectroscopic Studies on Binding of Porphyrin-Phenazine Conjugate to Four-Stranded Poly(G). J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1013-21. [PMID: 26076929 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Binding of a novel cationic porphyrin-imidazophenazine conjugate, TMPyP(3+)-ImPzn, to four-stranded poly(G) was investigated in aqueous solutions of neutral pH under near physiological ionic conditions using absorption, polarized fluorescent spectroscopy and fluorescence titration techniques. In absence of the polymer the conjugate folds into stable internal heterodimer with stacking between the porphyrin and phenazine chromophores. Binding of TMPyP(3+)-ImPzn to poly(G) is realized by two competing ways. At low polymer-to-dye ratio (P/D < 6) outside electrostatic binding of the cationic porphyrin moieties of the conjugate to anionic polynucleotide backbone with their self-stacking is predominant. It is accompanied by heterodimer dissociation and distancing of phenazine moieties from the polymer. This binding mode is characterized by strong quenching of the conjugate fluorescence. Increase of P/D results in the disintegration of the porphyrin stacks and redistribution of the bound conjugate molecules along the polymer chain. At P/D > 10 another binding mode becomes dominant, embedding of TMPyP(3+)-ImPzn heterodimers into poly(G) groove as a whole is occurred.
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13
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Guan M, Qin T, Ge J, Zhen M, Xu W, Chen D, Li S, Wang C, Su H, Shu C. Amphiphilic trismethylpyridylporphyrin-fullerene (C70) dyad: an efficient photosensitizer under hypoxia conditions. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:776-783. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01314j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic trismethylpyridylporphyrin-C70(PC70) dyad with improved photosensitization has been successfully prepared.
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14
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Joubert JP, Smit FJ, du Plessis L, Smith PJ, N’Da DD. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of aminoacridines and artemisinin–acridine hybrids. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 56:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Arba M, Tjahjono DH. The binding modes of cationic porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrids to DNA duplexes: in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:657-65. [PMID: 24580066 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.887480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cationic porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrids bearing peripheral substituents, either pyridine, imidazole, or pyrazole rings have been investigated for their binding mode to DNA duplexes. The four kinds of DNA duplexes were used, which represent intercalation and groove binding modes. AutoDock 4.2 was used to dock nine hybrid compounds to four DNA duplexes, while monitoring of conformational changes of four best hybrid-DNA complexes during 2 ns was performed by Amber9 molecular dynamics package. The binding energy calculation of best four complexes was then carried out using MMPBSA method. The hybrid compounds interacted to DNA duplexes through intercalation and groove binding modes. The minor groove binding of DNA was energetically preferred by cationic porphyrin hybrids due to favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Both electrostatic and van der Waals contributions were able to distinguish the binding mode of porphyrin hybrid to DNA duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arba
- a School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology , Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
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16
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Zhao P, Li J, Yang LJ, Lu JZ, Guo HM, Ma LN, Ou BH. DNA binding ad photocleavage properties of cationic porphyrin-polypyridyl ruthenium(II) hybrids. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.866234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan People’ Hospital, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Jia-Zheng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hai-Min Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
| | - Bing-Hui Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, PR China
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17
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Hirakawa K, Nishimura Y, Arai T, Okazaki S. Singlet Oxygen Generating Activity of an Electron Donor Connecting Porphyrin Photosensitizer Can Be Controlled by DNA. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13490-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4072444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Hirakawa
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School
of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku 3-5-1, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishimura
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Medical
Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama
1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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18
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Lemon CM, Karnas E, Bawendi MG, Nocera DG. Two-photon oxygen sensing with quantum dot-porphyrin conjugates. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10394-406. [PMID: 23978247 PMCID: PMC3881537 DOI: 10.1021/ic4011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies of a quantum dot (QD) associated to palladium(II) porphyrins have been developed to detect oxygen (pO2) in organic solvents. Palladium porphyrins are sensitive in the 0-160 Torr range, making them ideal phosphors for in vivo biological oxygen quantification. Porphyrins with meso pyridyl substituents bind to the surface of the QD to produce self-assembled nanosensors. Appreciable overlap between QD emission and porphyrin absorption features results in efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) for signal transduction in these sensors. The QD serves as a photon antenna, enhancing porphyrin emission under both one- and two-photon excitation, demonstrating that QD-palladium porphyrin conjugates may be used for oxygen sensing over physiological oxygen ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Lemon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Kumar D, Chandra Shekar K, Mishra B, Kurihara R, Ogura M, Ito T. Cationic porphyrin–quinoxaline conjugate as a photochemically triggered novel cytotoxic agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3221-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Dosselli R, Tampieri C, Ruiz-González R, De Munari S, Ragàs X, Sánchez-García D, Agut M, Nonell S, Reddi E, Gobbo M. Synthesis, characterization, and photoinduced antibacterial activity of porphyrin-type photosensitizers conjugated to the antimicrobial peptide apidaecin 1b. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1052-63. [PMID: 23231466 DOI: 10.1021/jm301509n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging treatment for bacterial infections that is becoming increasingly more attractive because of its effectiveness against multi-antibiotic-resistant strains and unlikelihood of inducing bacterial resistance. Among the strategies to enhance the efficacy of PDT against Gram-negative bacteria, the binding to a cationic antimicrobial peptide offers the attractive prospect for improving both the water solubilty and the localization of the photoactive drug in bacteria. In this work we have compared a number of free and apidaecin-conjugated photosensitizers (PSs) differing in structure and charge. Our results indicate that the conjugation of per se ineffective highly hydrophobic PSs to a cationic peptide produces a photosensitizing agent effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Apidaecin cannot improve the phototoxic activity of cationic PSs, which mainly depends on a very high yield of singlet oxygen production in the surroundings of the bacterial outer membrane. Apidaecin-PS conjugates appear most promising for treatment protocols requiring repeated washing after sensitizer delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dosselli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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21
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Zhao P, Huang JW, Ji LN. Cationic pyridinium porphyrins appending different peripheral substituents: spectroscopic studies on their interactions with bovine serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 88:130-136. [PMID: 22226898 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cationic pyridinium porphyrins appending methylpyridyl, hydroxyphenyl, propionoxyphenyl or carboxyphenyl group at meso-20-position of porphyrin core with bovine serum albumin (BSA), was studied by the combination of absorption spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and synchronous spectroscopy. The spectral monitoring results indicate that the studied compounds could bind with the BSA molecule and the calculated binding constants show that the tetracationic porphyrin has higher binding affinity than those tricationic ones. The interactions between porphyrins and BSA employ an electrostatic binding mechanism and there was only one binding site which located on the surface of the protein molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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22
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Hirakawa K, Harada M, Okazaki S, Nosaka Y. Controlled generation of singlet oxygen by a water-soluble meso-pyrenylporphyrin photosensitizer through interaction with DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4770-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30880k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Xu W, Feng L, Wu Y, Wang T, Wu J, Xiang J, Li B, Jiang L, Shu C, Wang C. Construction and photophysics study of supramolecular complexes composed of three-point binding fullerene-trispyridylporphyrin dyads and zinc porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:428-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Guetzoyan L, Yu XM, Ramiandrasoa F, Pethe S, Rogier C, Pradines B, Cresteil T, Perrée-Fauvet M, Mahy JP. Antimalarial acridines: synthesis, in vitro activity against P. falciparum and interaction with hematin. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:8032-9. [PMID: 19879150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of acridine derivatives were synthesised and their in vitro antimalarial activity was evaluated against one chloroquine-susceptible strain (3D7) and three chloroquine-resistant strains (W2, Bre1 and FCR3) of Plasmodium falciparum. Structure-activity relationship showed that two positives charges as well as 6-chloro and 2-methoxy substituents on the acridine ring were required to exert a good antimalarial activity. The best compounds possessing these features inhibited the growth of the chloroquine-susceptible strain with an IC(50)0.07 microM, close to that of chloroquine itself, and that of the three chloroquine-resistant strains better than chloroquine with IC(50)0.3 microM. These acridine derivatives inhibited the formation of beta-hematin, suggesting that, like CQ, they act on the haem crystallization process. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity was also evaluated upon human KB cells, which showed that one of them 9-(6-ammonioethylamino)-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridinium dichloride 1 displayed a promising antimalarial activity in vitro with a quite good selectivity index versus mammalian cell on the CQ-susceptible strain and promising selectivity on other strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Guetzoyan
- Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Bât. 420, CNRS UMR 8182, Univ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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25
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Ishikawa Y, Yamakawa N, Uno T. Binding of cationic bis-porphyrins linked with p- or m-xylylenediamine and their zinc(II) complexes to duplex DNA. Molecules 2008; 13:3117-28. [PMID: 19078853 PMCID: PMC6245075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic, viscometric, and molecular docking analysis of binding of cationic bis-porphyrins linked with p- or m-xylylenediamine (H2pXy and H2mXy) and their zinc(II) complexes (ZnpXy and ZnmXy) to duplex DNA are described. H2pXy and H2mXy bound to calf thymus DNA (CTDNA) stronger than unichromophoric H2TMPyP, and showed exciton-type induced circular dichroism spectra of their Soret bands. The H2TMPyP-like units of the metal-free bis-porphyrins did not intercalate into CTDNA, and thus the binding mode is outside binding with intramolecular stacking. ZnpXy showed favorable binding to A·T over G·C region, and should lie in the major groove of A·T region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: , (Y.I.), (T. U.); Tel. +81 54 2645645 (Y. I.), +81 6 68798205 (T. U.); Fax: +81 54 2645645 (Y.I.), +81 6 68798205 (T. U.)
| | - Naoki Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; E-mail: (N. Y.)
| | - Tadayuki Uno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: , (Y.I.), (T. U.); Tel. +81 54 2645645 (Y. I.), +81 6 68798205 (T. U.); Fax: +81 54 2645645 (Y.I.), +81 6 68798205 (T. U.)
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26
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Zhao P, Xu LC, Huang JW, Fu B, Yu HC, Zhang WH, Chen J, Yao JH, Ji LN. DNA-binding and photocleavage properties of cationic porphyrin–anthraquinone hybrids with different lengths of links. Bioorg Chem 2008; 36:278-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Tricationic pyridium porphyrins appending different peripheral substituents: Experimental and DFT studies on their interactions with DNA. Biophys Chem 2008; 135:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 03/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Zhao P, Xu LC, Huang JW, Zheng KC, Liu J, Yu HC, Ji LN. DNA binding and photocleavage properties of a novel cationic porphyrin-anthraquinone hybrid. Biophys Chem 2008; 134:72-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Pasewicz A, Idziak D, Koloczek J, Kus P, Wrzalik R, Fennell T, Honkimäki V, Ratuszna A, Burian A. Pair correlation function analysis of 5-(4-hexadecyloxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tri(4-pyridyl)porphyrin and 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-tri(4-pyridyl)porphyrin. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Ishikawa Y, Yamakawa N, Uno T. Synthetic control of interchromophoric interaction in cationic bis-porphyrins toward efficient DNA photocleavage and singlet oxygen production in aqueous solution. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5230-8. [PMID: 17513112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized cationic bis-porphyrins and their zinc(II) complexes with two TMPyP-like chromophores bridged by p- or m-xylylenediamine to develop effective DNA photocleaving agents. The xylylene linkers and zinc ion were introduced to control interchromophoric interaction that should be involved in photosensitization of the cationic bis-porphyrins. The molar absorptivities of all the bis-porphyrins in aqueous solution remained unchanged over a wide range of concentrations, indicating the absence of self-aggregation property. In particular, the molar absorptivity of the zinc(II) complex of the p-xylylenediamine-linked bis-porphyrin in aqueous solution was 2.0 times as large as that of unichromophoric ZnTMPyP, suggesting the absence of both intermolecular and intramolecular interchromophoric interaction. The metal-free p-xylylenediamine-linked bis-porphyrin showed the more efficient conversion ability of supercoiled to nicked circular pUC18 plasmid DNA by photosensitization than the metal-free m-xylylenediamine-linked one. Furthermore, the zinc complexes of the bis-porphyrins exhibited the more potent DNA photocleavage than did the metal-free bis-porphyrins. Singlet oxygen productivity of the four cationic bis-porphyrins was determined by measuring the decomposition rate of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. The amount of singlet oxygen generated by photosensitization of the zinc(II) complex of the p-xylylenediamine-linked bis-porphyrin in aqueous solution was 2.1 times as large as ZnTMPyP, indicating the full singlet oxygen productivity. A significant relationship between the DNA photocleaving abilities and the singlet oxygen productivities of the cationic porphyrins in aqueous solution was found. Hence, the degree of the intramolecular interchromophoric interaction, the DNA photocleaving ability, and the singlet oxygen productivity of the cationic bis-porphyrins in aqueous solution were successfully controlled by means of the introduction of the appropriate linker and metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto, Japan.
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31
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Wang K, Zhang Z, Wu L, Li ZY. Synthesis, and DNA-Binding and DNA-Photocleavage Properties of Multiply Charged Porphyrins. Chem Biodivers 2007; 4:514-22. [PMID: 17372954 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200790044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Four new cationic porphyrins, compounds 1-4, with five to seven positive charges, were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their binding properties towards calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA). UV/VIS and fluorescence-titration data indicated strong binding, the apparent binding constants (K(app); (1.3-10)x10(-6) M) increasing with increasing number of charges, as determined by competitive fluorescence titration using ethidium bromide (EB) as molecular probe. These results were qualitatively confirmed by the observed photocleavage efficiency of the porphyrins towards plasmid pBR322 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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32
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Guetzoyan L, Ramiandrasoa F, Dorizon H, Desprez C, Bridoux A, Rogier C, Pradines B, Perrée-Fauvet M. In vitro efficiency of new acridyl derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3278-89. [PMID: 17339112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 9-substituted acridyl derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antimalarial activity was evaluated against one chloroquine-sensitive strain (3D7) and three chloroquine-resistant strains [W2 (Indochina), Bre1 (Brazil) and FCR3 (Gambia)] of Plasmodium falciparum. Some compounds inhibit the growth of malarial parasite with IC50 <or= 0.20 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Guetzoyan
- Equipe de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Bât. 420, CNRS UMR 8182, Univ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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33
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A novel porphyrin–polypyridyl ruthenium(II) hybrid. Synthesis, characterization and photoinduced DNA cleavage activity. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-006-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Taima H, Okubo A, Yoshioka N, Inoue H. DNA-Binding Properties and Photocleavage Activity of Cationic Water-Soluble Chlorophyll Derivatives. Chemistry 2006; 12:6331-40. [PMID: 16721870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three cationic water-soluble chlorin e(6) derivatives, that is, 6a-,gammab-,7c-tris(2-trimethylammonioethyl)chlorin e(6) (1), 6a-,gammab-,7c-tris(3-methylpyridiniummethyl)chlorin e(6) (2), and 6a-,gammab-, 7c-tris(2-trimethylammonioethyl)-2-(3-trimethylammonioprop-1-enyl)chlorin e(6) (3), have been designed and synthesized to allow the study of their DNA-binding and -photocleavage activities. The DNA-unwinding assay, measurements of melting temperatures of double-stranded DNA, and the induced CD and visible absorption spectra have revealed that 1 and 3 are intercalated into the base pairs of the double-helical DNA, while 2 is bound to outside the minor groove of the double-helical DNA. The cationic water-soluble chlorin e(6) derivatives effectively cleave the double-helical DNA under photoirradiation and the DNA-photocleavage activity increases in the order 3>1>2. The DNA-binding and -photocleavage characteristics of the three cationic water-soluble chlorin e(6) derivatives are influenced by aspects of their molecular structure, such as the kind, number, and position of the cationic substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Taima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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35
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Jia T, Jiang ZX, Wang K, Li ZY. Binding and photocleavage of cationic porphyrin–phenylpiperazine hybrids to DNA. Biophys Chem 2006; 119:295-302. [PMID: 16242234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2005.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The binding properties of cationic porphyrin-phenylpiperazine hybrids to calf thymus (CT) DNA were investigated by using absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and the apparent affinity binding constants (K(app)) of the porphyrins for CT DNA were determined by using a competition method with ethidium bromide (EB). Intercalation of porphyrin into CT DNA occurred when two phenylpiperazines were introduced at cis position onto the periphery of cationic porphyrin. The photocleavages of pBR322 plasmid DNA by the porphyrins were consistent with the values of K(app). With [porphyrin]/[DNA base pairs] ratio increased, the binding mode tended to be outside binding, and the cleavage abilities of the porphyrins varied. In the presence of sodium azide, a quencher of 1O2, the cleavage of DNA by the porphyrin of intercalation was less inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, PR China
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36
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Aoki K, Ishikawa Y, Oyama M, Tomisugi Y, Uno T. Self-aggregation inhibits the photonuclease activity of porphyrins. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:899-903. [PMID: 12913225 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of tentacle porphyrins having four aminoalkyl groups at the periphery was synthesized, and the DNA binding properties were investigated by absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. The aminopropyl chain was found to facilitate binding, and bisignate induced CD spectra revealed that the porphyrins are self-stacked on the DNA surface. The photonuclease activity of the tentacle porphyrins was also studied, and the aminopropylporphyrin showed the highest activity. The activity increased in proportion to the porphyrin load, but higher loads resulted in the decrease of activity. This inhibitory step corresponded to aggregation of the porphyrin. Thus, the aggregation was suggested to shield the inner porphyrin from the solvent, the production of active oxygen species being suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Oehonmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, USA
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37
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Okuda K, Abeta C, Hirota T, Mochizuki M, Mashino T. Synthesis of water-soluble C60-porphyrin hybrid compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:985-7. [PMID: 12130862 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble C60-porphyrin hybrid molecules were first synthesized toward their pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Okuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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38
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Munakata H, Kanzaki T, Nakagawa S, Imai H, Uemori Y. Synthesis and nucleic acid-binding properties of water-soluble porphyrins appending platinum(II) complexes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1573-80. [PMID: 11767077 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized two water-soluble porphyrins appending platinum(II) complexes [alpha,beta-(4a) and alpha,alpha-(4b) 5,15-bis(2-trans-[PtCl(NH3)2]N-2-aminoethylaminocarbonylphenyl) 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octamethylporphyrin] and studied their reactions with a variety of nucleic acids [disodium adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP), disodium guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP), disodium thymidine-5'-monophosphate (TMP), disodium cytidine-5'-monophosphate (CMP), synthetic polymer poly(dG)-poly(dC), poly(dA)-poly(dT)] by 1H-NMR, UV-vis and FAB-MS spectroscopies. Based on the denaturation experiments of synthetic nucleic acid polymers, we conclude that the presence of the porphyrins (5.6 microM) does not cause significant changes in the melting temperature of poly(dA)-poly(dT) (28 microM) (deltaT=1 degrees C) and shows reannealing. On the other hand, gradual melting of poly(dG)-poly(dC) (28 microM) occurs at a low temperature (deltaT= -27 degrees C) in the presence of the porphyrins (5.6 microM), and the solutions do not show reannealing phenomena. The results of UV-vis and 1H-NMR experiments revealed that the porphyrins bind to guanine bases and that the porphyrins bind to GMP more strongly than to the other nucleotides. The binding modes between the porphyrins and synthetic nucleic acids are affected more by the coordination of the nucleobase [poly(dG)-poly(dC)] to the Pt(II) in the porphyrins than by Coulomb and hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Munakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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39
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Yamakawa N, Ishikawa Y, Uno T. Solution properties and photonuclease activity of cationic bis-porphyrins linked with a series of aliphatic diamines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:1531-40. [PMID: 11767071 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient photo-induced DNA cleavage agents has been of particular interest for biomedical applications such as cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Toward this objective, we synthesized a series of cationic bis-porphyrins with various lengths of diamino alkyl linkage, N,N'-bis[4-[10,15,20-tris(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin-5-yl]benzoyl]oligomethylenediamine hexaiodide. They were expected to show more efficient photocleavage of DNA than unichromophore meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphine (TMPyP), which is well known to cleave DNA effectively on illumination. The cationic bis-porphyrins were found to self-aggregate in aqueous solution, and the aggregation property was accounted for by the formation of an intermolecular dimer. Because conservative-type circular dichroism spectra of the bis-porphyrins were induced in the Soret region on binding to calf thymus DNA, we assigned their binding mode to outside self-stacking on the DNA surface. Their photonuclease activity using plasmid DNA decreased as the number of their linker hydrocarbons increased, and was well correlated with their tendency for dimerization. The inhibitory effect of azide anion, N3-, and the enhancement effect of D2O suggest that singlet oxygen was probably involved in the photocleavage of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yamakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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