Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory cerebrosides from phytolaccae radix

Antileishmanial and Antiplasmodial Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae)

Antrocaryon klaineanum is traditionally used for the treatment of back pain, malaria, female sterility, chlamydiae infections, liver diseases, wounds, and hemorrhoid. This work aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds with antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities from A. klaineanum. An unreported glucocerebroside antroklaicerebroside (1) together with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the root barks of Antrocaryon klaineanum using chromatographic techniques. The NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopic data in association with previous literature were used for the characterization of all the isolated compounds. Compounds 1-4 are reported for the first time from A. klaineanum. The methanol crude extract (AK-MeOH), the n-hexane fraction (AK-Hex), the dichloromethane fraction (AK-DCM), the ethyl acetate fraction (AK-EtOAc), and compounds 1-6 were all evaluated for their antiparasitic effects against Plasmodium falciparum strains susceptible to chloroquine (3D7), resistant to chloroquine (Dd2), and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S). The AK-Hex, AK-EtOAc, AK-MeOH, and compound 2 were strongly active against Dd2 strain with IC₅₀ ranging from 2.78 ± 0.06 to 9.30 ± 0.29 µg/mL. Particularly, AK-MeOH was the most active-more than the reference drugs used-with an IC₅₀ of 2.78 ± 0.06 µg/mL. The AK-EtOAc as well as all the tested compounds showed strong antileishmanial activities with IC₅₀ ranging from 4.80 ± 0.13 to 9.14 ± 0.96 µg/mL.

Isolation of Ceramides from Tagetes patula L. Yellow Flowers and Nematicidal Activity of the Fractions and Pure Compounds against Cyst Nematode, Heterodera zeae

Investigation of yellow flower extract of Tagetes patula L. led to the identification of an aggregate of five phytoceramides. Among them, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]icosanamide, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]heneicosanamide, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]docosanamide, and (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]tricosanamide were identified as new compounds and termed as tagetceramides, whereas (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,8E)-1,3,4-trihydroxyicos-8-en-2-yl]tetracosanamide was a known ceramide. A steroid (β-sitosterol glucoside) was also isolated from the subsequent fraction. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, as well as chemical method. Several other compounds were also identified by GC/MS analysis. The fractions and some commercial products, a ceramide HFA, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were evaluated against an economically important cyst nematode, Heterodera zeae. Ceramide HFA showed 100 % mortality, whereas, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were 40-50 % active, at 1 % concentration after 24 h of exposure time, while β-sitosterol glucoside revealed no activity against the nematode.

Iridoids and sfingolipids from Hedyotis diffusa

Seven new compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Hedyotis diffusa, including three iridoid glycosides, hedyoiridoidside A - C (1-3), two cerebrosides, hedyocerenoside F (4) and G (5), and two new ceramides, hedyoceramide A (6) and B (7). And six known iridoid glycosides (8-13) were also obtained. Their structures were established by their physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of all compounds against tumor cell lines of human cervical cancer HeLa, human leukemia HL-60, human lung cancer A459, human hepatoma HepG2, human gastric gland carcinoma BCG-823, human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2, human colon cancer HCT15, and human prostate cancer PC-3 were also evaluated in vitro. As a result, new compound 1 exhibited evident cytotoxicity to all tumor cell lines, and the IC₅₀ values are from 9.5μM to 28.2μM, while new compound 2 exhibited evident cytotoxicity to Hela, HL-60, A459, HepG2, BGC-823, CNE-2, and HCT15, and the IC₅₀ values are from 15.8μM to 26.2μM. Known compound 11 also exhibited evident cytotoxicity to HL-60, A459, HepG2, BGC-823, CNE-2, and HCT15, and the IC₅₀ values are from 16.5μM to 40.4μM. New compounds 4-7 and known compounds 12 and 13 showed moderate cytotoxicity to some tumor cell lines.

Separation and Identification of Four New Compounds with Antibacterial Activity from Portulaca oleracea L

The Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea) has been used to treat bacillary dysentery for thousands of years in China. Pharmacology studies on P. oleracea have also showed its significant antibacterial effects on the enteropathogenic bacteria, which might reveal the treatment of P. oleracea in cases of bacillary dysentery to some extent. To date, however, the therapeutic basis of P. oleracea treating on bacillary dysentery remains unknown. We determined the antibacterial effective fraction of P. oleracea in a previous study. The current study, which is based on our previous study, was first designed to isolate, identify and screen antibacterial active constituents from P. oleracea. As a result, four new compounds (1–4), portulacerebroside B (1), portulacerebroside C (2), portulacerebroside D (3) and portulaceramide A (4) along with five known compounds (5–9) were isolated, and structures were established by their physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis. The antibacterial activities against common enteropathogenic bacteria were evaluated for all compounds and the new compounds 1–4 showed significant antibacterial effect on enteropathogenic bacteria in vitro, which might contribute to revealing the treatment of P. oleracea in cases of bacillary dysentery.

Two New Triterpenoids from Gelsemium Elegans and Aglaia odorata

Eleganoside A (1) and odoratanone A (15), a triterpenoid trisaccharide glycoside and a nortriterpenoid, together with twelve known compounds (2–13) and a mixture of cerebrosides (14) were isolated from Gelsemium elegans and Aglaia odorata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Eleganoside A (1) features a 3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside of a peculiar 3,16-dihydroxyl-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid triterpenoid skeleton, and odoratanone A (15) is a 29-norcycloartane-type triterpenoid bearing an unusual five-membered methyl acetal ring. Anti-acetylcholinesterase/butyrylcholinesterase (AChE/BChE) assay indicated that at 50 μM, ethyl caffeate (5) was promising as a dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE, and paeonol (3) and 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinylcholesterol (9) exhibited BChE-selective inhibition.

Two new sphingolipids from the leaves of Piper betle L

Two new sphingolipids, pipercerebrosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the leaves of Piper betle L. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation. These two compounds did not show significant cytotoxic activity against the cancer cell lines K562 and HL-60 in a MTT assay.

Antimalarial activity of axidjiferosides, new β-galactosylceramides from the African sponge Axinyssa djiferi

The marine sponge, Axinyssa djiferi, collected on mangrove tree roots in Senegal, was investigated for glycolipids. A mixture containing new glycosphingolipids, named axidjiferoside-A, -B and -C, accounted for 0.07% of sponge biomass (dry weight) and for 2.16% of total lipids. It showed a significant antimalarial activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.53 ± 0.2 μM against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. They were identified as homologous β-galactopyranosylceramides composed of 2-amino-(6E)-octadec-6-en-1,3,4-triol, and the major one, axidjiferoside-A (around 60%), contained 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid. Cytotoxicity was studied in vitro on human cancer cell lines (multiple myeloma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma and two lung cancer NSCLC-N6 and A549). Results of this investigation showed that axidjiferosides are of interest, because they proved a good antiplasmodial activity, with only a low cytotoxicity against various human cell lines and no significant antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity. Thus, it seems that galactosylceramides with a β anomeric configuration may be suitable in searching for new antimalarial drugs.

Pycnangloside: A New Cerebroside from Bark of Pycnanthus Angolensis

Pycnanthus anglonensis is known for its medicinal value. This paper deals with a phytochemical investigation of this species, from which pycnangloside (1), a new cerebroside has been isolated. Its structure was determined by comprehensive analyses of its 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, and ESI mass spectrometric data. Four known compounds were also isolated and identified as biochanin A, formonentin, β-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol glucopyranoside.

Ceramide and cerebrosides from the octocoral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi

Chemical investigation of the octocoral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi, collected at the Dongsha Islands, Taiwan, has led to the isolation of a known ceramide (1) and two new cerebrosides, sarcoehrenosides A (2) and B (4), along with three known cerebrosides (3, 5, and 6). The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Sarcoehrenoside A (2) differs from previously known marine cerebrosides in that it possesses a rare alpha-glucose moiety. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a small panel of bacteria and for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Phytolacacinoside A, a new triterpenoid saponin from Phytolacca acinosa Roxb

Phytolacacinoside A (1), a novel triterpenoid saponin, together with the seven known compounds, was isolated from 75% ethanol extract of the root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb (Phytolaccaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties as 3-O-beta-[(beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)]-11beta-methoxy-jaligonic acid 30-methyl ester 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)]-jaligonic acid 30-methyl ester 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2, esculentoside G), 3-O-beta-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)]-jaligonic acid 30-methyl ester (3, phytolaccoside E), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-jaligonic acid 30-methyl ester (4, phytolaccoside B), hypaphorine (5), palmitic acid monoglyceride (6), beta-sitosterol (7), and daucosterol (8).

Phenolic glycosides from Kaempferia parviflora

Three phenolic glycosides were isolated together with two known flavonol glycosides from the H2O-soluble fraction of rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora. Their structures were determined to be rel-(5aS,10bS)-5a,10b-dihydro-1,3,5a,9-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxy-6H-benz[b]indeno[1,2-d]furan-6-one 5a-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] (1), its rel-5aS,10bR isomer (2), and (2R,3S,4S)-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-3'-O-methyl-ent-epicatechin-(2alpha-->O-->3,4alpha-->4)-(5aS,10bS)-5a,10b-dihydro-1,3,5a,9-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxy-6H-benz[b]indeno[1,2-d]furan-6-one 5a-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] (3). The structures were elucidated on the basis of analyses of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Renierosides, cerebrosides from a marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp

Guided by the brine shrimp lethality assay, eight new cerebrosides (1-8) have been isolated from an extract of the marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. A novel feature of these cerebrosides was the presence of unprecedented amide-linked long-chain fatty acid moieties. The planar structures of the cerebrosides (1-8) were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometric analyses, and chemical degradation methods. The isolated compounds did not display cytotoxicity to a panel of five human solid tumor cell lines.

Sphingolipids with neuritogenic activity from Euphorbia sororia

Two groups of sphingolipids 1 and 2 were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia sororia. On the basis of spectroscopic data, chemical methods and GC-MS analysis, the structures of 1 and 2 were characterized as 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxydocosanoyl approximately hexacosanoyl, octacosanoyl amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-8-ene and (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxyeicosanoyl approximately hexacosanoyl amino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-8-ene, respectively. Both of them exhibited marked neuritogenic activity on the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line.

Cerebrosides from the roots of Serratula chinensis

A new cerebroside, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxy- palmitoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3-diol, along with aralia cerebroside and 1-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2-hydroxybehenoylamino]-8-octadecene-1,3,4-triol were isolated from the roots of Serratula chinensis S. Moore. The structure of the new cerebroside was established by spectroscopic and chemical means. Occurrence of cerebrosides in Serratula is reported here for the first time.

Steryl esters and phenylethanol esters from Syringa komarowii

Three new steryl esters and a new phenylethanol ester, together with 22 known compounds were isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of the whole plants of Syringa komarowii. The new compounds were elucidated as stigmastane-3beta,6alpha-diol 3-O-tetradecanoate (1), stigmastane-3beta,6alpha-diol 3-O-palmitate (2), stigmastane-3beta,6alpha-diol 3-O-stearate (3), and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl dotriacontanoate (4) on the basis of extensive spectral data and chemical evidences.

Norditerpenoid alkaloids and other components from the processed tubers ofaconitum carmichaeli

A new norditerpenoid and a known alkaloid were isolated from the alkaloidal fraction of the processed tubers of Aconitum carmichaeli. The structure of the new norditerpenoid alkaloid was elucidated as lipoforesaconitine (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The known norditerpenoid alkaloid was characterized as lipoyunanaconitine (2). In addition, a new flavonoid, 6"-O-acetylliquiritin (7), along with a known ceramide, (2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxylignoceroylamino]-8(E)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (3), as well as a known steroid saponin, gracillin (8), and three known flavonoids, liquiritigenin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), and liquiritin (6), were also isolated and characterized. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of the isolates were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

New ceramide from Alocasia macrorrhiza

A new ceramide alomacrorrhiza A was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the plant Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. Its chemical structure was elucidated as (2S,3S,4R)-2N-[(2'R)-2'-hydroxy-hexacosanoyl]-tetradecane-1,3,4-triol based on extensive 1D, 2D NMR, EI-MS, FAB-MS, HR-FAB-MS spectroscopic data and chemical degradation studies.

Phenolic glycosides from Pyrola japonica

Five new phenolic glycosides, 2-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-5-hydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (4), 4-hydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl]-5-methylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-hydroxy-2-[(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl]-5-methylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 4-hydroxy-2-[(2E,6Z)-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]-5-methylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 2,7-dimethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-5,8-diol 5-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), were isolated from the whole plants of Pyrola japonica (Pyrolaceae), together with androsin, (-)-syringaresinol glucoside, homoarbutin, pirolatin, hyperin, monotropein and chimaphilin.

Saponins and Other Constituents from the Leaves of Aralia elata

A new triterpenoid saponin, together with five known saponins, were isolated from the nonpolar n-hexane fraction of the leaves of Aralia elata. The structure of the new saponin, durupcoside C, was elucidated as hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The known saponins were characterized as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (alpha-hederin), and hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (collinsonidin). In addition, two known lipids, Arisaema glyceride 3 and ceramide mixtures were also isolated and characterized. Collinsonidin and two known lipids were isolated for the first time from this plant.

A sphingolipid and tyrosinase inhibitors from the fruiting body ofphellinus linteus

This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds from Phellinus linteus. A sphingolipid (1) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds (2, 3) along with two carboxylic acids (4, 5), were isolated from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus (Berk & Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1-omicron-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1 D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2 -5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) (3), succinic acid (4), and fumaric acid (5) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 0.40 and 90.8 microg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a Ki of 1.1 microM and 1.4 mM, respectively.

Isolation of flavonoids and a cerebroside from the stem bark ofAlbizzia julibrissin

From the EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of Albizzia julibrissin (Leguminosae), a rare 5-deoxyflavone (geraldone, 1), isookanin (2), luteolin (3), an isoflavone (daidzein, 4), five prenylated flavonoids [sophoflavescenol (5), kurarinone (6), kurarinol (7), kuraridin (8) and kuraridinol (9)], a cerebroside (soya-cerebroside I, 10), and (-)-syringaresinol-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11) were isolated and characterized on the basis of spectral data. Compounds 2, 3, and 11, showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.

Cerebrosides and a Monoacylmonogalactosylglycerol from Clinacanthus nutans

A mixture of nine cerebrosides and a monoacylmonogalactosylglycerol were separated from the leaves of Clinacanthus nutans. The structures of the cerebrosides were characterized as 1-O-beta-D-glucosides of phytosphingosines, which comprised a common long-chain base, (2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-amino-8(Z)-octadecene-1,3,4-triol with nine 2-hydroxy fatty acids of varying chain lengths (C(16), C(18), C(20-26)) linked to the amino group. The glycosylglyceride was characterized as (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylglycerol. The structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data and chemical reactions.

Study on the Chemical Constituents of the South China Sea Gorgonian Junceella juncea

A new steroidal glycoside--4'-O-acetyl-3-O-[beta-D-arabino-pyranosyl-oxy]-cholest-5-ene-3beta,19-diol (1), and a new glycerol derivative--1,2-O-[2'-hydroxyoctadecyl]-glycerol (2), along with 16 known compounds were isolated from the EtOH/CH2Cl2 extracts of the South China Sea gorgonian coral Junceella juncea. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR data.

New glyceroglycolipid and ceramide from Premna microphylla

Two new compounds (1,2) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna microphylla, together with five known compounds. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated as (2S,3S,4R,11E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylaminol-11-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1) and 1-O-(9Z,12Z, 15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)- O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl] glycerol (2) by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Norditerpenoid alkaloids from the processed tubers of Aconitum carmichaeli

Four new and five known norditerpenoid alkaloids were isolated from the processed tubers of Aconitum carmichaeli. The new alkaloids are 14-O-cinnamoylneoline (3), 14-O-anisoylneoline (4) 14-O-veratroylneoline (5), and lipo-14-O-anisoylbikhaconine (8). The known alkaloids are neoline (1), 14-O-acetylneoline (2), foresaconitine (6), crassicauline A (7), and lipohypaconitine (9). Alkaloids 2, 6, and 7 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The structures of the new alkaloids were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Ecdysteroids and other constituents from Sida spinosa L

Two compounds (3 and 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of Sida spinosa L. Their structures have been established as glyceryl-1-eicosanoate and 20-hydroxy, 24-hydroxymethylecdysone by 1D and 2D-NMR techniques. In addition 12 known compounds (1, 2, 4-9 and 11-14) have been isolated and identified.

Cerebrosides from Longan Arillus

From the pulp of Euphoria longana (Longan Arillus), three cerebroside molecular species have been isolated. Six known cerebrosides, soyacerebrosides I and II, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-(2'-lignoceroylamino)-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol (longan cerebroside I) and its 8Z isomer (longan cerebroside II), momor-cerebroside I, and phytolacca cerebroside, were identified as major components of these cerebroside molecular species. All the cerebrosides were shown to be a mixture of geometrical isomers (8E and 8Z) of sphingosine-type or phytosphingosine-type glucocerebrosides possessing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The structures of these cerebrosides have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Cerebrosides and terpene glycosides from the root of Aster scaber

Three cerebrosides 2, 3, and 5 and two terpene glycosides 1 and 4 have been isolated from the methanol extract of the root of Aster scaber. Their structures were determined as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid methyl ester (1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z, 15'Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-15'-tetracosenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (2), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-N-octadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (3), 1alpha-hydroxy-6beta-O-beta-D-glucosyl-eudesm-3-ene (4), and (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (5) on the basis of spectroscopic methods.

Constituents of the fruits and leaves of Euodia daniellii

Four flavonoid glycosides, flavaprin (7), evodioside B (8), vitexin (11), and hesperidin (12), as well as the coumarins bergapten (1), xanthotoxin (2), and isopimpinellin (3), the lignan simplexoside (10), the steroids beta-sitosterol (4) and daucosterol (5), the limonoids isolimonexic acid (6) and limonin (9), and uracil (13) and myo-inositol (14) have been isolated from Euodia daniellii. The structures of these compounds were established from spectral data. Among the isolates, bergapten showed cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 6.2 microg/ml. Flavonoids isolated from this plant exhibited no cytotoxic activity against the human tumor cell lines, A549, SKOV-3, SKMEL-2, XF498, and HCT15.