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Li YC, Wu CH, Le TH, Yuan Q, Huang L, Chen GF, Yang ML, Lam SH, Hung HY, Sun H, Wu YH, Kuo PC, Wu TS. A Modified 1H-NMR Quantification Method of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Ephedrae Herba Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11272. [PMID: 37511036 PMCID: PMC10378770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous 1H-NMR method allowed the quantification of ephedrine alkaloids; however, there were some disadvantages. The cyclized derivatives resulted from the impurities of diethyl ether were identified and benzene was selected as the better extraction solvent. The locations of ephedrine alkaloids were confirmed with 2D NMR. Therefore, a specific 1H-NMR method has been modified for the quantification of ephedrine alkaloids. Accordingly, twenty Ephedrae Herba samples could be classified into three classes: (I) E. sinica-like species; (II) E. intermedia-like species; (III) others (lower alkaloid contents). The results indicated that ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the major alkaloids in Ephedra plants, but the concentrations vary greatly determined by the plant species and the collection locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chiun Li
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Chia-Hung Wu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Thi Ha Le
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Qingjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100010, China; (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100010, China; (Q.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Guo-Fen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Sio-Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Handong Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Yi-Hung Wu
- Hsinhua Forest Station, The Experimental Forest Management Office, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.H.L.); (M.-L.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (H.-Y.H.)
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Hazarika S, Borah P, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Hemalatha S. Icacinaceae Plant Family: A Recapitulation of the Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biotechnological Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:1193-1217. [PMID: 37132105 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230502164605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Icacinaceae, an Angiospermic family comprising 35 genera and 212 accepted species, including trees, shrubs, and lianas with pantropical distribution, is one of the most outshining yet least explored plant families, which despite its vital role as a source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals has received a meagre amount of attraction from the scientific community. Interestingly, Icacinaceae is considered a potential alternative resource for camptothecin and its derivatives, which are used in treating ovarian and metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the concept of this family has been revised many times, but further recognition is still needed. The prime objective of this review is to compile the available information on this family in order to popularize it in the scientific community and the general population and promote extensive exploration of these taxa. The phytochemical preparations or isolated compounds from the Icacinaceae family have been centrally amalgamated to draw diverse future prospects from this inclusive plant species. The ethnopharmacological activities and the associated endophytes and cell culture techniques are also depicted. Nevertheless, the methodical evaluation of the Icacinaceae family is the only means to preserve and corroborate the folkloristic remedial effects and provide scientific recognition of its potencies before they are lost under the blanket of modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Hazarika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, Amman, 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Siva Hemalatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Characterization of camptothecin by analytical methods and determination of anticancer potential against prostate cancer. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Objective of present research work is to develop and validate cost-effective analytical tool for determination of camptothecin (CPT) and determine its anticancer potential against prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines. Structural elucidation has been performed by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and MTT assay utilized for in vitro cytotoxicity where spectrometric method was used for estimation of camptothecin.
Results
Mass spectra showed peak at 349.2 which matches to standard molecular weight of camptothecin. FTIR and NMR spectra conformed functional moieties and structure of isolated camptothecin which was nearly equal to values mentioned in standard structure of camptothecin. IC50 values of CPT against LNCaP cell lines was found to be 3.561 μg/ml. Lambda max of CPT was found to be at 225 nm and calibration curve found to be linear over the concentration range from 2 to 70 μg/ml of camptothecin. Developed method was found to be linear, accurate, and precise. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.0524 μg/ml and 0.1614 μg/ml, respectively. Developed method has % relative standard deviation less than one which is reproducible hence % recovery was found to be 99.80%.
Conclusions
FTIR, NMR, and mass spectrometry results conforms isolated compound was camptothecin; cytotoxicity study proves it has strong potential in treatment of prostate carcinoma as competent alternative to chemotherapy in the form of herbal medicine and the developed UV method proves to be valid, sensitive, and applicable for rapid, accurate, precise, and economical determination of camptothecin.
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4
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Yin T, Lu J, Liu Q, Zhu G, Zhang W, Jiang Z. Validated Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Indole Alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31810-31817. [PMID: 34870003 PMCID: PMC8638010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, known as "Gou-Teng" in Chinese, is derived mainly from the dried hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Quantitative determination of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids is critical for controlling its quality. In the present study, a rapid, accurate, and precise method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of four characteristic components, namely, rhynchophylline (1), isorhynchophylline (2), corynoxeine (3), and isocorynoxeine (4), through 1H NMR spectrometry techniques. This method was performed on a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer with optimized acquisition parameters for performing quantitative experiments within 14 min. The highly deshielded signal of NH was at δH 10-11 in the aprotic solvent DMSO-d 6, which enables satisfactory separation of the signals to be integrated. Validation of the quantitative method was also performed in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The method is linear in the concentration range of 25-400 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification is 25 μg/mL. The intra- and interday relative standard deviation across three validation runs over the entire concentration range is less than 2.51%. The accuracy determined at three concentrations was within ±4.4% in terms of relative error. The proposed qNMR method was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for quantifying the alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) due to its unique advantages of high precision, rapid analysis, and nonrequirement of standard compounds for calibration curve preparation. Moreover, qNMR represents a feasible alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography-based methods for the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Faculty
of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Jingguang Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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5
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A Rapid and Feasible 1H-NMR Quantification Method of Ephedrine Alkaloids in Ephedra Herbal Preparations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061599. [PMID: 33805790 PMCID: PMC8001580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly specific and sensitive proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method has been developed for the quantification of ephedrine alkaloid derivatives in Ephedra herbal commercial prescriptions. At the region of δ 4.0 to 5.0 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum, the characteristic signals are separated well from each other, and six analogues in total, methylephedrine (ME), ephedrine (EP), norephedrine (NE), norpseudoephedrine (NP), pseudoephedrine (PE), and methylpseudoephedrine (MP) could be identified. The quantities of these compounds are calculated by the relative ratio of the integral values of the target peak for each compound to the known concentrations of the internal standard anthracene. The present method allows for a rapid and simple quantification of ephedrine alkaloid derivatives in Ephedra-related commercial prescriptions without any preliminary purification steps and standard compounds, and accordingly it can be a powerful tool to verify different Ephedra species. In comparison to conventional chromatographic methods, the advantages of this method include the fact that no standard compounds are required, the quantification can be directly performed on the crude extracts, a better selectivity for various ephedrine alkaloid derivatives, and the fact that a very significant time-gain may be achieved.
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Imai A, Lankin DC, Gödecke T, Chen SN, Pauli GF. NMR based quantitation of cycloartane triterpenes in black cohosh extracts. Fitoterapia 2019; 141:104467. [PMID: 31887327 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cycloartane triterpene content in the roots/rhizomes (RR) and aerial parts (PX) of Actaea racemosa (AR), A. podocarpa (AP), and A. cordifolia (AC) have been investigated by quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR). Thereby, it was demonstrated that qHNMR represents a powerful methodology for the analysis of crude plant extracts as it does not rely on the rarely available identical reference triterpenes. Specifically, the presence of the characteristic C-19 cyclopropane (exo/endo) hydrogen signals made it possible to quantify the less common/not ubiquitously present group of cycloartane triterpenes, directly in extracts. As an example, ARPX and ARRR were shown to contain, 3.8-20.8% ± 8.2% and 7.2-19.3% ± 4.0% of cycloartane triterpenes, respectively. The cycloartane concentration in ACPX and ACRR was 7.5-8.7% ± 0.8% and 13.9-28.5% ± 7.3%, respectively, based on the weight of the extract. AP was shown to contain notably lower amounts of the cycloartane triterpenes as compared to AR and AC in the roots/rhizomes. The content for APPX and APRR was only 2.1-3.3% ± 0.7% and 1.1-4.0% ± 1.5%, respectively. In addition, an example is presented for the identification of specific cycloartanes as marker compounds for AR within crude extracts based on the same qHNMR spectra and 2D NMR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Imai
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - David C Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Tanja Gödecke
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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7
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Pu X, Zhang CR, Zhu L, Li QL, Huang QM, Zhang L, Luo YG. Possible clues for camptothecin biosynthesis from the metabolites in camptothecin-producing plants. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:113-128. [PMID: 30794920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant derived camptothecin (CPT) is a pentacyclic pyrroloquinoline alkaloid with unique antitumor activity. Successive discoveries of new CPT-producing plants occurred in recent years due to market demands. The scattered distribution among angiosperms drew researchers' attention. The aim of this review is to appraise the literature available to date for CPT distribution and the phytochemistry of these CPT-producing plants. Metabolite comparative analyses between the plants were also conducted for tracking of possible clues for CPT biosynthesis. Forty-three plant species in total were reported to possess CPT-producing capability, and one hundred twenty-five alkaloids classified into three major categories are summarized herein. Metabolite comparative analysis between these plants suggests the probability that the formation of the central intermediate for CPT biosynthesis has multiple origins. A more complete biogenetic reasoning for CPT and its structural homolog was delineated based on this fragmentary phytochemical evidence from a chemical point of view. Furthermore, an in-house compound database was constructed for further metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Pu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Cheng-Rui Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qi-Long Li
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Qian-Ming Huang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ying-Gang Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Bioassay guided fractionation and cytotoxic activity of Daucus carota var. boissieri. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fjps.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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A feasible and practical 1H NMR analytical method for the quality control and quantification of bioactive principles in Lycii Fructus. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1105-1112. [PMID: 29976403 PMCID: PMC9303018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycii Fructus, a solanaceous drug, is widely used as functional foods and in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Samples collected from different regions of China have been found to be not identical in chemical compositions which might affect the biological activities. Although many chromatographic and spectrometric methods have been reported to determine the concentration of betaine and other bioactive amino acids, disturbance resulted from other polar substances with low UV-absorbance and expensive mass facilities reduced the applicability of these techniques. In the present study, the strong cation exchange solid phase extraction procedure incorporated with 1H NMR was successfully developed as a rapid and reliable method that can simultaneously determine betaine, citric acid, threonine, alanine, and proline in various Lycii Fructus. In addition, ERETIC 2 method based on PULCON principle was also applied and compared with conventional method. This feasible and practical method offers a very powerful tool for the quality control of commercial Lycii Fructus from different sources.
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10
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Fattahi A, Karimi N, Rahmati F, Shokoohinia Y, Sadrjavadi K. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of camptothecin conjugated poly amino ester–methyl ether poly ethylene glycol copolymer. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12951-12959. [PMID: 35541238 PMCID: PMC9079732 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, camptothecin grafted poly amino ester-methyl ether polyethylene glycol (CPT-PEA-MPEG) as a novel copolymer was synthesized by Michael reaction at different ratios of MPEG and CPT (60 : 40 and 80 : 20). The microemulsion was used to prepare nanomicelles, and in vitro cytotoxicity was performed on the HT29 cell line, and cell survival was measured by MTT assay. The syntheses were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR. Several characterization methods including CMC, particle size, size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy were performed to evaluate features of prepared nanomicelles. Low critical micelle concentration, small particle size and IC50 of 0.1 mg ml−1 at MPEG to CPT ratio of 60 : 40 make this micelle a promising drug delivery carrier. CPT-PAE-MPEG nanomicelles at a MPEG : CPT ratio of 60 : 40 can be a suitable choice to improve the physiochemical properties of CPT and its therapeutic effect, while it can be potentially used as a nano-carrier for other anticancer drugs to purpose a dual drug delivery. In the present study, camptothecin grafted poly amino ester-methyl ether polyethylene glycol (CPT-PEA-MPEG) as a novel copolymer was synthesized by Michael reaction at different ratios of MPEG and CPT (60 : 40 and 80 : 20).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fattahi
- Medical Biology Research Center
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Nadia Karimi
- Medical Biology Research Center
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati
- Student Research Committee
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Komail Sadrjavadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- School of Pharmacy
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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11
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Efficient purification of camptothecin via aqueous two-phase system composed of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium benzoate ionic liquid and K2CO3. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-5488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Karmakar UK, Toume K, Ishikawa N, Arai MA, Sadhu SK, Ahmed F, Ishibashi M. Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Compounds from Datura Stramonium with TRAIL-Resistance Overcoming Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL is a potent inducer of apoptosis in most cancer cells, but not in normal cells, and therefore has deserved intense interest as a promising agent for cancer therapy. In the search for bioactive natural products for overcoming TRAIL-resistance, we previously reported a number of active compounds. In our screening program on natural resources targeting overcoming TRAIL-resistance, activity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Datura stramonium leaves led to the isolation of three alkaloids – scopolamine (1), trigonelline (2), and tyramine (3). Compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited TRAIL-resistance overcoming activity at 50, 150, and 100 μM, respectively in TRAIL-resistant AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal K. Karmakar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Midori A. Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
| | | | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dhaka University, Bangladesh
| | - Masami Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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13
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Kumar D. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy For Metabolic Profiling of Medicinal Plants and Their Products. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:400-12. [PMID: 26575437 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has multidisciplinary applications, including excellent impact in metabolomics. The analytical capacity of NMR spectroscopy provides information for easy qualitative and quantitative assessment of both endogenous and exogenous metabolites present in biological samples. The complexity of a particular metabolite and its contribution in a biological system are critically important for understanding the functional state that governs the organism's phenotypes. This review covers historical aspects of developments in the NMR field, its applications in chemical profiling, metabolomics, and quality control of plants and their derived medicines, foods, and other products. The bottlenecks of NMR in metabolic profiling are also discussed, keeping in view the future scope and further technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- a Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , India
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14
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Sun YJ, Zhang YL, Wang Y, Wang JM, Zhao X, Gong JH, Gao W, Guan YB. Purity Assessment of Aryltetralin Lactone Lignans by Quantitative 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Molecules 2015; 20:9671-85. [PMID: 26016553 PMCID: PMC6272673 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a quantitative 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qHNMR) was established for purity assessment of six aryltetralin lactone lignans. The validation of the method was carried out, including specificity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Several experimental parameters were optimized, including relaxation delay (D1), scan numbers (NS), and pulse angle. 1,4-Dinitrobenzene was used as internal standard (IS), and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) as the NMR solvent. The purities were calculated by the area ratios of H-2,6 from target analytes vs. aromatic protons from IS. Six aryltetralin lactone lignans (deoxypodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin, 4-demethylpodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin-7′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 4-demethylpodophyllotoxin-7′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6′′-acetyl-podophyllotoxin-7′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) were analyzed. The analytic results of qHNMR were further validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, the qHNMR method was a rapid, accurate, reliable tool for monitoring the purity of aryltetralin lactone lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Jun-Min Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yan-Bin Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis, Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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15
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Namdeo AG, Sharma A. HPLC analysis of camptothecin content in various parts of Nothapodytes foetida collected on different periods. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:389-93. [PMID: 23569936 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the content of topoisomerase I-DNA inhibitor alkaloid camptothecin (CPT) from various parts of Nothapodytes foetida (N. foetida) collected from the month of October to February. METHODS The content of CPT was quantified in the methanolic extract of various parts of N. foetida using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification was performed with the regression analysis and the method was validated as per ICH guidelines. RESULTS The results revealed that maximum concentrations of camptothecin were found in root (2.62%) collected in the month of February followed by fruits (January, 1.22%), stem (January, 0.81%) and leaves (February, 0.70%). Roots were found to have 3-fold higher concentration of CPT than the leaves and stem, while the fruits showed 2-fold higher concentration. Maximum concentration of camptothecin in fruits was observed in month of January, when they were not fully mature, which was 2-fold higher than that of young and fully mature fruits. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the synthesis of CPT differs in different parts of N. foetida and the content varies periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Namdeo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra - 411038, India
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16
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Garrido BC, de Carvalho LJ. Nuclear magnetic resonance using electronic referencing: method validation and evaluation of the measurement uncertainties for the quantification of benzoic acid in orange juice. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:135-141. [PMID: 25303142 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have become more popular over the last decade. The introduction of new methods and experimental parameters has been of fundamental importance in the development of new applications. Amongst these new developments is the introduction of electronic referencing for quantifications. The use of electronic referencing eliminates errors in the analyses as a result of weighting of internal standards as well as undesired problems as a result of the solubility of the standards in the analyte solution and chemical interactions between the analyte and the internal standard. In this work, we have studied the quantification of a very important analyte in a food matrix, benzoic acid in orange juice, as a model to the validation and measurement uncertainty estimation of electronic referencing using (1)H NMR in food analyses. The referencing method applied was the pulse length-based concentration measurement. Method was validated and showed good results for the precision and accuracy parameters evaluated. A certified reference material and a reference material candidate were analyzed, and extremely good results were obtained. Reported relative expanded uncertainties are in the 1.07-1.39% range that can be considered an extremely good performance for the analysis of a food complex matrix. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated by two different approaches, and the pulse calibrations for the samples and for the reference have been shown to account for approximately 80% of the total uncertainty of the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Garrido
- Brazilian National Institute for Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro) - Scientific Metrology Directorship, Chemical Metrology Division, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Wang H, Ao M, Wu J, Yu L. TNFα and Fas/FasL pathways are involved in 9-Methoxycamptothecin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells with oxidative stress and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:396-410. [PMID: 23369935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
9-Methoxycamptothecin (MCPT) has been recently reported to have a strong anticancer activity. However, its detailed mechanism of action in human cancer cells has not been well clarified. The results showed that MCPT induced cytotoxicity in seven human cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner after 72h, with A2780 and Hela cell lines more sensitive, so the two cell lines were chosen to do further studies. MCPT induced strong G2/M arrest in both A2780 cells and Hela cells after 24h, following by substantial sub-G1 arrest (indicating apoptosis). The apoptosis was verified by staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. ROS generation increased significantly in MCPT-induced apoptosis. Meanwhile, the apoptosis appeared to be dependent on caspase-3, -8 and -9 in A2780 cells, and caspase-3 in Hela cells. In addition, MCPT induced up-regulation expression of most of seventeen genes in both cell lines. Western blot verified that changes of TNFα, Fas, P53 and P27 protein level were consistent with their gene expression changes. Taken together, MCPT plays an important role in tumor growth suppression by inducing apoptosis in both cell lines via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, and has the potential to be developed into an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Pauli GF, Gödecke T, Jaki BU, Lankin DC. Quantitative 1H NMR. Development and potential of an analytical method: an update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:834-51. [PMID: 22482996 PMCID: PMC3384681 DOI: 10.1021/np200993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering the literature from mid-2004 until the end of 2011, this review continues a previous literature overview on quantitative (1)H NMR (qHNMR) methodology and its applications in the analysis of natural products. Among the foremost advantages of qHNMR is its accurate function with external calibration, the lack of any requirement for identical reference materials, a high precision and accuracy when properly validated, and an ability to quantitate multiple analytes simultaneously. As a result of the inclusion of over 170 new references, this updated review summarizes a wealth of detailed experiential evidence and newly developed methodology that supports qHNMR as a valuable and unbiased analytical tool for natural product and other areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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19
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Jiang Y, David B, Tu P, Barbin Y. Recent analytical approaches in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 657:9-18. [PMID: 19951752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention all over the world, due to their specific theory and long historical clinical practice. But the uncontrollable quality is a bottleneck for its modernization and globalization. This paper reviewed the recent analytical methods in the quality control of TCMs, including screening strategies of bioactive markers from TCMs through biochromatographic methods, the traditional chromatographic methods, DNA methods, as well as the spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, NIR and NMR. The comprehensive methods, such as fingerprint and multi-component quantification are emphasized; hyphenated techniques, like HPLC-MS, GC-MS, CE-MS, LC-NMR, chemometric methods, and combination of chemical and biological methods, such as biofingerprint, metabolic fingerprint are now more and more widely used in TCMs. In a few word, the analysis and quality control of TCMs are moving towards an integrative and comprehensive direction, in order to better address the inherent holistic nature of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Li CY, Tsai SI, Damu AG, Wu TS. A rapid and simple determination of protoberberine alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis by 1H NMR and its application for quality control of commercial prescriptions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:1272-6. [PMID: 19345543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple, convenient, sensitive and accurate analytical methods are needed for the analysis of alkaloid components in Rhizoma Coptidis in traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has important bioactivity. In the present study, a highly specific and sensitive method using (1)H NMR has been developed for the quantitative determination of protoberberine alkaloids berberine, palmatine, coptisine and jatrorrhizine in Coptis species and their commercial traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. A (1)H NMR analysis of the H-13 signals of target protoberberine alkaloids was performed. By comparing the solvent effects on the resolution of these signals, methanol-d(4)-benzene-d(6) (75:25) is selected as an optimal (1)H NMR solvent. The quantity of the compounds is calculated by the relative ratio of the integral values of the target peak for each compound to the known amount of the internal standard anthracene. This method allows rapid and simple quantitation of protoberberine alkaloids from Coptis species and the more complex commercial prescriptions in 5 min without any pre-purification steps. The recoveries of these alkaloids from Coptis chinensis are in the range of 93-105%. Limit of detection of berberine in the plant material or prescription is 0.03 mg/mL. The advantages of this method are that no reference compounds are required for calibration curves, the quantification can be directly realized on a crude extract, and the better selectivity for protoberberine alkaloids and a very significant time-gain can be achieved, in comparison to conventional HPLC methods, for instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, National PingTung University of Education, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
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21
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Camptothecinoids from the seeds of Taiwanese Nothapodytes foetida. Molecules 2008; 13:1361-71. [PMID: 18596662 PMCID: PMC6245332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new alkaloids, 9-methoxy-18,19-dehydrocamptothecin (1) and 5-hydroxymappicine-20-O-β-glucopyranoside (2a/2b as a racemic mixture), together with nine known compounds: camptothecin (3), 9-methoxy-camptothecin (4), 5-hydroxy-camptothecin (5a/5b racemic mixture), 5-hydroxy-9-methoxycamptothecin (6a/6b racemic mixture), diosmetin (7), apigenin (8), apigenin-7-O-glucopyranoside (9), rosin (cinnamyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) (10) and amarantholidoside IV (11) were isolated from the immature seeds of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. In the present research, compounds 1, 3, 4, 5a/5b and 6a/6b, also showed in vitro cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, and Ca9-22). Among them, compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against these cancer cell lines, with IC50 of 0.24-6.57 μM. Furthermore, HPLC profiles were developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of these active constituents in different parts of this plant, including mature and immature seeds, leaves, stems and roots. The results revealed that compounds 3 and 4 have the highest concentrations, which are found in the roots part of the plant.
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22
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Hsiao HY, Cheng TJ, Yang GM, Huang IJ, Chen RLC. Determination of camptothecins in DMSO extracts of Nothapodytes foetida by direct injection capillary electrophoresis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:136-40. [PMID: 17853380 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid capillary electrophoresis procedure was developed for determining the anti-cancer components, camptothecins, in Nothapodytes foetida. The hydrophobic compound was extracted from plant tissue (ca. 1 mL of DMSO for 100 mg of dried plant tissue) with a water-miscible organic solvent, DMSO, at elevated temperature (60 degrees C). The extract was directly injected into the separation capillary (untreated fused silica, 34 cm in length, 75 microm i.d.) and analysed in MEKC mode (369 nm). Within 5 min of migration, camptothecins were successfully separated and quantified by adding organic modifiers to the running buffer (20% DMSO, 90 mm SDS in 10 mm borate buffer, pH 8.60). The linear dynamic range for camptothecin was from 5 to 400 microg/mL. This method was proven to be very suitable for monitoring the amount of camptothecins during the cultivation of the medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Yi Hsiao
- Department of Bio-Industrial Mechatronics Engineering, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Liu SY, Hu CQ. A comparative uncertainty study of the calibration of macrolide antibiotic reference standards using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance and mass balance methods. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 602:114-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene lactone cnicin in seven Centaurea species wild-growing in Serbia and Montenegro using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2007. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0712275t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1H-NMR spectroscopy was applied for the quantitative analysis of cnicin, a bioactive germacranolide type sesquiterpene lactone, in the aerial parts of seven wild-growing Centaurea species collected in Serbia and Montenegro. The analysis was performed by comparison of the integral of the one-proton signal of cnicin (H-13, ? 5.75) with that of the two-proton singlet ( ? 6.98) of 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT), used as the internal standard. Cnicin, within the concentration range 1.06-6.12 mg/g, calculated per weight of the fresh plant material was detected in six species, the exception being C. salonitana. This method allows the rapid and simple quantification of cnicin without any pre-purification step.
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25
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Li CY, Lu HJ, Lin CH, Wu TS. A rapid and simple determination of protoberberine alkaloids in cortex phellodendri by 1H NMR and its application for quality control of commercial traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:173-8. [PMID: 16061339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Huangbai (cortex Phellodendri, the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense or Phellodendron chinense) is one of the important traditional Chinese medicines. Protoberberine alkaloids were reported to contribute to the biological activity of this species. A highly specific and sensitive method using (1)H NMR has been developed for the quantitative determination of protoberberine alkaloids in Phellodendron species and their commercial traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. In the region of delta 8.6-8.9, the signals of H-13 of berberine (1) and palmatine (2), were well separated from other signals in methanol-d(4). The quantity of the compounds was calculated by the relative ratio of the integral values of the target peak of each compound to the known amount of internal standard anthracene. This method allows rapid and simple quantization of protoberberine alkaloids from Phellodendron species or the more complex commercial prescriptions in 5 min without any pre-purification steps. The recoveries of berberine and palmatine from P. amurense were in the range of 95-106%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of them were 1.0 and 1.8 microg/mL, respectively. The advantages of the method were that no reference compounds are required for calibration curves, the quantification could be directly realized on a crude extract, the better selectivity for protoberberine alkaloids and a very significant time-gain could be achieved, in comparison to conventional HPLC methods, for instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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26
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:63-70. [PMID: 16454478 DOI: 10.1002/pca.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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