1
|
Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Nakamura S, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. New biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins. J Nat Med 2023; 77:644-664. [PMID: 37436646 PMCID: PMC10465407 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current review, we describe the novel biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins, including elatosides, momordins, senegasaponins, camelliasaponins, and escins, obtained from Aralia elata (bark, root cortex, young shoot), Kochia scoparia (fruit), Polygala senega var. latifolia (roots), Camellia japonica (seeds), and Aesculus hippocastanum (seeds), considering the following biofunctional activities: (1) inhibitory effects on elevated levels of blood alcohol and glucose in alcohol and glucose-loaded rats, respectively, (2) inhibitory effects on gastric emptying in rats and mice, (3) accelerative effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice, and (4) protective effects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. In addition, we describe (5) suppressive effects of the extract and chakasaponins from Camellia sinensis (flower buds) on obesity based on inhibition of food intake in mice. The active saponins were classified into the following three types: (1) olean-12-en-28-oic acid 3-O-monodesmoside, (2) olean-12-ene 3,28-O-acylated bisdesmoside, and (3) acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene 3-O-monodesmoside. Furthermore, common modes of action, such as involvements of capsaicin-sensitive nerves, endogenous NO and PGs, and possibly sympathetic nerves, as well as common structural requirements, were observed. Based on our findings, a common mechanism of action might mediate the pharmacological effects of active saponins. It should be noted that the gastrointestinal tract is an important action site of saponins, and the role of the saponins in the gastrointestinal tract should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparative Analysis of the Phenolic Profile of Lycium barbarum L. Fruits from Different Regions in China. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185842. [PMID: 36144578 PMCID: PMC9501245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. (LB) fruits have high nutritive values and therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the differences in phenolic composition of LB fruits from different geographical regions. Different methods of characterization and statistical analysis of data showed that different geographic sources of China could be significantly separated from each other. The highest total phenolic compound (TPC) content was observed in LB fruits from Ningxia (LBN), followed by those from Gansu (LBG) and Qinghai (LBQ). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of LB fruits revealed that LBQ had a peak at 2972 cm−1 whereas there was no similar peak in LBG and LBQ. A new HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of 8 phenolic compounds by quantitative analysis of multiple components by a single marker (QAMS), including 4 phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, and ferulic acid), 1 coumarin (scopoletin), and 3 flavonoids (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, and narcissoside). It was showed that rutin was the most dominant phenolic compound in LBQ, although the average content of 4 phenolic acids was also high in LBQ, and scopoletin was the richest in LBG. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the phenolics, which showed LBN was abundant in phenolic acids, LBQ was rich in flavonoids, and coumarins were the most plentiful in LBG. In conclusion, this study can provide references for the quality control and evaluation of phenolics in LB fruits and their by-products.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Xie GL, Ma JL, Huang XQ, Gu Y, Huang L, Chen HY, Ouyang XL. Phytochemical constituents of Camellia osmantha fruit cores with antithrombotic activity. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1510-1519. [PMID: 35592273 PMCID: PMC9094467 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia osmantha is a new species of the genus Camellia and is an economically important ornamental plant. Its activity and ingredients are less studied than other Camellia plants. This study investigated the antithrombotic effect and chemical components of C. osmantha fruit cores using platelet aggregation assays and coagulation function tests. The cores of C. osmantha fruits were extracted with ethanol to obtain a crude extract. The extract was dissolved in water and further eluted with different concentrations of methanol on an MCI resin column to obtain three fractions. These samples were used for antithrombotic activity tests and phytochemical analysis. The results showed that the extract and its fractions of C. osmantha have strong antithrombotic activity, significantly reducing the platelet aggregation rate and prolonging the thrombin time (TT). The total saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols in the active fractions may be responsible for the antithrombotic activity. The chemical constituents were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Twenty-three compounds were identified rapidly and accurately. Among them, ellagic acid, naringenin, and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide may be important antithrombotic constituents. Furthermore, interactions between these compounds and the P2Y1 receptor were investigated via molecular modeling, because the P2Y1 receptor is a key drug target of antiplatelet aggregative activity. The molecular docking results suggested that these compounds could combine tightly with the P2Y1R protein. Our results showed that C. osmantha fruit cores are rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which can be developed into a promising antithrombotic functional beverage for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute Nanning China
| | - Gui-Liang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy Gannan Healthcare Vocational College Ganzhou China
| | - Jin-Lin Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute Nanning China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Gannan Healthcare Vocational College Ganzhou China
| | - Yao Gu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute Nanning China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Public Health and Management Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Baise China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute Nanning China
| | - Xi-Lin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy Gannan Healthcare Vocational College Ganzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mannochio-Russo H, Bueno PCP, Bauermeister A, de Almeida RF, Dorrestein PC, Cavalheiro AJ, Bolzani VS. Can Statistical Evaluation Tools for Chromatographic Method Development Assist in the Natural Products Workflow? A Case Study on Selected Species of the Plant Family Malpighiaceae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3239-3249. [PMID: 33196207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper chromatographic methods may reduce the challenges inherent in analyzing natural product extracts, especially when utilizing hyphenated detection techniques involving mass spectrometry. As there are many variations one can introduce during chromatographic method development, this can become a daunting and time-consuming task. To reduce the number of runs and time needed, the use of instrumental automatization and commercial software to apply Quality by Design and statistical analysis automatically can be a valuable approach to investigate complex matrices. To evaluate this strategy in the natural products workflow, a mixture of nine species from the family Malpighiaceae was investigated. By this approach, the entire data collection and method development procedure (comprising screening, optimization, and robustness simulation) was accomplished in only 4 days, resulting in very low limits of detection and quantification. The analysis of the individual extracts also proved the efficiency of the use of a mixture of extracts for this workflow. Molecular networking and library searches were used to annotate a total of 61 compounds, including O-glycosylated flavonoids, C-glycosylated flavonoids, quinic/shikimic acid derivatives, sterols, and other phenols, which were efficiently separated by the method developed. These results support the potential of statistical tools for chromatographic method optimization as an efficient approach to reduce time and maximize resources, such as solvents, to get proper chromatographic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mannochio-Russo
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paula Carolina P Bueno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Rafael Felipe de Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lamol Lab, Feira de Santana State University (UEFS), Feira de Santana, BA 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-901, Araraquara, SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen D, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X, Ye H. Physiological genetics, chemical composition, health benefits and toxicology of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) flower: A review. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109584. [PMID: 33233193 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The flower of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plant has been paid an increasing attention in the last twenty years, since it was found that tea flowers contained representative constituents similar to those of tea leaves, such as catechins, caffeine and amino acids. Tea flower is theoretically valuable although it has been considered as an industrial waste over a long period of time. This review summarizes the research findings conducted until now on physiological genetics, chemical composition, health benefits and toxicology of tea flowers, aiming to foresee their future applications. A lot of genes are involved in flower development and the synthesis and transmission of various chemicals in tea flowers. The chemical composition of tea flower consists mainly of catechins, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids and saponins and thus tea flower possesses various health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antitumor, hypoglycemic, anti-obesity and anti-allergic activities. Moreover, tea flower contains a protease that can elevate the free amino acids content in the tea infusion by almost two folds. More importantly, the enzymatic activity of the protease is much higher than that of the commercially available proteases. Additionally, aqueous extracts of tea flower are demonstrated to safe to animals. Thus, the potential uses of tea flowers in food and medical fields are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Hamoud GA, Saud Orfali R, Perveen S, Mizuno K, Takeda Y, Nehira T, Masuda K, Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Otsuka H, Matsunami K. Lasianosides A-E: New Iridoid Glucosides from the Leaves of Lasianthus verticillatus (Lour.) Merr. and Their Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213995. [PMID: 31694179 PMCID: PMC6864479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) consists of approximately 180 species, of which the greatest species diversity is found in tropical Asia. Some of the Lasianthus species have been used in folk medicine to treat tinnitus, arthritis, fever, and bleeding. Lasianthus verticillatus (Lour.) Merr. (Syn. Lasianthus trichophlebus auct. non Hemsl.) is a shrub, branchlets terete about 1.5–3 m in height. This paper studies the chemical composition of the leaves of L. verticillatus for the first time, which resulted in the isolation of five undescribed iridoid glucosides, lasianosides A–E (1–5), together with three known compounds (6–8). The undescribed structures of isolated compounds (1–5) were characterized by physical and spectroscopic data analyses, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, IR, UV, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra (HR-ESI-MS). Furthermore, the electronic circular dichroism data determined the absolute configurations of the new compounds. The free radical scavenging properties of isolated compounds was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, and their cytotoxicity was assessed toward human lung cancer cell line A549 by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Among the isolated compounds, 3 and 4 displayed potent radical scavenging activities with IC50 values of 30.2 ± 1.8 and 32.0 ± 1.2 µM, which were comparable to that of Trolox (29.2 ± 0.39 µM), respectively, while 5 possessed moderate activity with an IC50 value of 46.4 ± 2.3 µM. None of the isolated compounds exerted cytotoxicity against human cell line A549. As a result, lasianosides C, D, and E have the potential to be non-toxic safe antioxidant agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadah Abdulaziz Al-Hamoud
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (G.A.A.-H.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raha Saud Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (R.S.O.); (K.M.); Tel.: +966-11-8055014 (R.S.O.); +81-82-257-5335 (K.M.)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kenta Mizuno
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takeda
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-1 Minamijosanjima-Cho, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (T.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuma Masuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (T.N.); (K.M.)
| | - Sachiko Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (G.A.A.-H.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.)
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (G.A.A.-H.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (G.A.A.-H.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (G.A.A.-H.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.O.); (K.M.); Tel.: +966-11-8055014 (R.S.O.); +81-82-257-5335 (K.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Desoukey SY, Katakawa K, Wanas AS, Otsuka H, Matsunami K. Isolation of Sesquiterpene-Amino Acid Conjugates, Onopornoids A-D, and a Flavonoid Glucoside from Onopordum alexandrinum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1471-1477. [PMID: 31199638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of a variety of compounds such as pyrrolidine derivatives, flavonoids, and megastigmanes in Egyptian plants. Onopordum alexandrinum has been traditionally used by the natives for treatment of skin cancers and leprosy. In this paper the isolation of four new sesquiterpene-amino acid conjugates, onopornoids A-D (1-4), i.e., three elemanes and one germacrane, and a new acylated flavonoid glucoside (5) along with nine known compounds (6-14) from the whole aerial parts of the title plant is discussed. The structures were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic/spectrometric data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| | - Samar Y Desoukey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Kazuaki Katakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Musashino University , 11-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi , Tokyo 202-8585 , Japan
| | - Amira S Wanas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Yasuda Women's University , 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi , Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153 , Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Hiroshima University , 1-2-3 Kasumi , Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdulaziz Al-Hamoud G, Saud Orfali R, Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Alothyqi N, Mohammed Alzahrani A, Matsunami K. Four New Flavonoids Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk. (Qadab). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112167. [PMID: 31181831 PMCID: PMC6600330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadaba rotundifolia (Forssk.) (family: Capparaceae; common name: Qadab) is one of four species that grow in the Red Sea costal region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The roots and leaves of C. rotundifolia is traditionally used to treat tumors and abscesses in Sudan. A previous phytochemical study of the roots yielded a quaternary alkaloid, but no report on chemical constituents of the aerial parts of the C. rotundifolia growing in Saudi Arabia has been issued so far. Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought as causal factors in many degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis and aging. In this study, a total of twenty compounds, including four previously undescribed acylated kaempferol glucosides, were isolated from the aerial parts of C. rotundifolia collected in Saudi Arabia. These new compounds were identified as kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(trans-feruloyl)-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-[2-O-(cis-p-coumaroyl)-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-[2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-[6-O-(trans-feruloyl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) and kaempferol 3-O-[2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-[6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were established based on UV-visible, 1D, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Of the assayed compounds, 17 and 18 showed potent radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 14.5 and 11.7 µM, respectively, and inhibitory activity toward AGEs together with compound 7 with IC50 values 96.5, 34.9 and 85.5 µM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadah Abdulaziz Al-Hamoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raha Saud Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11495 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Nafee Alothyqi
- Department of Biology, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109 Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Mohammed Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Arts and Sciences in Qilwah, Al-Baha University, 1988 Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meng XH, Li N, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Plant Resources, Chemical Constituents, and Bioactivities of Tea Plants from the Genus Camellia Section Thea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5318-5349. [PMID: 30449099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea, as one of the most popular beverages with various bioactivities, is commonly produced from the fresh leaves of two widely cultivated tea plants, Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. Both plants belong to the genus Camellia section Thea, which was considered to have 12 species and 6 varieties according to Min's taxonomic system. Most species, except the cultivated species, are known as wild tea plants and have been exploited and utilized to produce tea by the local people of its growing areas. Thus far, six species and varieties have been phytochemically studied, leading to the identification of 398 compounds, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other phenolic and related compounds. Various beneficial health effects were reported for tea and its components, involving antioxidant, antitumor, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. In this review, the geographical distribution of tea plants and the chemical constituents (1-398) reported from the genus Camellia section Thea and some tea products (green, black, oolong, and pu-erh tea) that have ever been studied between 1970 and 2018 have been summarized, taking species as the main hint, and the main biological activities are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Dong F, Tu Y, Yang Z. Occurrence of Functional Molecules in the Flowers of Tea (Camellia sinensis) Plants: Evidence for a Second Resource. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040790. [PMID: 29596355 PMCID: PMC6017242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important crop, and its leaves are used to make the most widely consumed beverage, aside from water. People have been using leaves from tea plants to make teas for a long time. However, less attention has been paid to the flowers of tea plants, which is a waste of an abundant resource. In the past 15 years, researchers have attempted to discover, identify, and evaluate functional molecules from tea flowers, and have made insightful and useful discoveries. Here, we summarize the recent investigations into these functional molecules in tea flowers, including functional molecules similar to those in tea leaves, as well as the preponderant functional molecules in tea flowers. Tea flowers contain representative metabolites similar to those of tea leaves, such as catechins, flavonols, caffeine, and amino acids. The preponderant functional molecules in tea flowers include saponins, polysaccharides, aromatic compounds, spermidine derivatives, and functional proteins. We also review the safety and biological functions of tea flowers. Tea flower extracts are proposed to be of no toxicological concern based on evidence from the evaluation of mutagenicity, and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. The presence of many functional metabolites in tea flowers indicates that tea flowers possess diverse biological functions, which are mostly related to catechins, polysaccharides, and saponins. Finally, we discuss the potential for, and challenges facing, future applications of tea flowers as a second resource from tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Dafeng Road 6, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Longdongbei Road 321, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cui C, Zong J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Ho CT, Wan X, Hou R. Triterpenoid saponins from the genus Camellia: structures, biological activities, and molecular simulation for structure–activity relationship. Food Funct 2018; 9:3069-3091. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the isolation, chemical identification, and biochemical activities of Camellia triterpenoid saponins, updating a previous review and encompassing all new studies through September 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfa Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Rutgers University
- Food Science Department
- New Brunswick
- USA 08901-8520
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chou TY, Yang MJ, Tseng SK, Lee SS, Chang CC. Tea silkworm droppings as an enriched source of tea flavonoids. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:41-46. [PMID: 29389582 PMCID: PMC9332646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Andraca droppings is the waste excreted from the tea biter Andraca theae. Its chemical constituents and potential medical use, unlike those of the traditional Chinese medicine silkworm droppings, have not been reported yet. To explore new nutraceuticals, the chemical constituents of this substance were investigated. Since the bioactive ingredients are generally present in the EtOAc-soluble fraction, this fraction, obtained from the ethanolic extract of the dried Andraca droppings by liquid–liquid partitioning, was separated by chromatographic methods, including Sephadex LH-20, centrifugal partition chromatography, and RP-18 columns, to produce 14 compounds (1–14). They were characterized as 1,7-dimethyl xanthine (1), three benzoic acids (2, 3, and 5), and 10 flavonoids (4, 6–14). The amount of compounds 6, 7, 10, 13, and 14 in the droppings were 1.7–15.5-fold compared to those of tea leaves. In addition, 1,7-dimethyl xanthine (1) was found present only in the Andraca droppings but absent in tea leaves. Therefore, except for compound 1, which might be transformed from caffeine by microflora in the insect, the compounds were believed not to be absorbed by the worm gut and excreted directly. The present study suggests the Andraca droppings are an enriched source of the bioactive flavonoids from tea leaves and are potential as a useful nutraceutical.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Ren N, Rankin GO, Li B, Rojanasakul Y, Tu Y, Chen YC. Anti-proliferative effect and cell cycle arrest induced by saponins extracted from tea ( Camellia sinensis) flower in human ovarian cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2017; 37:310-321. [PMID: 32719725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) flower saponins (TFS) have various biological properties. However, the anti-cancer effects of TFS have not been investigated in any detail. Here, we evaluated the anti-cancer effects of TFS using human ovarian cancer cell lines. TFS (1.5 μg/ml) produced significant antiproliferative effects against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR-3 cells by inducing p53-dependent apoptosis and S phase arrest. Further study showed that TFS decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, activated Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 activities, and that the p53 inhibitor PFT-α reversed the TFS-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In addition, TFS inhibited the expression of Cdc25A, Cdk2, and CyclinD1 and upregulated Cyclin E and Cyclin A, suggesting that the Cdc25A-Cdk2-Cyclin E/A pathway was involved in TFS-induced S phase arrest. Furthermore, the S phase arrest was associated with a Chk2-Cdc25A DNA damage response. These results demonstrated that TFS has promising potential serving as functional food components for prevention of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.,College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV25755, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ohta T, Nakamura S, Matsumoto T, Nakashima S, Ogawa K, Matsumoto T, Fukaya M, Yoshikawa M, Matsuda H. Chemical Structure of an Acylated Oleanane-type Triterpene Oligoglycoside and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from the Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, floratheasaponin K (1), was isolated together with 11 known compounds including floratheasaponins D (2)–G (5), and I (6), chakasaponin V (7), and assamsaponin E (8) from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis cultivated in India. The chemical structure of floratheasaponin K (1) was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, chakasaponins V (7) and I (13) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Souichi Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Morikawa T, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides. J Nat Med 2016; 70:689-701. [PMID: 27380283 PMCID: PMC5114335 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica, such as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, and gastroprotective effects in vivo, and antiallergic, pancreatic lipase inhibitory, and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Although the biofunctional effects of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention has been given to those of the flowers and seeds of the tea plant. Our studies focused on the saponin constituents of the extracts of the flower buds of C. sinensis cultivated in Japan and China, and C. sinensis var. assamica cultivated in India, and we review their beneficial biofunctions for health promotion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sugimoto S, Wanas AS, Mizuta T, Matsunami K, Kamel MS, Otsuka H. Structure elucidation of secondary metabolites isolated from the leaves of Ixora undulate and their inhibitory activity toward advanced glycation end-products formation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:189-195. [PMID: 25456209 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three aromatic glycosides (1-3), two sulfur and nitrogen-containing compound glucosides (4, 5), and one flavonoid glycoside (6) were isolated from the leaves of Ixora undulata. Their structures were established by extensive 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS experiments, and structure 4 was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Of the assayed compounds, 7, 11 and 12 showed strong inhibitory activity toward advanced glycation end-products formation with IC50 values of 86.0 μM, 76.6 μM and 98.6 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Amira Samir Wanas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun Y, Lin H, Liu Z, Yang S, Wang J. Preparative separation of minor bioactive compounds from flower of P. cuspidatum by high-speed counter-current chromatography and comparison of their antioxidant activity. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
18
|
UPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS Based Ingredients Identification and Vasorelaxant Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jasmine Flower. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:707908. [PMID: 25628748 PMCID: PMC4055455 DOI: 10.1155/2014/707908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese people commonly make jasmine tea for recreation and health care. Actually, its medicinal value needs more exploration. In this study, vasorelaxant effect of ethanol extract of jasmine flower (EEJ) on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings was investigated and [Ca(2+)] was determined in vascular smooth muscle cells by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The result of aorta rings showed that EEJ could cause concentration-dependent relaxation of endothelium-intact rings precontracted with phenylephrine or KCl which was attenuated after preincubation of the rings with L-NAME and three different K(+) channel inhibitors; however, indomethacin and glibenclamide did not affect the vasodilatation of EEJ. In addition, EEJ could inhibit contraction induced by PE on endothelium-denuded rings in Ca(2+)-free medium as well as by accumulation of Ca(2+) in Ca(2+)-free medium with high K(+). LSCM also showed that EEJ could lower the elevated level of [Ca(2+)] induced by KCl. These indicate that the vasodilation of EEJ is in part related to causing the release of nitric oxide, activation of K(+) channels, inhibition of influx of excalcium, and release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. A total of 20 main ingredients, were identified in EEJ by UPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS. The vasodilation activity should be attributed to the high content of flavonoid glycosides and iridoid glycosides found in EEJ.
Collapse
|
19
|
Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Miyake S, Miki Y, Okamoto M, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Flavonol glycosides with lipid accumulation inhibitory activity and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 15 polyphenols and caffeine in the flower buds of Camellia sinensis from different regions by LCMS. Food Chem 2013; 140:353-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
20
|
Nakamura S, Moriura T, Park S, Fujimoto K, Matsumoto T, Ohta T, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Melanogenesis inhibitory and fibroblast proliferation accelerating effects of noroleanane- and oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides from the flower buds of Camellia japonica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1425-1430. [PMID: 22834923 DOI: 10.1021/np3001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 28-noroleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, camellioside E (4), an oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, camellioside F (5), and the known compounds camelliosides A (1) and D (3) were isolated from a 50% EtOH extract of Camellia japonica flower buds from Korea. The principal constituents (1 and 5) significantly inhibited melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. Camellioside B (2), a major constituent of C. japonica grown in Japan, showed potent inhibition of melanogenesis [95.0 ± 1.0% (p < 0.01) at 20 μM]. The inhibitory effects of 1, 2, and 5 were stronger than that of the reference compound, arbutin. We believe the melanogenesis inhibitory effects of 2 and 5 are partly related to the proliferation inhibitory effects in B16 melanoma 4A5 cells. Conversely, camelliosides tended to enhance proliferation in normal human neonatal skin fibroblasts. Interestingly, camellioside B (2) significantly accelerated fibroblast proliferation. This biological selectivity could make camellioside B useful for treating skin disorders. Herein, we report the first scientific investigation of a triterpene that displays an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, but that also has an enhancing effect on fibroblast proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seikou Nakamura
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morikawa T, Miyake S, Miki Y, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Quantitative analysis of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins I-III and floratheasaponins A-F, in the flower buds of Camellia sinensis from different regional origins. J Nat Med 2012; 66:608-13. [PMID: 22307219 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analytical method was developed for the determination of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins I-III (1-3) and floratheasaponins A-F (4-9), found in Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). The practical conditions for separation and detection of these saponins were established on an ODS column with methanol containing 5 mM trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase, and the detection and quantitation limits of the method were estimated to be 1.1-3.8 and 3.5-12.5 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviation values of intra- and interday precision were lower than 2.35 and 6.12%, respectively, overall mean recoveries of all saponins being 94.7-108.8%, and the correlation coefficients of all the calibration curves showed good linearity within the test ranges. To approve the validity of the protocol, extracts of 13 kinds of C. sinensis collected in China, Taiwan, Japan, and India were evaluated. The results indicated that the assay was reproducible and precise, and could be readily utilized for the quality evaluation of tea flowers. It was noteworthy that the distinct regional difference was observed with respect to the content of chakasaponins and floratheasaponins, more chakasaponins being contained in the extracts of tea flowers from Fujian and Sichuan provinces, China than those from Japan, Taiwan, and India. Optimum conditions for the extraction process were also established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fujimoto K, Nakamura S, Nakashima S, Matsumoto T, Uno K, Ohta T, Miura T, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXXV. Nor-oleanane-type and acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins from the flower buds of Chinese Camellia japonica and their inhibitory effects on melanogenesis 1). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:1188-94. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Nakamura S, Fujimoto K, Nakashima S, Matsumoto T, Miura T, Uno K, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXXVI. 1) Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins with Inhibitory Effects on Melanogenesis from the Flower Buds of Chinese Camellia japonica. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:752-8. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
25
|
Zhao P, Gao DF, Xu M, Shi ZG, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Triterpenoid Saponins from the Genus Camellia. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1931-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Hamao M, Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Nakashima S, Semura S, Maekubo S, Wakasugi S, Yoshikawa M. Anti-obesity effects of the methanolic extract and chakasaponins from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6033-41. [PMID: 21925888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The methanolic extract from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis cultivated in Fujian Province showed inhibitory effects on body weight gain and the weight of visceral fats in high-fat diet-fed mice and/or Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetic (TSOD) mice. A suppressive effect of the extract on food intake was suggested to contribute to the anti-obesity effect. The n-butanol (BuOH)-soluble fraction also reduced food intake in normal diet-fed mice. A principal constituent, chakasaponin II, inhibited gastric emptying (GE) as well as food intake. These inhibitory effects were partly reduced by pretreatment with a high dose of capsaicin. The n-BuOH-soluble fraction and chakasaponin II suppressed mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY), an important regulator of body weight through its effects on food intake and energy expenditure, in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, chakasaponin II enhanced the release of serotonin (5-HT) from the isolated ilea of mice in vitro. These findings suggested that the active saponins suppressed the appetite signals in the hypothalamus through stimulation of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, probably vagal afferent nerves, or enhancement of 5-HT release from the ilea, leading to reduced food intake and body weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hamao
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
NAKAMURA S, MATSUDA H, YOSHIKAWA M. Search for Antidiabetic Constituents of Medicinal Food. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:909-15. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
28
|
Li B, Jin Y, Xu Y, Wu Y, Xu J, Tu Y. Safety evaluation of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) flower extract: assessment of mutagenicity, and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:583-590. [PMID: 21034804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, Theaceae) flowers possess many physiological functions and have been used in traditional medicines for deodorization, skin care, cough suppressant and expectorant in China. However, there is a little information about its possible toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of tea flower extract by mutagenicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mutagenicity of tea flower extract was evaluated by the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 at concentrations of 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 mg/plate. In the acute toxicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a single dose of 12.0 g/kg of body weight by gavage, and were monitored for 14 days. In the subchronic toxicity study, tea flower extract was administered by gavage at doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg body weight daily for 13 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS In the Ames test, there was no mutagenic effect of tea flower extract (up to 5.0 mg/plate) towards four tested strains (TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102), with or without metabolic activation (S9). In the acute toxicity study, all animals gained weight and appeared active and normal, so the LD(50) value must be >12.0 g/kg body weight. In the subchronic toxicity study, no dose-related effects on survival, growth, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, or pathologic lesions were observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that tea flower extract does not possess mutagenic potential, and that both acute and subchronic toxicity towards animals is very low. A no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for tea flower extract is 4.0 g/kg bw/day for rats under the conditions of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel C Veitch
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW93AB, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Morikawa T, Li X, Nishida E, Nakamura S, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H, Oda Y, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. Part 29. Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Bisdesmosides: Perennisaponins G, H, I, J, K, L, and M with Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity from the Flowers ofBellis perennis. Helv Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200900258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
31
|
Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Fujimoto K, Moriuchi R, Kimura Y, Ikoma N, Hata Y, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXXI. Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins, Sasanquasaponins I-V, with Antiallergic Activity from the Flower Buds of Camellia sasanqua. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1617-21. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 574 references are cited.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nakamura S, Okazaki Y, Ninomiya K, Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal flowers. XXIV. Chemical structures and hepatoprotective effects of constituents from flowers of Hedychium coronarium. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 56:1704-9. [PMID: 19043243 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 80% aqueous acetone extract from the flowers of Hedychium coronarium was found to show a protective effect on D-galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. On the other hand, two new labdane-type diterpene glycosides, coronalactosides I (1) and II (2), and a new labdane-type trinorditerpene, coronadiene (3), were isolated together with 8 known compounds from the extracts, which were obtained with chloroform and 80% aqueous acetone from the flowers of H. coronarium. The structures of new constituents were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, the principal constituents, coronaririn C and 15-hydroxylabda-8(17),11,13-trien-16,15-olide, displayed hepatoprotective effects, which were stronger than that of the hepatoprotective agent, silybin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Morikawa T, Wang LB, Ninomiya K, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Wu LJ, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXX. Eight New Glycosides, Everlastosides F-M, from the Flowers of Helichrysum arenarium. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:853-9. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sugimoto S, Chi G, Kato Y, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXVI. Structures of Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Oligoglycosides, Yuchasaponins A, B, C, and D, from the Flower Buds of Camellia oleifera—Gastroprotective, Aldose Reductase Inhibitory, and Radical Scavenging Effects—. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:269-75. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
36
|
Yoshikawa M, Wang LB, Morikawa T, Nakamura S, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Wu LJ. Medicinal Flowers. XXVIII. Structures of Five New Glycosides, Everlastosides A, B, C, D, and E, from the Flowers of Helichrysum arenarium. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
37
|
Sugimoto S, Nakamura S, Yamamoto S, Yamashita C, Oda Y, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Brazilian Natural Medicines. III. Structures of Triterpene Oligoglycosides and Lipase Inhibitors from Mate, Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:257-61. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Morikawa T, Wang LB, Nakamura S, Ninomiya K, Yokoyama E, Matsuda H, Muraoka O, Wu LJ, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXVII. New Flavanone and Chalcone Glycosides, Arenariumosides I, II, III, and IV, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. Inhibitors from Everlasting, Flowers of Helichrysum arenarium. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:361-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Li-Bo Wang
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Eri Yokoyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | | | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Faculty of Natural Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xie Y, Morikawa T, Ninomiya K, Imura K, Muraoka O, Yuan D, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXIII. New Taraxastane-Type Triterpene, Punicanolic Acid, with Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. Inhibitory Activity from the Flowers of Punica granatum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1628-31. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | | | - Katsuya Imura
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|