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Naufal M, Hermawati E, Syah YM, Hidayat AT, Hidayat IW, Al-Anshori J. Structure-Activity Relationship Study and Design Strategies of Hydantoin, Thiazolidinedione, and Rhodanine-Based Kinase Inhibitors: A Two-Decade Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4186-4209. [PMID: 38313530 PMCID: PMC10832052 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most prominent causes of the rapidly growing mortality numbers worldwide. Cancer originates from normal cells that have acquired the capability to alter their molecular, biochemical, and cellular traits. The alteration of cell signaling enzymes, such as kinases, can initiate and amplify cancer progression. As a curative method, the targeted therapy utilized small molecules' capability to inhibit kinase's cellular function. This review provides a brief history (1999-2023) of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors (SMKIs) discovery with their molecular perspective. Furthermore, this current review also addresses the application and the development of hydantoin, thiazolidinedione, and rhodanine-based derivatives as kinase inhibitors toward several subclasses (EGFR, PI3K, VEGFR, Pim, c-Met, CDK, IGFR, and ERK) accompanied by their structure-activity relationship study and their molecular interactions. The present work summarizes and compiles all the important structural information essential for developing hydantoin, thiazolidinedione, and rhodanine-based kinase inhibitors to improve their potency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naufal
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Elvira Hermawati
- Department
of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha Nomor 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yana Maolana Syah
- Department
of Chemistry, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha Nomor 10, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ace Tatang Hidayat
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ika Wiani Hidayat
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jamaludin Al-Anshori
- Department
of Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km.
21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Chen L, Mao W, Ren C, Li J, Zhang J. Comprehensive Insights that Targeting PIM for Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Obstacles. J Med Chem 2024; 67:38-64. [PMID: 38164076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proviral integration sitea for Moloney-murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are a family of highly conserved serine/tyrosine kinases consisting of three members, PIM-1, PIM-2, and PIM-3. These kinases regulate a wide range of substrates through phosphorylation and affect key cellular processes such as transcription, translation, proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. Several PIM inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials, such as a phase I clinical trial of Uzanserti (5) for the treatment of relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that has been completed. The current focus encompasses the structural and biological characterization of PIM, ongoing research progress on small-molecule inhibitors undergoing clinical trials, and evaluation analysis of persisting challenges in this field. Additionally, the design and discovery of small-molecule inhibitors targeting PIM in recent years have been explored, with a particular emphasis on medicinal chemistry, aiming to provide valuable insights for the future development of PIM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and Institute of Respiratory Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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3
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Das G, Prakasam T, Alkhatib N, AbdulHalim RG, Chandra F, Sharma SK, Garai B, Varghese S, Addicoat MA, Ravaux F, Pasricha R, Jagannathan R, Saleh N, Kirmizialtin S, Olson MA, Trabolsi A. Light-driven self-assembly of spiropyran-functionalized covalent organic framework. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3765. [PMID: 37353549 PMCID: PMC10290075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the number of molecular switches and their relative positioning within porous materials is critical to their functionality and properties. The proximity of many molecular switches to one another can hinder or completely suppress their response. Herein, a synthetic strategy involving mixed linkers is used to control the distribution of spiropyran-functionalized linkers in a covalent organic framework (COF). The COF contains a spiropyran in each pore which exhibits excellent reversible photoswitching behavior to its merocyanine form in the solid state in response to UV/Vis light. The spiro-COF possesses an urchin-shaped morphology and exhibits a morphological transition to 2D nanosheets and vesicles in solution upon UV light irradiation. The merocyanine-equipped COFs are extremely stable and possess a more ordered structure with enhanced photoluminescence. This approach to modulating structural isomerization in the solid state is used to develop inkless printing media, while the photomediated polarity change is used for water harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Das
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thirumurugan Prakasam
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Alkhatib
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rasha G AbdulHalim
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sudhir Kumar Sharma
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bikash Garai
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabu Varghese
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK
| | - Florent Ravaux
- Quantum research center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Renu Pasricha
- CTP, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramesh Jagannathan
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Na'il Saleh
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Serdal Kirmizialtin
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mark A Olson
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA.
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Chemistry Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Xu L, Meng YC, Guo P, Li M, Shao L, Huang JH. Recent Research Advances in Small-Molecule Pan-PIM Inhibitors. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PIM kinase is consequently emerging as a promising target for cancer therapeutics and immunomodulation. PIM kinases are overexpressed in a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and their inhibition has become a strong therapeutic interest. Currently, some pan-PIM kinase inhibitors are being developed under different phases of clinical trials. Based on the different scaffold structures, they can be classified into various subclasses. The X-ray structure of the kinase complex outlines the rationale of hit compound confirmation in the early stage. Structure–activity relationships allow us to rationally explore chemical space and further optimize multiple physicochemical and biological properties. This review focuses on the discovery and development of small-molecule pan-PIM kinase inhibitors in the current research, and hopes to provide guidance for future exploration of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shao
- Microbial Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yun Y, Hong VS, Jeong S, Choo H, Kim S, Lee J. 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-one Analogs as Pan-PIM Kinase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:854-861. [PMID: 34470949 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are proto-oncogenic kinases involved in the regulation of several cellular processes. PIM kinases are promising targets for new drug development because they play a major role in many cancer-specific pathways, such as survival, apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and migration. Here, 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potent pan-PIM kinase inhibitors. Optimized compounds showed single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against all three PIM kinases with high selectivity over 14 other kinases. Compound 17 inhibited the growth of Molm-16 cell lines (EC50 = 14 nM) and modulated the expression of pBAD and p4EBP1 in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghwan Yun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University
| | | | - Seungik Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University
| | - Hyeonseong Choo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University
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6
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Hong VS, Jeong S, Yun Y, Choo H, Won J, Lee J. 1,3,
4‐Oxadiazole
‐2(
3
H
)‐thione Analogs as
PIM
Kinase Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sukbong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Seungik Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Yanghwan Yun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseong Choo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Won
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Keimyung University Daegu Republic of Korea
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7
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Baek HS, Min HJ, Hong VS, Kwon TK, Park JW, Lee J, Kim S. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Novel PIM Kinase Inhibitor KMU-470 in RAW 264.7 Cells through the TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145138. [PMID: 32698512 PMCID: PMC7403980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PIM kinases, a small family of serine/threonine kinases, are important intermediates in the cytokine signaling pathway of inflammatory disease. In this study, we investigated whether the novel PIM kinase inhibitor KMU-470, a derivative of indolin-2-one, inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. We demonstrated that KMU-470 suppressed the production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthases that are induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, KMU-470 inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of TLR4 and MyD88, as well as the phosphorylation of IκB kinase and NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, KMU-470 suppressed LPS-induced up-regulation at the transcriptional level of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Notably, KMU-470 inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of a major component of the inflammasome complex, NLRP3, in RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, PIM-1 siRNA transfection attenuated up-regulation of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that PIM-1 plays a key role in inflammatory signaling and that KMU-470 is a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Baek
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.S.B.); (H.J.M.); (T.K.K.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Hyeon Ji Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.S.B.); (H.J.M.); (T.K.K.); (J.W.P.)
| | | | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.S.B.); (H.J.M.); (T.K.K.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.S.B.); (H.J.M.); (T.K.K.); (J.W.P.)
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-580-5183 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7359 (S.K.); Fax: +82-050-4154-2213 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7355 (S.K.)
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (H.S.B.); (H.J.M.); (T.K.K.); (J.W.P.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-53-580-5183 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7359 (S.K.); Fax: +82-050-4154-2213 (J.L.); +82-53-258-7355 (S.K.)
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Yang X, Zhang W, Yi Z, Xu H, Wei J, Hao L. Highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensor for copper(ii) based on salicylaldehyde Schiff-base derivatives with aggregation induced emission and mechanoluminescence. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides valuable information for designing materials with AIE, Cu2+ sensor and MFC properties based on Schiff-bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yang
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
| | - Zihan Yi
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Hao
- College of Material Engineering
- Jinling Institute of Technology
- Nanjing 211169
- P. R. China
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10
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Nishiguchi GA, Burger MT, Han W, Lan J, Atallah G, Tamez V, Lindvall M, Bellamacina C, Garcia P, Feucht P, Zavorotinskaya T, Dai Y, Wong K. Design, synthesis and structure activity relationship of potent pan-PIM kinase inhibitors derived from the pyridyl carboxamide scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2328-32. [PMID: 26995528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pim proteins (1, 2 and 3) are serine/threonine kinases that have been found to be upregulated in many hematological malignancies and solid tumors. As a result of overlapping functions among the three isoforms, inhibition of all three Pim kinases has become an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. Herein we describe our efforts in identifying potent pan-PIM inhibitors that are derived from our previously reported pyridyl carboxamide scaffold as part of a medicinal chemistry strategy to address metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Nishiguchi
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States.
| | - Matthew T Burger
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Wooseok Han
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Jiong Lan
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Gordana Atallah
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Victoriano Tamez
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Mika Lindvall
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Cornelia Bellamacina
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Pablo Garcia
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Paul Feucht
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Tatiana Zavorotinskaya
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Yumin Dai
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
| | - Kent Wong
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States
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11
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Lee S, Hong VS. Development and Application of a High-Throughput Fluorescence Polarization Assay to Target Pim Kinases. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:50-7. [PMID: 26824666 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim proteins consisting of three isoforms (Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3) are a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate fundamental cellular responses such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Overexpression of the Pim kinases has been linked to a wide variety of hematological and solid tumors. Thus, all three Pim kinases have been studied as promising targets for anticancer therapy. Here, we report on the development and optimization of an immobilized metal ion affinity partitioning (IMAP) fluorescence polarization (FP) method for Pim kinases. In this homogeneous 384-well assay method, fluorescein-labeled phosphopeptides are captured on cationic nanoparticles through interactions with immobilized trivalent metals, resulting in high polarization values. The apparent Km values for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined to be 45 ± 7, 6.4 ± 2, and 29 ± 5 μM for Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3, respectively. The assay yielded robustness with Z'-factors of >0.75 and low day-to-day variability (CV <5%) for all three Pim kinases. The IMAP FP assay was further validated by determining IC50 values for staurosporine and a known Pim inhibitor. We have also used an IMAP FP assay to examine whether compound 1, an ATP mimetic inhibitor designed through structure-based drug design, is indeed an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Pim kinases. Kinetic analysis based on Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that the inhibition mechanism of compound 1 is ATP competitive against all three Pim isoforms. The optimized IMAP assay for Pim kinases not only allows for high-throughput screening but also facilitates the characterization of novel Pim inhibitors for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University , Daegu, Korea
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12
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Synthesis of [11C]CX-6258 as a new PET tracer for imaging of Pim kinases in cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3831-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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