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1
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Knapp R, Tona V, Okada T, Sarpong R, Garg NK. Cyanoamidine Cyclization Approach to Remdesivir's Nucleobase. Org Lett 2020; 22:8430-8435. [PMID: 33085486 PMCID: PMC7653677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report an alternative approach to the unnatural nucleobase fragment seen in remdesivir (Veklury). Remdesivir displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity and is currently being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials to treat patients with COVID-19. Our route relies on the formation of a cyanoamidine intermediate, which undergoes Lewis acid-mediated cyclization to yield the desired nucleobase. The approach is strategically distinct from prior routes and could further enable the synthesis of remdesivir and other small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
R. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Veronica Tona
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Taku Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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2
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Bonandi E, Perdicchia D, Colombo E, Foschi F, Marzullo P, Passarella D. Catalytic C3 aza-alkylation of indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6211-6235. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aza-alkylation reaction at position 3 of the indole scaffold allows the introduction of a differently substituted aminomethyl group, with the formation of a stereogenic centre. Critical summary of 2000–2019 meaningful papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonandi
- Department of Chemistry
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Dario Perdicchia
- Department of Chemistry
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Eleonora Colombo
- Department of Chemistry
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Department of Chemistry
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
| | - Paola Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Milan
- Italy
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3
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Mimori S, Kawada K, Saito R, Takahashi M, Mizoi K, Okuma Y, Hosokawa M, Kanzaki T. Indole-3-propionic acid has chemical chaperone activity and suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:623-628. [PMID: 31378367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble aggregated proteins are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we investigated chemical chaperones that prevent the aggregation of denatured proteins. Among these, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) has well-documented chemical chaperone activity, but is required at doses that have multiple effects on cells, warranting further optimization of treatment regimens. In this study, we demonstrate chemical chaperone activities of the novel compound indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Although it has already been reported that IPA prevents β-amyloid aggregation, herein we show that this compound suppresses aggregation of denatured proteins. Our experiments with a cell culture model of Parkinson's disease are the first to show that IPA prevents endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and thereby protects against neuronal cell death. We suggest that IPA has potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases for which ER stress has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seisuke Mimori
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomicho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kawada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomicho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, 255 Furusawa-tsuko, Asao-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 215-0026, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomicho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Kenta Mizoi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60, Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 377-0033, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomicho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science, 15-8 Shiomicho, Choshi, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan
| | - Tetsuto Kanzaki
- Department of Drug Informatics, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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4
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Nakamura A, Tanaka S, Imamiya A, Takane R, Ohta C, Fujimura K, Maegawa T, Miki Y. Synthesis of 3-acylindoles by oxidative rearrangement of 2-aminochalcones using a hypervalent iodine reagent and cyclization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6702-6705. [PMID: 28749517 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot 3-acylindole synthesis by oxidative rearrangement of 2-aminochalcones and sequential cyclization has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Akira Imamiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Reo Takane
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Chiaki Ohta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Kazuma Fujimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maegawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Kindai University
- Higashi-osaka
- Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology
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