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The Oleoside-type Secoiridoid Glycosides: Potential Secoiridoids with Multiple Pharmacological Activities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Six new Secoiridoid glycosides from the stem barks of Syringa Reticulata (Bl.) Hara. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105128. [PMID: 35041894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new secoiridoids, syrretosides E-J (1-6) and four known secoiridoids (7-10), were isolated from the stem barks of Syringa reticulata. Their structures were established by the 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HR-ESI-MS, and comparison with the literature. The cytotoxicity of the isolated monomeric compounds against RAW264.7 cells was investigated by the CCK8 assay, and the results showed that the individual compounds were not cytotoxic to RAW264.7. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated using the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model and the results showed that compounds 3-7 and 9 showed varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Yang D, Li J, Liang C, Tian L, Shi C, Hui N, Liu Y, Ling M, Xin L, Wan M, Li H, Zhao Q, Ren X, Liu H, Cao W. Syringa microphylla Diels: A comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153770. [PMID: 34678528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringa microphylla Diels is a plant in the family Syringa Linn. For hundreds of years, its flowers and leaves have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of cough, inflammation, colds, sore throat, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, early liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, and oesophageal cancer. PURPOSE For the first time, we have comprehensively reviewed information on Syringa microphylla Diels that is not included in the Pharmacopoeia, clarified the pharmacological mechanisms of Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients from a molecular biology perspective, compiled in vivo and in vitro animal experimental data and clinical data, and summarized the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of Syringa microphylla Diels. The progress in toxicology research is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new drugs from Syringa microphylla Diels, a natural source of compounds that are potentially beneficial to human health. METHODS The PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar and Thomson Reuters databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive search of published literature as of July 2021 to find original literature related to Syringa microphylla Diels and its active ingredients. RESULTS To date, 72 compounds have been isolated and identified from Syringa microphylla Diels, and oleuropein, verbascoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, forsythoside B, and eleutheroside B are the main active components. These compounds have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, and their safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated in long-term traditional applications. Molecular pharmacology experiments have indicated that the active ingredients of Syringa microphylla Diels exert their pharmacological effects in various ways, primarily by reducing oxidative stress damage via Nrf2/ARE pathway regulation, regulating inflammatory factors and inducing apoptosis through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION This comprehensive review of Syringa microphylla Diels provides new insights into the correlations among molecular mechanisms, the importance of toxicology and pharmacokinetics, and potential ways to address the limitations of current research. As Syringa microphylla Diels is a natural low-toxicity botanical medicine, it is worthy of development and utilization and is an excellent choice for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Chunyang Shi
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Nan Hui
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Mei Ling
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Minge Wan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Business & Commerce, Xi'an 712046, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China.
| | - Wenqiang Cao
- Zhuhai Jinan Selenium Source Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Hengqin New Area, Zhuhai 519030, PR China
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Kim GR, Kim EN, Park KJ, Kim KH, Jeong GS. Inhibitory Effect of LGS and ODE Isolated from the Twigs of Syringa oblata subsp. dilatata on RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Macrophage Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061779. [PMID: 33810014 PMCID: PMC8004897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis, of which excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts can cause osteoporosis and various bone diseases. However, current osteoporosis treatments have many side effects, and research on new treatments that can replace these treatments is ongoing. Therefore, in this study, the roles of ligustroside (LGS) and oleoside dimethylester (ODE), a natural product-derived compound isolated from Syringa oblata subsp. dilatata as a novel, natural product-derived osteoporosis treatments were investigated. In the results of this study, LGS and ODE inhibited the differentiation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts without cytotoxicity, and down-regulated the activity of TRAP, a specific biomarker of osteoclasts. In addition, it inhibited bone resorption and actin ring formation, which are important functions and features of osteoclasts. Also, the effects of LGS and ODE on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways that play important roles in osteoclast differentiation were evaluated. In the results, LGS and ODE downregulated the phosphorylation of RANKL-induced MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR proteins in a concentration-dependent manner, translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was inhibited. As a result, the compounds LGS and ODE isolated from S. oblate subsp. dilatata effectively regulated the differentiation of RANKL-induced osteoclasts and inhibited the phosphorylation of signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility of LGS and ODE as new natural product treatments for bone diseases caused by excessive osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
| | - Kyoung Jin Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.K.); (G.-S.J.)
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 42601, Korea; (G.-R.K.); (E.-N.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.K.); (G.-S.J.)
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Zhang X, Li Y, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Song H, Ding X, Yan Y. Multifloroside Suppressing Proliferation and Colony Formation, Inducing S Cell Cycle Arrest, ROS Production, and Increasing MMP in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Lines A431. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010007. [PMID: 31861384 PMCID: PMC6983163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifloroside (4), together with 10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester (1), 10-hydroxyoleoside dimethyl ester (2), and 10-hydroxyligustroside (3), are all secoiridoids, which are naturally occurring compounds that possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. However, the anti-cancer activity of 1–4 has not been evaluated yet. The objective of this work was to study the anti-cancer activities of 1–4 in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines A431 and the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549. The results indicate that 1–4 differ in potency in their ability to inhibit the proliferation of human A431 and A549 cells, and multifloroside (4) display the highest inhibitory activity against A431 cells. The structure-activity relationships suggest that the o-hydroxy-p-hydroxy-phenylethyl group may contribute to the anti-cancer activity against A431 cells. Multifloroside treatment can also inhibit cell colony formation, arrest the cell cycle in the S-phase, increase the levels of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), but it did not significantly induce cell apoptosis at low concentrations. The findings indicated that multifloroside (4) has the tendency to show selective anti-cancer effects in A431 cells, along with suppressing the colony formation, inducing S cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and increasing MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yamei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhengping Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-029-8531-0623 (Y.Y.)
| | - Ye Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China; College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.F.); (Y.G.); (H.S.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-029-8531-0623 (Y.Y.)
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Huang YL, Oppong MB, Guo Y, Wang LZ, Fang SM, Deng YR, Gao XM. The Oleaceae family: A source of secoiridoids with multiple biological activities. Fitoterapia 2019; 136:104155. [PMID: 31028819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the quest to search and discover bioactive compounds from nature, terpenoids have emerged as one of the most interesting and researched classes of compounds. Secoiridoid, a type of the terpenoid, has also been extensively studied, especially their chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Oleaceae is a family of woody dicotyledonous plants with broad economic and medicinal values. This family contains a large number of flavonoids, monoterpenoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and phenylethyl alcohols, of which the secoiridoids have various biological activities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the phytochemical and pharmacological of the secoiridoids (glycosides, aglycones, derivatives and dimers) in the Oleaceae family from 1987 to 2018. This review will also serve as a reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mahmood Brobbey Oppong
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box, LG 43, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Li-Zhi Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shi-Ming Fang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Ru Deng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Suh WS, Kwon OK, Lee TH, Subedi L, Kim SY, Lee KR. Secoiridoid Glycosides from the Twigs of Ligustrum obtusifolium Possess Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:78-83. [PMID: 29311515 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new secoiridoid glycosides, obtusifolisides A and B (1, 2), together with 7 known secoiridoid glycosides (3-9) were isolated from the twigs of Ligustrum obtusifolium. The chemical structures of new compounds were determined by a spectroscopic data analysis, including one and two dimensional (1D-, 2D)-NMR, High resolution-MS, and experiments involving chemical reactions. The isolated secoiridoid glycosides were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 murine microglia cells. Compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9 significantly reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), with IC50 values of 5.45, 11.17, 14.62, 15.45, and 14.96 µM, respectively. None of the compounds were toxic to the cells. Additionally, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of compounds 1-9 on nerve growth factor (NGF) induction in a C6 rat glioma cell line. Compounds 2 and 6 upregulated NGF secretion to 155.56±7.16%, and 139.35±11.65%, respectively, without significant cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Se Suh
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Oh Kil Kwon
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Tae Hyun Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University.,College of Pharmacy, Gachon University
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University
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