1
|
Zhou Z, Dun L, Yang Q, Tao J, Yu P, Xu H, Zhao N, Zheng N, An H, Yi P. Tongqiao Huoxue decoction alleviates neurological impairment following ischemic stroke via the PTGS2/NF-kappa B axis. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148247. [PMID: 36669713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has emerged as promising targets for ischemic stroke (IS) therapy, yet the mechanism remains elusive. The current study was performed with an aim to investigate the action and mechanism of Tongqiao Huoxue decoction (TQHXD) affecting the neurological impairment secondary to IS based on network pharmacology. Based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, target genes and pathways involved in the treatment of TQHXD against IS were predicted. Serum containing TQHXD was prepared through blood collection from C57BL/6 mice after intragastric administration of TQHXD. The main results exhibited that Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) exhibited an abundance in IS and enrichment in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, holding the potential as targets related to TQHXD treatment for IS. TQHXD was found to rescue cell viability, inhibit apoptosis, and alleviate inflammation under oxygen and glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) exposure. Furthermore, our in vivo experiment validated the protective function of TQHXD in ischemic brain damage stimulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). This protective action of TQHXD could be attenuated by overexpressing nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, which was dependent on PTGS2. Collectively, TQHXD was demonstrated to ameliorate IS-induced neurological impairment by blocking the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and down-regulating PTGS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Linglu Dun
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Jingrui Tao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Peishan Yu
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Hongwei An
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Neurology Laboratory, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou 545001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao DL, Li JM, Xie R, Huo HR, Xiong XJ, Sui F, Wang PQ. The role of traditional herbal medicine for ischemic stroke: from bench to clinic-A critical review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154609. [PMID: 36610141 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and severe long-term disability worldwide. Over the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-ischemic therapies. However, IS remains a tremendous challenge, with favourable clinical outcomes being generally difficult to achieve from candidate drugs in preclinical phase testing. Traditional herbal medicine (THM) has been used to treat stroke for over 2,000 years in China. In modern times, THM as an alternative and complementary therapy have been prescribed in other Asian countries and have gained increasing attention for their therapeutic effects. These millennia of clinical experience allow THM to be a promising avenue for improving clinical efficacy and accelerating drug discovery. PURPOSE To summarise the clinical evidence and potential mechanisms of THMs in IS. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Wanfang Database, from inception to 17 June 2022 to examine the efficacy and safety of THM for IS, and to investigate experimental studies regarding potential mechanisms. RESULTS THM is widely prescribed for IS alone or as adjuvant therapy. In clinical trials, THM is generally administered within 72 h of stroke onset and are continuously prescribed for over 3 months. Compared with Western medicine (WM), THM combined with routine WM can significantly improve neurological function defect scores, promote clinical total effective rate, and accelerate the recovery time of stroke with fewer adverse effects (AEs). These effects can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, mainly anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, brain blood barrier (BBB) modulation, inhibition of platelet activation and thrombus formation, and promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS THM may be a promising candidate for IS management to guide clinical applications and as a reference for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Li Hao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jia-Meng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ran Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hai-Ru Huo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xing-Jiang Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Sui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng J, Yang K, Nie H, Yuan L, Wang S, Zeng L, Ge A, Ge J. The mechanism of intestinal microbiota regulating immunity and inflammation in ischemic stroke and the role of natural botanical active ingredients in regulating intestinal microbiota: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114026. [PMID: 36436491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem, known as the "second genome" of human beings. With the widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS), especially 16 S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, numerous studies have shown that dysregulation of intestinal microbiota is associated with many central nervous system diseases. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Brain damage in IS affects intestinal function, and intestinal dysfunction further aggravates brain damage, forming a vicious circle of mutual interference in pathology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis study based on the intestinal microbiota has opened up broader ideas for exploring its pathogenesis and risk factors, and also provided more possibilities for the selection of therapeutic targets for this type of drug. This review discussed the application of NGS technology in the study of intestinal microbiota and the research progress of microbiota-gut-brain axis in recent years, and systematically sorts out the literature on the relationship between ischemic stroke and intestinal microbiota. It starts with the characteristics of microbiota-gut-brain axis' bidirectional regulation, respectively discusses the high risk factors of IS under intestinal microbiota imbalance and the physiological and pathological changes of intestinal microbiota after IS, and summarizes the related targets, in order to provide reliable reference for the treatment of IS from intestinal microbiota. In addition, natural botanical active ingredients have achieved good results in the treatment of IS based on regulating the homeostasis of gut microbiota, providing new evidence for studying the potential targets and therapies of IS based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Huifang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China..
| | - Anqi Ge
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha City, China.; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China..
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hua Y, Zhai Y, Wang G, Wang N, Wu Q, Huang Q, Seto S, Wang Y. Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction activates PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to reduce BMECs autophagy after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115585. [PMID: 35921993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction (TQHXD) is a traditional classic Chinese Medicinal Formula (CMF) used for clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. TQHXD leads to improvement in the symptoms of the acute period of cerebral infarction and recovery period after stroke. Our previous studies also showed that TQHXD produced a significant protective effect on the brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is reported that autophagy is closely related to ischemic brain injury; however, the functional contribution of TQHXD to brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) autophagy and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of TQHXD in inhibiting cerebral ischemia-induced endothelial autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the chemical constituents from TQHXD was established for the quality control, and the Longa method was used to evaluate the efficacy of TQHXD in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The expression of LC3 was determined by immunofluorescence double staining. To evaluate the protective effects of TQHXD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on BMECs injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion, cell survival rate was determined using the CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Annexin V/PI. Autophagy was detected using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that TQHXD-CSF significantly ameliorated oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injury in BMECs. Confocal microscopy and Western blot results showed that TQHXD-CSF reduced autophagy-related protein expression and autophagosome number. The results of the western blotting indicated that TQHXD-CSF caused a marked increase in the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and phosphoinsotide-3 kinase (Akt/p-Akt and PI3K/p-PI3K, respectively) and their expression levels were down-regulated after treatment with pathway inhibitor, ZSTK474. Furthermore, in a MCAO model in rats, TQHXD markedly increased p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR, whereas the autophagy related proteins decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TQHXD protects against ischemic insult by inhibiting autophagy through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and that TQHXD may have therapeutic value for protecting BMECs from cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hua
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Yan Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan M, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hua Y, Wang Y, Cheng H, Wang N, Wang G, Seto S. Study on the mechanism of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction regulating apoptosis via ASK1/MKK4/JNK pathway in MCAO/R rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154437. [PMID: 36099654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of blood stasis is a crucial aspect of stroke treatment, and the Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue-Decoction (TQHXD) formula is commonly utilized for this purpose. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of TQHXD against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. PURPOSE Identification of the TQHXD components responsible for its protective effects and determination of their mode of action against cerebral I/R injury. METHODS Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out to determine the active aspects of TQHXD. The active components and targets of TQHXD were looked up in the TCMSP and HERB databases; the Genecards, OMIM, TTD, and DrugBank databases were used to identify targets related to cerebral infarction; and the intersecting targets were obtained. The drug-ingredient-target-disease network and PPI network were subsequently built using Cytoscape 3.7.1 and STRING websites. Autodock VINA was used to perform molecular docking between the core target ASK1 and the active components of TQHXD detected by HPLC and GC. After successfully creating a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the therapeutic effect of TQHXD was observed using triphenyltetrazolium and hematoxylin-eosin staining. We used Tunel-NeuN staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to quantify hippocampal apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to detect protein and mRNA expression, respectively. RESULTS HPLC and GC identified six active ingredients. Network pharmacology analyses were performed to test 66 intersection targets, including ASK1, MKK4, and JNK. Ferulic acid, HSYA, ligustilide, paeoniflorin, and muscone all displayed high binding affinity with ASK1 in molecular docking studies. The neuroprotective effects of TQHXD in I/R rats were demonstrated in the experimental models. In comparison with the model group, TQHXD decreased the apoptosis rate and reduced the protein levels of p-ASK1, caspase 3, p-MKK4, CytC, p-c-Jun, Bax/Bcl-2, and p-JNK, while considerably increasing the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and decreasing those of Bax. CONCLUSION By controlling the ASK1/MKK4/JNK pathway, TQHXD protects neurons from I/R damage and prevents apoptosis. Thus, TQHXD may be effective for the treatment of ischemic stroke. And the mechanism behind these therapeutic actions of TQHXD is supported by this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Yaping Hua
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pasokh A, Farzipour M, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on stroke outcomes: A systematic review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106727. [PMID: 36162378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel microbiota-based therapeutic method that transfers stool from donor into a recipient and its application is under investigating for neurological disorders such as stroke. In this systematic review, we assessed the effect of FMT in progression and treatment of stroke and recovery of post-stroke complications. METHODS Preliminary studies were searched in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, COCHRANE library and Google Scholar, databases up to February 2022. The search strategy was restricted to articles about FMT in stroke. The initial search yielded 4570 articles, of which 19 publications were included in our systematic review. RESULTS Based on outcomes transferring microbiome from healthy or ischemic donor to other ischemic recipient can affect brain infarct volume and survival rate, neurological and behavioral outcomes, and inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review on preclinical studies showed that manipulating gut microbiota via FMT can be a possible therapeutic approach for treatment of stroke and recovery of post-stroke complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Pasokh
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farzipour
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mojarad-Jabali S, Mahdinloo S, Farshbaf M, Sarfraz M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F, Valizadeh H. Transferrin receptor-mediated liposomal drug delivery: recent trends in targeted therapy of cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:685-705. [PMID: 35698794 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2083106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to normal cells, malignant cancer cells require more iron for their growth and rapid proliferation, which can be supplied by a high expression level of transferrin receptor (TfR). It is well known that the expression of TfR on the tumor cells is considerably higher than that of normal cells, which makes TfR an attractive target in cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the primary focus is on the role of TfR as a valuable tool for cancer-targeted drug delivery, followed by the full coverage of available TfR ligands and their conjugation chemistry to the surface of liposomes. Finally, the most recent studies investigating the potential of TfR-targeted liposomes as promising drug delivery vehicles to different cancer cells are highlighted with emphasis on their improvement possibilities to become a part of future cancer medicines. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes as a valuable class of nanocarriers have gained much attention toward cancer therapy. From all the studies that have exploited the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of TfR on cancer cells, it can be realized that the systematic assessment of TfR ligands applied for liposomal targeted delivery has yet to be entirely accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mahdinloo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu C, Gui F, Huang Q, Luo Y, Zeng Z, Li R, Guo L. Protective effects of muscone on traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:685. [PMID: 35845509 PMCID: PMC9279775 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major clinical concern, and it is a life-changing neurological condition with substantial socioeconomic implications. Muscone has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicinal formulations for its anti-inflammatory activity. However, its protective effects on traumatic SCI have not been explored. This study investigated whether muscone plays a protective role in SCI and compared its effects with those of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS). Methods Rats were divided into five groups: normal saline (NS; n=24), methylprednisolone (MP; w=24), and muscone 1 (MO1), muscone 2 (MO2), and muscone 3 (MO3) (n=24 in each group, collectively called the MOx groups). The SCI rat model was established by the modified Allen's method. The rats were administered muscone (MO1: 2.5 mg/kg, MO2: 5 mg/kg, and MO3: 10 mg/kg) or MP (30 mg/kg), or an equivalent volume of saline. The rats were kept under observation for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and caspase3 was detected by western blot analysis. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Nissl, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining was performed for pathological observation. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan motor function scores were evaluated for assessment of neural functions after acute SCI. Results Muscone inhibited immune-inflammatory reactions, neuronal necrosis, and apoptosis. The lower limb function recovery was better in the MOx groups compared with NS and MP groups according to Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores. The changes were remarkable in the MO2 group compared with the other groups. Conclusions Muscone alleviates secondary injury after SCI by reducing immune-inflammatory reactions, neuronal necrosis, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Gui
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanmeng Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zili Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruifu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang Q, Qi J, Gao Z, Li L, Wang N, Seto S, Yao M, Zhang Q, Wang L, Tong R, Chen Y, Chen X, Hou J. Chemical composition and protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid of Dan-Deng-Tong-Nao capsules on brain microvascular endothelial cells injured by OGD/R. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114705. [PMID: 34655669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dan-Deng-Tong-Nao Capsules (DDTNC) is a Chinese patent medicine and has been used in treating cerebral ischemic stroke (IS) for a long time in China, protection of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) is the main treatment strategy. But the holistic chemical information and potential bioactive components of DDTNC on protecting BMECs and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the active ingredients of DDTNC and to explore the protective effects of DDTNC on BMECs associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The components of DDTNC and cerebrospinal fluid containing composition of DDTNC (DDTNC-CSF) were detected by High performance liquid chromatography combined with Diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), respectively. The experiment rat model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the therapeutic effects of DDTNC were assessed by Longa assay and TTC staining. The cerebral micro vessel density was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The injured BMECs caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to evaluate the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid containing composition of DDTNC (DDTNC-CSF). The cell survival rate was detected by the method of CCK-8, the intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by Fluo-3. Moreover, the proteins of Bax, Bcl-2, Wnt, β-catenin, GSK-3β was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS The RSD values of all methodological studies were less than 3.0%. A total of 20 compounds were detected under the optimized HPLC-DAD chromatographic condition. In the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS negative mode, peak 1 and peak 2 were detecteted in DDTNC-CSF and was identified as Danshensu and Puerarin, respectively. In the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS positive mode, peak 1 and peak 3 were detecteted in DDTNC-CSF and was identified as Danshensu and Scutellarin, respectively. DDTNC significantly decreased the Longa values and infarct volume and significantly increased the cerebral microvessel density of the MCAO rats. The accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS in BMECs injured by OGD/R decreased significantly in DDTNC-CSF group. The expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin, wnt-1 was upregulated by DDTNC-CSF and the level of Bax and GSK3β could be downregulated by DDTNC-CSF. CONCLUSION The present study provided a scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of DDTNC in the treatment of IS and DDTNC is expected to be an effective drug for the treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Jiajia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Ziru Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Ruonan Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - Jincai Hou
- Jing-Jin-Ji Joint Innovation Pharmaceutical (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu Q, Liu J, Mao Z, Tian L, Wang N, Wang G, Wang Y, Seto S. Ligustilide attenuates ischemic stroke injury by promoting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission via activation of AMPK. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153884. [PMID: 34929562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major global cause of death and permanent disability. Studies have suggested that mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and inevitably involved in neuronal damage during cerebral ischemic. Ligustilide is the main active ingredient of Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiongs with neuroprotective activity. PURPOSE These study sought to exlopre the role of LIG in improving mitochondrial function and the relationship between LIG induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in ischemic stroke. METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was established by the model of Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in HT22 cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Mitochondrial functions of were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, and mitochondrial fission were detected by western blots. Furthermore, we studied the role of AMPK pathway in the neuroprotective effect of LIG. RESULTS LIG treatment significantly increased the MMP and ATP production, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Ca2+ overload, and further induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Moreover, we found that blocking mitochondrial fission by mdivi-1 resulted in accumulation of damaged mitochondria mainly through selectively blocking mitophagy, thereby inhibiting viability of HT-22 cells after OGD/R. Also, Drp-1 inhibitor mdivi-1 increased the infarct volume and aggravated the neurological deficits after MCAO operation in vivo. Additionally, LIG triggered AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. AMPKα2 knockdown attenuated LIG-induced mitochondrial fission through inhibiting the expression of Drp1 and Fis1, and led to nerve cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study indicate that LIG attenuated the injury of ischemic stroke by improving mitochondrial function and highlight the critical role of LIG in the regulation of LIG-induced mitochondrial fission and mitophagy via an AMPK-dependent manner. These findings indicate that LIG protects nerve damage against ischemic stroke by inducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission via activation of AMPK signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Liyu Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China.
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, PR China
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Yu J, Liu J, Liu H, Li J. Effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:731-740. [PMID: 34549680 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1976794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos) on learning, memory, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to determine whether SC-Exos exert their effects via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway-mediated mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty rats were randomly allocated to control, model, SC-Exos, and PI3K inhibitor groups. A model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established using the improved Longa method. Expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were compared in the brains and serum of each group. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, cytochrome C (CytC), PI3K, and AKT-related genes and proteins were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The SC-Exos-group exhibited more novel entries, less latency for the novel arm, and fewer entries into the starting arm and other arms than the model group (p<.05). Lower expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-2, and TNF-α and higher expression of IFN-γ were observed in the SC-Exos group than in the model group. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that lower neural cell apoptosis rate and expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, CytC, PI3K, and AKT mRNA and proteins and higher expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were observed in the SC-Exos group than in the model group (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS SC-Exos can significantly ameliorate brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism may be a novel therapeutic target for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang P, Wu SP, Wang N, Seto S, Chang D. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition pore. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153532. [PMID: 33735723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that are essential for cell fate decisions. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has displayed an impressively essential role in protection of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mitochondrial effect of HSYA on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (BMECs) under I/R remains to be largely unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the protective effects of HSYA-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) on cerebral I/R injury and its mechanism. METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was established by the model of Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Furthermore, to further clarify the relevant mechanism of HSYA's effects on mPTP, inhibition of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) with U0126 and transfect with Cyclophilin D (CypD) SiRNA to reversely verified whether the protective effects of HSYA were exerted by regulating the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK/CypD pathway. RESULTS HSYA treatment significantly increased BMECs viability, decreased the generation of ROS, opening of mPTP and translocation of cytochrome c after OGD/R. In addition to inhibited CypD, HSYA potentiated MEK and increased phosphorylation of ERK expression in BMECs, inhibited apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial. Notably, HSYA also significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and decreased the infarct volume in rats. CONCLUSION HSYA reduced the CytC export from mitochondrial by inhibited the open of mPTP via MEK/ERK/CypD pathway, contributing to the protection of I/R. Thus, our study not only revealed novel mechanisms of HSYA for its anti-I/R function, but also provided a template for the design of novel mPTP inhibitor for the treatment of various mPTP-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Si-Peng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University; Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu SP, Wang N, Zhao L. Network Pharmacology Reveals the Mechanism of Activity of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Extract Against Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:572624. [PMID: 33519437 PMCID: PMC7844429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical therapies such as tissue repair by replacing injured tissues with functional ones have been reported; however, there is great potential for exploring traditional herbal-induced regeneration with good safety. Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction (TQHXD), a well-known classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has been widely used for clinical treatment of stroke. However, biological activity and mechanisms of action of its constituents toward conferring protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unclear. In this present study, we evaluated TQHXD quality using HPLC; then, it was screened for its potential active ingredients using a series of indices, such as their drug-likeness and oral bioavailability. Subsequently, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of TQHXD anti-I/R using gene ontology functional enrichment analyses. The network pharmacological approach enabled us to screen 265 common targets associated with I/R, indicating that TQHXD had remarkable protective effects on infarction volume, neurological function scores, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury. In addition, TQHXD significantly promoted the recovery of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 7 days after reperfusion compared to rats in the vehicle group. Immunofluorescence results revealed a significantly higher CD34 expression in TQHXD-treated rats 7 days after reperfusion. TQHXD is not merely effective but eventually develops a secretory profile composed of VEGF and cerebral blood flow, a typical signature termed the angiogenesis-associated phenotype. Mechanistically, our data revealed that TQHXD (6 g/kg) treatment resulted in a marked increase in expression of p-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and p-Paxillin proteins. However, Ki8751-mediated inhibition of VEGFR2 activity repealed its angiogenesis and protective effects and decreased both p-FAK and p-Paxillin protein levels. Taken together, these findings affirmed the potential of TQHXD as a drug for the management of stroke, which might be exerted by increasing the angiogenesis via the VEGF pathway. Therefore, these results provide proof-of-concept evidence that angiogenesis is a major contributor to TQHXD-treated I/R and that TQHXD is a promising traditional ethnic medicine for the management of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Xing H, Qin X, Ren Q, Yang J, Li L. Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of muscone. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113120. [PMID: 32668321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Musk, the dried secretion from the preputial follicles of the male musk deer (genus Moschus), possesses various pharmacological activities and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Muscone is the main active ingredient of musk and exerts pharmacological effects similar to those of musk. Although muscone was notably used to treat various disorders and diseases, such as neurological disorders, chronic inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion injury, most of the mechanisms of the pharmacological action of muscone remain unclear because of slow progress in research before the 21st century. In recent years, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of muscone have been clarified. The present article summarizes the pharmacological and biological studies on cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological effects, cancer and others and the associated mechanisms of the action of muscone to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Health Management Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Ren
- Health Management Center, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ha E, Kim M, Chun J, Seo CS, Ahn Y, Jung J. Tongqiaohuoxue Hinders Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis: A Possible Role in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110363. [PMID: 33121058 PMCID: PMC7692730 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease and coronary heart disease are two ever-increasing major health concerns worldwide. Scientific studies revealed a link between Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis, a major causality of coronary heart disease. Herbal medicine has been widely prescribed to treat Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis. In the current study, we explored the possible therapeutic effect of Tongqiaohuoxue, a herbal medicine developed during the Qing dynasty of China for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, on Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis. We discovered Tongqiaohuoxue showed therapeutic effects not only on atherosclerosis but also on Alzheimer’s disease. Tongqiaohuoxue treatment into the animal model of Alzheimer’s disease and atherosclerosis attenuated atherosclerotic plaque and brain amyloid formations, abnormalities that are characteristic of coronary heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Based on these findings, Tongqiaohuxue showed promising therapeutic effects for the treatment of patients with both Alzheimer’s disease and coronary heart disease. Abstract Atherosclerosis is closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Tongqiaohuoxue decoction (THD) is a classical herbal prescription in traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of THD on atherosclerosis and AD. Eight-week-old C57BL6/J wild-type and ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for eight weeks, followed by oral phosphate-buffered saline vehicle or THD treatment for eight weeks further. In ApoE-/- mice, THD attenuated lipid deposition in the aorta and the brain, and abrogated atherosclerotic changes without affecting serum lipid profiles while decreasing amyloid plaque formation. In vitro assays undertaken to understand THD’s effects on lipid clearance in the aorta and brain vessels revealed that THD treatment inhibited the lipid uptake, stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, resulted in decreased endothelial cell activation through reduction in intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. Serum analysis revealed inhibitory effects of THD on resistin production, which has important roles in the development of both atherosclerosis and AD. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates beneficial effects of THD on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and a possible protective role against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (E.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Non-Clinical Research Collaboration Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - YouMee Ahn
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu Q, Mao Z, Liu J, Huang J, Wang N. Ligustilide Attenuates Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:979. [PMID: 32676033 PMCID: PMC7333531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligustilide (LIG), a main lipophilic component isolated from Cnidii Rhizoma (Cnidium officinale, rhizome) and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (Angelica gigas Nakai, root), has been shown to alleviate cerebral ischemia injury and paly a neuroprotective role. We investigated mechanisms underlying the antiapoptotic effects of LIG in vitro and in vivo, respectively, using cultured primary hippocampal neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rats under cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) conditions. In vitro studies revealed that the suppressed apoptosis in hippocampal neurons upon LIG treatment was associated with reduced calcium influx and generation of reactive oxygen species. The LIG-treated hippocampal neurons exhibited decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and the release of CytC from mitochondria as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-3, which were accompanied with enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt protein, in a PI3K-dependent manner. In vivo studies demonstrated a neuroprotective role of LIG in attenuating cerebral infarction volume, neurological injury and hippocampal neuron injury, suggesting that LIG could reverse ischemia reperfusion(I/R)-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. These results together suggest that LIG may be considered as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of ischemia stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinling Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang S, Duan W, Zhang S, Chen D, Feng J, Qi N. Muscone/RI7217 co-modified upward messenger DTX liposomes enhanced permeability of blood-brain barrier and targeting glioma. Theranostics 2020; 10:4308-4322. [PMID: 32292496 PMCID: PMC7150489 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The dual-targeted drug delivery system was designed for enhancing permeation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and providing an anti-glioma effect. As transferrin receptor (TfR) is over-expressed by the brain capillary endothelial (hCMEC/D3) and glioma cells, a mouse monoclonal antibody, RI7217, with high affinity and selectivity for TfR, was used to study the brain targeted drug delivery system. Muscone, an ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) musk, was used as the "guide" drug to probe the permeability of the BBB for drug delivery into the cerebrospinal fluid. This study investigated the combined effects of TCM aromatic resuscitation and modern receptor-targeted technology by the use of muscone/RI7217 co-modified docetaxel (DTX) liposomes for enhanced drug delivery to the brain for anti-glioma effect. Methods: Cellular drug uptake from the formulations was determined using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The drug penetrating ability into tumor spheroids were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In vivo glioma-targeting ability of formulations was evaluated using whole-body fluorescent imaging system. The survival curve study was performed to evaluate the anti-glioma effect of the formulations. Results: The results showed that muscone and RI7217 co-modified DTX liposomes enhanced uptake into both hCMEC/D3 and U87-MG cells, increased penetration to the deep region of U87-MG tumor spheroids, improved brain targeting in vivo and prolonged survival time of nude mice bearing tumor. Conclusion: Muscone and RI7217 co-modified DTX liposomes were found to show improved brain targeting and enhanced the efficacy of anti-glioma drug treatment in vivo.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang F, Zhai M, Wu Q, Jia X, Wang Y, Wang N. Protective Effect of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction on Inflammatory Injury Caused by Intestinal Microbial Disorders in Stroke Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:788-800. [PMID: 32132347 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue Decoction (TQHXD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TQHXD on intervening inflammatory response of ischemic stroke by regulating intestinal flora and repairing the intestinal barrier. A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and behavioral scores were performed. Additionally, the high throughput 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence of intestinal bacteria in fecal samples of rat was also carried out. Our results showed that TQHXD could change the main components of intestinal flora in stroke rats, and reduced the excessive increase of Bacteroidetes, and also regulated the abnormal changes of abundance of some flora as well. In addition, the intestinal epithelial barrier was damaged after stroke, allowing bacterial metabolites to enter the blood, while TQHXD had an improved effect on this phenomenon. Meanwhile, pathological changes in the brain tissue and infarct volume were also alleviated by TQHXD. Due to the disorder of the intestinal flora and the destruction of the barrier, the peripheral immune imbalance caused an inflammatory reaction. TQHXD improved the imbalance of T cells, and inhibited the inflammatory response. Finally, the therapeutic transplantation of fecal microbiota also improved the outcome of stroke in rats. Our presented results suggest that TQHXD may improve the gut microbiota disorder and its induced inflammatory response after stroke, which could be a new target and mechanism for the treatment of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Mengting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula of Anhui Province, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.,Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin Y, Yu L, Xu F, Zhou J, Xiong B, Tang Y, Li X, Liu L, Jin W. Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in Compatibility in Normal and Cerebral Ischemia Rats: A Comparative Study. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 45:273-284. [PMID: 31828667 PMCID: PMC7089879 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Dan-Hong injection, which comprises extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, promotes blood circulation and reduces blood stasis. Combination of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius is more effective in treating cerebral ischemia than S. miltiorrhiza alone. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of four active ingredients of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius, namely danshensu (DSS), hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and salvianolic acid A (SAA) and B (SAB) in normal and cerebral ischemia rats. Methods Normal and cerebral ischemia rats were injected via the tail vein with each active ingredient, and blood was collected through the jaw vein at different time points. The plasma concentration of the compatibility group was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using Pharmacokinetic Kinetica 4.4 software. Results The pharmacokinetics of the four active ingredients in the normal and cerebral ischemia rats were consistent with a two-compartment model. The area under the concentration–time curve was higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with a highly significant difference for SAA (P < 0.01). Clearance rates were lower in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats, with DSS showing the most significant difference (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were significant differences between normal and cerebral ischemia rats in the distribution phase-elimination half life for DSS, SAA, and HSYA, as well as in the apparent volume of distribution for the central compartment for DSS and HSYA (P < 0.01). The plasma concentrations of the four active ingredients were higher in normal rats than in cerebral ischemia rats. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia rats showed higher drug clearance rates and longer retention times than normal rats, which may be due to destruction of the blood–brain barrier during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. The four active ingredients likely integrated and interacted with each other to affect target sites in the brain to protect against cerebral ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, No. 219 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinshan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanying Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weifeng Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ligustilide Ameliorates the Permeability of the Blood–Brain Barrier Model In Vitro During Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Injury Through HIF/VEGF Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 73:316-325. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
21
|
New progress in the approaches for blood–brain barrier protection in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Wu S, Wang N, He Q, Chang G, Seto SW, Chang D, Liang H. The Establishment of the Method of Cell Biochromatograpy and Analysis of the Active Ingredients from TongQiaoHuoXue Decoction Acting on the Neurocytes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:983-991. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SiPeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - GuoJie Chang
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University
| | | |
Collapse
|