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He Y, Bai M, He Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Jiang S, Wang G. Suspended particles are hotspots for pathogen-related bacteria and ARGs in coastal beach waters of northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153004. [PMID: 35026254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine suspended particles are unique micro-habitats for diverse microbes and also hotspots of microbially metabolic activities. However, the association of bacterial pathogens, especially those carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with these particles remain largely unknown in coastal habitats. This study investigated the distribution of pathogen-related bacteria and ARGs in particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) fractions of samples collected at three coastal beaches using NextGen sequencing and qPCR. Suspended particles were found to harbor significantly higher abundances of bacteria of pathogen-related genera and ARGs than their counterparts. Functional analysis of microbial community suggested that antibiotic biosynthetic pathways were also more abundant among PA microbiome comparing to FL microbial community, which further facilitated the spread of ARGs. Additionally, 13 pathogen-related genera co-occurred with ARG in PA fraction while only 2 pathogen-related genera co-occurred with ARGs in FL fraction. Overall, our research revealed suspended particles harbored more abundant pathogen-related genera and ARGs comparing with surrounding waters. Thus, suspended particles are hotspots for pathogen-related genera and ARGs and may pose a greater threat to human health in coastal beach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mohan Bai
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Suisui Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiabo Zhang
- The Eighth Geological Brigade, Hebei Geological Prospecting Bureau, Qinhuangdao 066001, China; Marine Ecological Restoration and Smart Ocean Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066001, China
| | - Sunny Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang AN, Che Y, Liu L, Deng Y, Zhang T. Underrepresented high diversity of class 1 integrons in the environment uncovered by PacBio sequencing using a new primer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147611. [PMID: 34000537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Class 1 integrons (CL1s) are one of the major contributors to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, our knowledge of CL1 in the environment is still very limited due to the limitations of the current PCR primers and the sequencing methods adopted. This study developed a new primer coupled with PacBio sequencing to investigate the underrepresented diversity of CL1s in a mixed environmental sample (i.e. activated sludge from wastewater treatment plant and pig feces from animal farm). The new primer successfully uncovered 20 extra ARGs subtypes and 57% (422/739) more unique integron array structures than the previous primers. Compared to the whole genome database, CL1s revealed in the environment in this study were of much greater diversity, having 93% (900/967) novel array structures. Antibiotic resistance is the predominant function (78.3% genes) carried by CL1, and a vast majority (98.6% genes) of them confer resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol. Additionally, 78.5% unique CL1 arrays carried more than one ARGs, and 25.9% of them carried ARGs of clinical relevance with high transferability potential posing threat to the general public. Our results indicated the importance of CL1s in the spread of ARGs. Overall, combining PacBio sequencing with the new primer designed in this study largely broadened our knowledge of CL1s in the environment and their significance in the environmental proliferation of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - An-Ni Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - You Che
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lei Liu
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Deng
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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First Report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 Gene Cassette Array and Phage Tail Tape Measure Protein on Class 1 Integrons of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Animal and Human Sources in Egypt. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112067. [PMID: 33171625 PMCID: PMC7695199 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Campylobacter species are among the major causes of bacterial foodborne infections. Here, we investigate, for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Our results revealed alarming PDR (2.55%) and inordinate XDR (68.94%) and MDR (28.5%) Campylobacter isolates. None of the examined isolates were pan-susceptible. The existence of a novel gene cassette array, namely aacC5-aadA7Δ4 and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter species is the most highlighted novelty of the current study. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions as well as treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons. Abstract Campylobacter species are common commensals in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock animals; thus, animal-to-human transmission occurs frequently. We investigated for the first time, class 1 integrons and associated gene cassettes among pan drug-resistant (PDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Campylobacter species isolated from livestock animals and humans in Egypt. Campylobacter species were detected in 58.11% of the analyzed chicken samples represented as 67.53% Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) and 32.47% Campylobacter coli (C. coli). C. jejuni isolates were reported in 51.42%, 74.28%, and 66.67% of examined minced meat, raw milk, and human stool samples, respectively. Variable antimicrobial resistance phenotypes; PDR (2.55%), XDR (68.94%), and MDR (28.5%) campylobacters were reported. Molecular analysis revealed that 97.36% of examined campylobacters were integrase gene-positive; all harbored the class 1 integrons, except one possessed an empty integron structure. DNA sequence analysis revealed the predominance of aadA (81.08%) and dfrA (67.56%) alleles accounting for resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim, respectively. This is the first report of aacC5-aadA7Δ4 gene cassette array and a putative phage tail tape measure protein on class 1 integrons of Campylobacter isolates. Evidence from this study showed the possibility of Campylobacter–bacteriophage interactions and treatment failure in animals and humans due to horizontal gene transfer mediated by class 1 integrons.
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Wang P, Qiao Z, Li X, Wu D, Xie B. Fate of integrons, antibiotic resistance genes and associated microbial community in food waste and its large-scale biotreatment systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106013. [PMID: 32771831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been globally gained increasing concerns. However, the fate and spread of ARGs in food waste (FW) and its large-scale biotreatment systems are seldomly understood. Here, we investigated the initial and biologically treated FW in two major FW treatment systems of aerobic fermentation (AF) and anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) processes. The total relative abundances of integrons and ARGs significantly increased from initial FW to treated FW. Among targeted ARGs, ermB and strB were predominant ARGs, which accounted for 52.58-95.28% of total abundance across all samples. Mantel test indicated that integrons (intl1 and intl2) were positively and significantly correlated with detected ARGs (Mantel test, r = 0.24, p < 0.05), suggesting integrons display significant contributions on driving ARG alteration during FW treatment processes. RDA results indicated that blaOXA, strB and blaTEM were more likely to be proliferated by potential host of Firmicutes (96.55-99.77%) in initial FW, while blaCTX-M and mefA were potentially enriched by Proteobacteria (17.12-49.82%) in AF system and ermB, sul1, aadA and tetQ were possibly enhanced by Bacteroidetes (27.43-43.71%) in AcoD system. Consideration of the higher enriched abundance of total ARGs (66.88 ± 87.34 times) and the used inoculum sludge in AcoD-treated system, the resource utilization of anaerobically digested products should draw our more attentions. These findings would deepen our understanding of prevalence and proliferation of ARGs in FW treatment systems and serve as a foundation for guiding the application of biologically treated FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panliang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ziru Qiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xunan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Mohsenzadeh M, Abtahi-Eivary SH, Pirouzi A, Khaledi A, Rahimi M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of urinary tract infection, frequency of IS elements and MDR isolates retrieved from adult patients. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Liu M, Ma J, Jia W, Li W. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Gene Cassettes from Class 1 Integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:670-676. [PMID: 32407190 PMCID: PMC7307683 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antibiotic-resistance phenotypes and molecularly characterized class 1 integron gene cassettes from 113 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients. Primers specific for the class 1 integron integrase (intI1) gene were used to screen for these integrons using polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). The variable regions of the integrons were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Sputum was the most common specimen (69.9%; 79/113) followed by aseptic sites (21.2%; 24/113). Of the 113 isolates with phenotypic resistance to the tested antimicrobials, the highest resistances were to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (26.55%), imipenem (IPM) (23.89%), and meropenem (MEM) (23%). Carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa (CS-PA) isolates displayed 23 patterns, and the predominant multidrug resistance phenotype was CIP-levofloxacin (7.23%, 6/83). Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CR-PA) isolates displayed 12 patterns, and the predominant multidrug resistance phenotype was IPM-MEM (23.33%, 7/30). Class 1 integrons were detected in 14 (12.4%, 14/113) isolates, 7.22% (6/83) in CS-PA isolates, and 26.67% (8/30) in CR-PA isolates. Six gene cassette arrays were detected, the most prevalent being aacA4-blaOXA101-aadA5 in five isolates (4.4%, 5/113). Seventeen gene cassettes were detected. The most prevalent antibiotic-resistance gene cassettes were aacA4 (6.2%, 7/113), blaOXA-1, and blaOXA-101. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase resistance genes were detected. Some of the genes carried were similar to those in other species, but some had shared characteristics among the P. aeruginosa isolates. Long-standing drug resistance genes appeared to be under elimination in P. aeruginosa, whereas integrons conferring resistance to commonly used clinical drugs such as β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, and even carbapenems, as well as some other gene elements, were found to be newly integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wanxiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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The Relationship of Class I Integron Gene Cassettes and the Multidrug-Resistance in Extended -Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Isolates of Escherichia coli. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.87961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Rodulfo H, Arcia A, Hernández A, Michelli E, Martinez DDV, Guzman M, Sharma A, Donato MD. Virulence factors and integrons are associated with MDR and XDR phenotypes in nosocomial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Venezuelan university hospital. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e20. [PMID: 30970111 PMCID: PMC6453424 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), virulence and transferable elements potentiate
Pseudomonas aeruginosa's role as an opportunistic pathogen
creating a high risk for public health. In this study, we evaluated the possible
association of multidrug resistance, virulence factors and integrons with
intrahospital P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients at
Cumana hospital, Venezuela. Relevant clinical-epidemiological data were
collected to study 176 strains (2009-2016) isolated from different hospital
units. Bacterial resistance was classified as susceptible, low-level resistant
(LDR), multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Most
strains produced pyoverdine, DNase, gelatinase and hemolysin. Around 73% of the
strains showed some type of movement. MDR and XDR strains increased from 2009
(24.2% and 4.8%, respectively) to 2016 (53.1% and 18.8%); while LDR decreased
from 64.5% to 6.3%. The exoU and exoS genes
were found in a significant number of strains (38.1 and 7.4%, respectively).
Class I integrons were detected in 35.8% of the strains and the frequency was
associated with resistance (42.9, 22.4, 41.4 and 61.9%, for susceptible, LDR,
MDR and XDR, respectively). The MDR/XDR strains were positively associated with
hemolysins and exoU, but negatively associated with bacterial
twitching. MDR/XDR phenotypes were also associated with the Intensive Care Unit
(ICU), septicemia, bronchial infection and diabetic foot ulcers, as well as long
hospital stay (≥10 days) and previous antimicrobial treatment. High frequency of
MDR/XDR strains and their association with class I integrons and virulence
factors can increase the infection potential, as well as morbidity and mortality
of patients attending this hospital and could spread infection to the community,
creating a health risk for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hectorina Rodulfo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico.,Universidad de Oriente, Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Anlenys Arcia
- Universidad de Oriente, Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Aldo Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Elvia Michelli
- Universidad de Oriente, Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Dianny Del Valle Martinez
- Hospital Universitario Antonio Patricio de Alcalá, Laboratório de Bacteriología Clínica, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Militza Guzman
- Universidad de Oriente, Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Cumaná, Venezuela
| | - Ashutoch Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico.,Universidad de Oriente, Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Cumaná, Venezuela
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Asgharzadeh Kangachar S, Mojtahedi A. Evaluation of integrons classes 1–3 in extended spectrum beta-lactamases and multi drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates in the North of Iran. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Haghi F, Zeighami H, Monazami A, Toutouchi F, Nazaralian S, Naderi G. Diversity of virulence genes in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections. Microb Pathog 2017; 115:251-256. [PMID: 29273509 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has frequently been reported as the cause of nosocomial outbreaks of burn wound infections. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa is partly due to the production of several cell-associated and extracellular virulence factors. A total of 93 P. aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of virulence genes. All (100%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The most frequent resistance found against ampicillin (91.4%), co-trimoxazole (77.4%), gentamicin (68.8%), cefotaxime (50.5%), aztreonam and piperacillin (41.9%). A total of 88 (94.6%) isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobial agents and considered as multidrug resistance MDR. All isolates carried at least two or more different virulence genes. The most prevalent virulence gene was toxA (97.8%), followed by plcH (96.7%), phzI (96.7%), exoY (93.1%) and phzII (90.3%). exoU was not detected in P. aeruginosa isolates. The frequency of pilB (17.2%), exoT (20.4%), pilA (24.7%) and phzS/phzH (27.9%) was lower than other virulence genes. Twenty nine (31.2%) isolates had simultaneously 8 virulence genes, 22 (23.7%) isolates had 6 virulence genes and 19 (20.4%) isolates had 7 virulence genes. All MDR isolates carried at least 5 virulence factors. These results indicate a high frequency and heterogeneity of virulence gene profiles among multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from burn wound infections. Therefore, appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent the further spread of these isolates in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhri Haghi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Zeighami
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Arefeh Monazami
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Toutouchi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shima Nazaralian
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghazal Naderi
- Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Chen B, Yuan K, Chen X, Yang Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Luan T, Zou S, Li X. Metagenomic Analysis Revealing Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Their Genetic Compartments in the Tibetan Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6670-9. [PMID: 27111002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in a minimally impacted environment are essential to understanding the evolution and dissemination of modern antibiotic resistance. Chemical analyses of the samples collected from Tibet demonstrated that the region under investigation was almost devoid of anthropogenic antibiotics. The soils, animal wastes, and sediments were different from each other in terms of bacterial community structures, and in the typical profiles of ARGs and MGEs. Diverse ARGs that encoded resistance to common antibiotics (e.g., beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, etc.) were found mainly via an efflux mechanism completely distinct from modern antibiotic resistome. In addition, a very small fraction of ARGs in the Tibetan environment were carried by MGEs, indicating the low potential of these ARGs to be transferred among bacteria. In comparison to the ARG profiles in relatively pristine Tibet, contemporary ARGs and MGEs in human-impacted environments have evolved substantially since the broad use of anthropogenic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Chen
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Chen
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ying Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong
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Adesoji AT, Ogunjobi AA, Olatoye IO. Characterization of Integrons and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes among Bacteria from Drinking Water Distribution Systems in Southwestern Nigeria. Chemotherapy 2016; 62:34-42. [PMID: 27322615 DOI: 10.1159/000446150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria in clinical and environmental settings is a global problem. Many antibiotic resistance genes are located on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and integrons, enabling their transfer among a variety of bacterial species. Water distribution systems may be reservoirs for the spread of antibiotic resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacteria isolated from raw, treated, and municipal tap water samples from selected water distribution systems in south-western Nigeria were investigated using the point inoculation method with seeded antibiotics, PCR amplification, and sequencing for the determination of bacterial resistance profiles and class 1/2 integrase genes and gene cassettes, respectively. RESULTS sul1,sul2, and sul3 were detected in 21.6, 27.8, and 0% of the isolates, respectively (n = 162). Class 1 and class 2 integrons were detected in 21.42 and 3.6% of the isolates, respectively (n = 168). Genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA2, aadA1, and aadB), trimethoprim (dfrA15, dfr7, and dfrA1), and sulfonamide (sul1) were detected among bacteria with class 1 integrons, while genes that encodes resistance to strepthothricin (sat2) and trimethoprim (dfrA15) were detected among bacteria with class 2 integrons. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria from these water samples are a potential reservoir of multidrug-resistant traits including sul genes and mobile resistance elements, i.e. the integrase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele T Adesoji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
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Shahi SK, Kumar A. Isolation and Genetic Analysis of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria from Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1464. [PMID: 26779134 PMCID: PMC4700134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) patients visiting Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, were selected for this study. Bacteria were isolated from swab and deep tissue of 42 patients, for examining their prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity. DFUs of majority of the patients were found infected with Enterococcus spp. (47.61%), Escherichia coli (35.71%), Staphylococcus spp. (33.33%), Alcaligenes spp. (30.95%), Pseudomonas spp. (30.95%), and Stenotrophomonas spp. (30.95%). Antibiotic susceptibility assay of 142 bacteria with 16 antibiotics belonging to eight classes showed the presence of 38 (26.76%) isolates with multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. MDR character appeared to be governed by integrons as class 1 integrons were detected in 26 (68.42%) isolates. Altogether six different arrays of genes (aadA1, aadB, aadAV, dhfrV, dhfrXII, and dhfrXVII) were found within class 1 integron. Gene cassette dhfrAXVII-aadAV (1.6 kb) was present in 12 (3 Gram positive and 9 Gram negative) isolates and was conserved across all the isolates as evident from RFLP analysis. In addition to the presence of class 1 integron, six β-lactamase resistance encoding genes namely bla TEM, bla SHV, bla OXA, bla CTX-M-gp1, bla CTX-M-gp2, and bla CTX-M-gp9 and two methicillin resistance genes namely mecA and femA and vancomycin resistance encoding genes (vanA and vanB) were identified in different isolates. Majority of the MDR isolates were positive for bla TEM (89.47%), bla OXA (52.63%), and bla CTX-M-gp1 (34.21%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from DFUs from North India. In conclusion, findings of this study suggest that class-1 integrons and β-lactamase genes contributed to the MDR in above bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh K Shahi
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
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Lin L, Yuan K, Liang X, Chen X, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Zou S, Luan T, Chen B. Occurrences and distribution of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes in the Yangtze River Estuary and nearby coastal area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:304-310. [PMID: 26349787 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of highly impacted estuaries needs to be examined with respect to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. In the present study, sulfonamide resistance (sul), tetracycline resistance (tet) and class I integron (int1) genes were ubiquitous in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary (YE) and nearby coastal area, and exhibited a declining trend from the inner estuary to the coast. Good relationships were only observed between int1 and sul1 genes, implying that int1 gene is essential to the proliferation of sul1 gene. A non-significant correlation between int1 and 16S rRNA genes indicated that the int1 gene came from pollution sources of ARGs instead of being intrinsic in environmental bacterial populations. Sulfonamides were rarely detected in the sediments of this region, so could not result in the production of sul genes in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, PR China
| | - Ke Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ximei Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shichun Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Baowei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Zeighami H, Haghi F, Masumian N, Hemmati F, Samei A, Naderi G. Distribution of Integrons and Gene Cassettes Among Uropathogenic and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolates in Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:435-40. [PMID: 25658172 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrons are considered to play a significant role in the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. A total of 200 uropathogenic (UPEC) and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolates from outpatients were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of class 1, 2, and 3 integron-associated integrase (intI) genes and gene cassettes. Conjugal transfer and Southern hybridization were performed to determine the genetic localization of class 1 integrons. One hundred ninety-two (96%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance among DEC isolates was higher compared with the UPEC. Integrons were highly prevalent in both pathotypes (92.5%). Comparison of integrons among UPEC and DEC showed that DEC isolates harbored integrases (94% for intI1, 8% for intI2) with a slightly higher frequency than in UPEC isolates (87% for intI1, 7% for intI2) (p>0.05). Dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA) and aminoglycoside adenyl transferase (aad) gene cassettes were found most frequently in intI1-positive isolates. All isolates carried their class 1 integrons on conjugative plasmids. These results indicate that class 1 integrons are widespread among E. coli isolates. Therefore, appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent the further spread of integron-producing isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Zeighami
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fakhri Haghi
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Neda Masumian
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan Islamic Azad University , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hemmati
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Samei
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghazal Naderi
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
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Chen B, Liang X, Nie X, Huang X, Zou S, Li X. The role of class I integrons in the dissemination of sulfonamide resistance genes in the Pearl River and Pearl River Estuary, South China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 282:61-7. [PMID: 24994022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as a newly emerging contaminant, are unique because they are disseminated through horizontal gene transfer in the environment. In the present study, a class 1 integron gene (int1) and various ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, qnrS, and ermB) were measured in water and sediment samples from the Pearl River (PR) to the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), where there is a distinct gradient in anthropogenic impact. The int1, sul1, and sul2 genes were detected in all samples, and their concentrations exhibited a clear trend of decline consistent with anthropogenic impact. Both the int1 and sul genes had dynamically migrated between water and sediments. The relative abundance of the int1 gene normalized to the 16S rRNA gene correlated significantly with the total concentrations of antibiotics in water and sediments. Good correlations were also observed between the abundance of int1 and each type of sul gene in the samples. However, the sul1 gene showed a much stronger relationship with int1 in different seasons, probably due to the presence of sul1 in the conserved region of class 1 integron. Our results strongly support that integrons play an important role in the dissemination of ARGs in human-impacted aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ximei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Zeighami H, Haghi F, Hajiahmadi F. Molecular characterization of integrons in clinical isolates of betalactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Iran. J Chemother 2014; 27:145-51. [PMID: 24571248 DOI: 10.1179/1973947814y.0000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Integrons are considered to play a significant role in the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance genes. A total of 349 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated for molecular characterization of integrons and betalactamases. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The frequency of extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) or metallo-betalactamases (MBL)-producing isolates, patient demographics, and the susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents were described. BlaCTX-M was the most frequently detected betalactamase in all isolates. Moreover, MBL producing K. pneumoniae carried blaIMP and blaVIM at 100 and 41·6%, respectively but no MBL-positive E. coli was detected. Class 1 integrons were more frequent among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in comparison with class 2 integrons and the frequency of intI2 in K. pneumoniae was significantly higher than E. coli isolates. Five different resistance gene arrays were identified among class 1 integrons. Dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA) and aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (aad) gene cassettes were found to be predominant in the class 1 integrons. These results indicate that class 1 integrons are widespread among ESBL-producing isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli and appropriate surveillance and control measures are essential to prevent further dissemination of these elements among Enterobacteriaceae in our country.
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Zeighami H, Haghi F, Hajiahmadi F, Kashefiyeh M, Memariani M. Multi-drug-resistant enterotoxigenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea. J Chemother 2014; 27:152-5. [PMID: 24571245 DOI: 10.1179/1973947813y.0000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) has rapidly spread worldwide and represents the most serious threat to the management of diarrhea in developing countries. During the period from March 2011 to January 2012, a total of 450 stool samples of diarrheal children aged 0-60 months were studied. In order to detect enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) simultaneously, a mixture of four primer pairs specific for eltB, estA, vt1, and vt2 genes was used in a multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. A total of 140 (31·1%) DEC were isolated from 450 stool samples. Diarrheagenic E. coli exhibited high-level resistance to aztreonam (80·7%), amoxicillin (74·4%), and tetracycline (69·3%). Also, 86·4% of E. coli isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antimicrobial agents and considered as MDR. The frequency of ETEC and EHEC pathotypes was 46·4 and 12·1%, respectively and all of these isolates were MDR. In conclusion, MDR ETEC continues to be an important agent associated with diarrhea in children from Tabriz, Iran.
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Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Langarizadeh N, Aghazadeh M. First report of class 1 and class 2 integrons in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from northwest Iran. Jpn J Infect Dis 2012; 65:256-9. [PMID: 22627310 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.65.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of multidrug resistance, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and presence of class 1 and 2 integrons in 150 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from northwest Iran by performing phenotypic confirmatory tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Of the 150 isolates, 149 (99.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Of the MDR isolates, 124 (83.2%) were ESBL positive. The results of the PCR analysis showed that 117 (78.5%) and 20 (13.4%) MDR K. pneumoniae isolates carried intI1 and intI2, respectively, and 16 (10.7%) MDR K. pneumoniae isolates contained the integrase genes of both class 1 and class 2. Resistance of the isolates to gentamicin, tetracycline, ceftazidime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid was observed to be significantly associated with the presence of class 1 integrons; however, the resistance to tetracycline was observed to be associated with the presence of class 2 integrons alone. This study showed that integrons are widely prevalent in the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from northwest Iran, and that they may be playing an important role in attributing multidrug resistance to the clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrons in MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from clinical settings in northwest Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee
- Research Center of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. rezaee@tbzmed.ac.ir
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Phongpaichit S, Tunyapanit W, Pruekprasert P. Antimicrobial Resistance, Class 1 Integrons and Extended-Spectrum .BETA.-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Patients in South Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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