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Ma L, Ji L, Wang T, Zhai Z, Su P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wu Z, Yu H, Zhao H. Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating intestinal microbiota to combat influenza a virus infection. Virol J 2023; 20:260. [PMID: 37957630 PMCID: PMC10644525 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a prevalent respiratory pathogen that can cause seasonal flu and global pandemics, posing a significant global public health threat. Emerging research suggests that IAV infections may disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, while gut dysbiosis can affect disease progression in IAV patients. Therefore, restoring gut microbiota balance may represent a promising therapeutic target for IAV infections. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its ability to regulate gut microbiota, offers significant potential in preventing and treating IAV. This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between IAV and gut microbiota, highlighting the impact of gut microbiota on IAV infections. It also explores the mechanisms and role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of IAV, presenting novel research avenues for traditional Chinese medicine-based IAV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanYing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - PeiWei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - YaNan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - WenXiao Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - ZhiChun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HuaYun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaiJun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China.
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Xie J, Tan P, Geng F, Shang Q, Qin S, Hao L. A practical and rapid screening method for influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors based on fluorescence detection. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:547-556. [PMID: 36617368 PMCID: PMC9826620 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method for rapid screening of influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors was established. The method is based on the principle that, given a certain amount of neuraminidase, the sample and the neuraminidase act in the microplate for a period of time, and the active neuraminidase that is not inhibited by the sample can generate a fluorescence value at a specific wavelength after binding to the substrate, and the rate of inhibition of neuraminidase by the sample can be calculated based on the actual detected fluorescence value. This newly developed method was used to screen and evaluate the in vitro anti-neuraminidase activity of 39 high-purity compounds contained in three traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and finally 25 compounds with strong activity were obtained. The newly established neuraminidase inhibitor analytical method has these advantages of practicality, rapidity, high sensitivity and low cost, and has a good value for promotion and application. This article newly establishes a rapid, sensitive, simple and practical screening method for influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors, which is a great complement to the existing methods and has a good promotion and application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Medicinal American Cockroach, Sichuan Good Doctor Panxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center of Antiviral Traditional Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Pengzhou, 611900, China
| | - Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Hernández-Parra H, Reyes-Hernández OD, Figueroa-González G, González-Del Carmen M, González-Torres M, Peña-Corona SI, Florán B, Cortés H, Leyva-Gómez G. Alteration of the blood-brain barrier by COVID-19 and its implication in the permeation of drugs into the brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1125109. [PMID: 36998270 PMCID: PMC10043238 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1125109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse neurological symptoms have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), including stroke, ataxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and cognitive impairment. These alterations can cause serious sequelae or death and are associated with the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the Central Nervous System (CNS). This mini-review discusses the main proposed mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its involvement in the passage of drugs into the CNS. We performed a search in PubMed with the terms “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” and “blood-brain barrier injury” or “brain injury” from the year 2019 to 2022. We found proposed evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infects neurovascular cells and increases BBB permeability by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 that degrades type IV collagen in the basement membrane and through activating RhoA, which induces restructuring of the cytoskeleton and alters the integrity of the barrier. The breakdown of the BBB triggers a severe inflammatory response, causing the cytokine storm (release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.) characteristic of the severe phase of COVID-19, which includes the recruitment of macrophages and lymphocytes and the activation of astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that the increased permeability of the BBB would allow the passage of drugs that would not reach the brain in a normal physiological state, thus enhancing certain drugs’ beneficial or adverse effects. We hope this article will encourage research on the impact of drugs on patients with COVID-19 and recovered patients with sequelae, focusing mainly on possible dose adjustments and changes in pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Hernández-Parra
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Daniel Reyes-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Figueroa-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacogenética, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Maykel González-Torres
- Conacyt and Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luís Guillermo Ibarra”, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sheila I. Peña-Corona
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Hernán Cortés,
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Gerardo Leyva-Gómez,
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Punekar M, Kshirsagar M, Tellapragada C, Patil K. Repurposing of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and impact of repurposed drugs on the nervous system. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105608. [PMID: 35654381 PMCID: PMC9160731 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has devastated humanity and is continuing to threaten us. Due to the high transmissibility of this pathogen, researchers are still trying to cope with the treatment and prevention of this disease. Few of them were successful in finding cure for COVID-19 by including repurposed drugs in the treatment. In such pandemic situations, when it is nearly impossible to design and implement a new drug target, previously designed antiviral drugs could help against novel viruses, referred to as drug repurposing/redirecting/repositioning or re-profiling. This review describes the current landscape of the repurposing of antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and the impact of these drugs on our nervous system. In some cases, specific antiviral therapy has been notably associated with neurological toxicity, characterized by peripheral neuropathy, neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric effects within the central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Punekar
- ICMR National Institute of Virology, 20-A, P B No 11, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manas Kshirsagar
- Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Chaitanya Tellapragada
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kanchankumar Patil
- ICMR National Institute of Virology, 20-A, P B No 11, Dr Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
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DeMaagd GA, DeMaagd DR, Philip A. Delirium and Its Pharmacological Causes in Older People, Part Three. Sr Care Pharm 2021; 36:619-631. [PMID: 34861903 DOI: 10.4140/tcp.n.2021.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a syndrome that can arise from many causes or underlying conditions, and though it has been reported in younger patients, it is more prevalent in older people, though it can occur in other age groups as well. Identifying delirium is challenging in older people because of the coexistence of underlying dementia or depression, which may further complicate the presentation. Drug-induced delirium is one of the major causes of delirium, and evaluation of this potential cause or contribution is an important component of the evaluation process, since it can lead to poor patient outcomes. Part one of this three part series reviewed the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, diagnostic process, and causes of delirium in older people. Parts two and three continued to review the pharmacological classes of medications that cause or contribute to delirium in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashok Philip
- Union University College of Pharmacy, Jackson, Tennessee
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Lioznov DA, Karnaukhova EJ, Zubkova TG, Shakhlanskaya EV. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:50-55. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice.
Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups.
Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon and interferon on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group.
Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.
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Ono H. [Hypothermic Action of Oseltamivir Not Dependent on Its Anti-influenza Virus Action]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:767-781. [PMID: 31061347 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the anti-influenza virus drug oseltamivir ameliorates the fever of influenza, adverse events related to its hypothermic effect have been reported. We found that oseltamivir causes dose-dependent hypothermia in normal mice, and have been studying the pharmacological mechanisms responsible for 12 years. Oseltamivir blocks nicotinic cholinergic transmission at sympathetic ganglia and reduces sympathetic modulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a heat generator. Oseltamivir was found to target the ion channels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as demonstrated by patch clamp experiments with cells expressing the human α3β4 nicotinic receptor. Metabolized oseltamivir carboxylate, which inhibits the influenza virus neuraminidase, did not elicit hypothermia and ion channel suppression. Body temperature was decreased by intracerebroventricular administration of oseltamivir. Because this hypothermic effect was inhibited by dopamine D2 receptor blockade, it was suggested that oseltamivir centrally stimulates the D2 receptor. In Japan, the package inserts for oseltamivir and amantadine indicate very similar adverse neuropsychiatric reactions for the two drugs (abnormal behavior, consciousness disturbance, convulsion, delirium, delusion, hallucination). A literature search revealed that in some previous studies, oseltamivir and amantadine were shown to block the ion channel systems and activate the dopaminergic nervous system via several mechanisms. Therefore the similarity of the adverse reactions elicited by oseltamivir and amantadine was considered attributable to their similar pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ono
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
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