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Shu D, Wang J, Meng F, Dai S, Zhao Z. Changes in inflammatory edema and fat fraction of thigh muscles following a half-marathon in recreational marathon runners. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1508-1515. [PMID: 39245802 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
It is known that microtrauma exists in the thigh muscles after long-distance running such as the half-marathon. Moreover, training characteristics of long-distance runners may influence the specificity of the distribution of muscle fiber types in the thigh and affect muscle responses to lipid metabolism. However, the specific changes in microtrauma and intramuscular lipid in thigh muscles after a half-marathon are unknown. A cohort of 20 healthy recreational marathon runners was recruited to complete a half-marathon. MRI T2 mapping and 6-echo q-Dixon sequences were employed at baseline (P1), 2-3 h after running (P2), and 1 day after running (P3). Inflammatory markers (the T2 values) and intramuscular fat fraction (the proton density fat fraction, PDFF) were measured in thigh muscles to detect microtrauma and intramuscular lipid changes, respectively. One-way analysis of variance showed significant time effects for T2 values and PDFF. Post hoc analysis of the 14 datasets collected at three time points revealed significantly higher T2 values in all thigh muscles after running (all p < 0.05). Significant differences in T2 values persisted for all thigh muscles at P3 compared to P1 (all p < 0.05). The PDFF of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis was significantly decreased at P2 compared to P1 (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PDFF were observed for the thigh muscles at P3 compared to P1. The manifestations of inflammation edema and intramuscular lipid investigated through MRI may offer valuable insights for recreational marathon runners regarding the lower limb movement characteristics during half-marathon running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbo Shu
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China
| | - Fanjing Meng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University), Shaoxing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Imaging of Tumor and Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Shaoxing City, Shaoxing, China
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Brown F, Hill M, Renshaw D, Tallis J. Force-Time Characteristics of Repeated Bouts of Depth Jumps and the Effects of Compression Garments. J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:217-231. [PMID: 38580303 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
No studies have reported ground reaction force (GRF) profiles of the repeated depth jump (DJ) protocols commonly used to study exercise-induced muscle damage. Furthermore, while compression garments (CG) may accelerate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage, any effects on the repeated bout effect are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the GRF profiles of 2 repeated bouts of damage-inducing DJs and the effects of wearing CG for recovery. Nonresistance-trained males randomly received CG (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) for 72 hours recovery, following 20 × 20 m sprints and 10 × 10 DJs from 0.6 m. Exercise was repeated after 14 days. Using a 3-way (set × bout × group) design, changes in GRF were assessed with analysis of variance and statistical parametric mapping. Jump height, reactive strength, peak, and mean propulsive forces declined between sets (P < .001). Vertical stiffness, contact time, force at zero velocity, and propulsive duration increased (P < .05). According to statistical parametric mapping, braking (17%-25% of the movement) and propulsive forces (58%-81%) declined (P < .05). During the repeated bout, peak propulsive force and duration increased (P < .05), while mean propulsive force (P < .05) and GRF from 59% to 73% declined (P < .001). A repeated bout of DJs differed in propulsive GRF, without changes to the eccentric phase, or effects from CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Hill
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Brown F, Hill M, Renshaw D, Pedlar C, Hill J, van Someren K, Howatson G, Tallis J. The effect of medical grade compression garments on the repeated-bout effect in non-resistance-trained men. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1490-1499. [PMID: 37768013 PMCID: PMC10988506 DOI: 10.1113/ep091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of compression garments on recovery from unaccustomed damaging exercise and subsequent protective adaptations? What is the main finding and its importance? Compression did not influence recovery, but was associated with blunted protective adaptations for isokinetic performance, which were completely absent at high velocities. Based on these findings, the use of compression garments for recovery would not be recommended following unaccustomed exercise, particularly if the maintenance of high-velocity performance following exercise-induced muscle damage is desirable. ABSTRACT Whilst compression garments (CG) may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), many recovery strategies can attenuate adaptative responses. Therefore, the effects of CG on recovery from EIMD, and the rapid protective adaptations known as the repeated bout effect (RBE) were investigated. Thirty-four non-resistance-trained males (18-45 years) randomly received class II medical-grade CG or placebo for 72 h following eccentrically-focused lower-body exercise, in a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Indices of EIMD were assessed at baseline, 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise, before exercise and testing were repeated after 14 days. Results were analysed using a three-way (time × condition × bout) linear mixed-effects model. Exercise impaired isometric and isokinetic strength, with soreness and thigh circumference elevated for 72 h (P < 0.001). Compression did not enhance recovery (P > 0.05), despite small to moderate effect sizes (ES, reported alongside 90% confidence intervals) for isokinetic strength (ES from 0.2 [-0.41, 0.82] to 0.65 [0.03, 1.28]). All variables recovered faster after the repeated bout (P < 0.005). However, RBE for peak isokinetic force was impaired in CG at 60° s-1 (group × bout interaction: χ2 = 4.24, P = 0.0395; ES = -0.56 [-1.18, 0.07]) and completely absent at 120° s-1 (χ2 = 16.2, P < 0.001, ES = -0.96 [-1.61, -0.32]) and 180° s-1 (χ2 = 10.4, P = 0.001, ES = -0.72 [-1.35, -0.09]). Compression blunted RBE at higher isokinetic velocities without improving recovery in non-resistance-trained males, potentially contraindicating their use following unaccustomed exercise in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- School of Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Matt Hill
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health and Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Charles Pedlar
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied ScienceSt Mary's UniversityTwickenhamUK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jessica Hill
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied ScienceSt Mary's UniversityTwickenhamUK
| | - Ken van Someren
- Sports Lab NorthwestAtlantic Technological UniversityDonegalIreland
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life of SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Water Research GroupNorthwest UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise ScienceCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Kudo S, Miyashita T, Yamamoto A, Katayama S, Takasaki R. The effects of the functional garment on the biomechanics during the single leg drop landing. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 36:142-147. [PMID: 37949551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A functional biomechanics garment (FBG) may help to prevent injury by improved kinematics during motion such as single leg drop landing (SLDL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the FBG on the biomechanics of SLDL. METHOD Seventeen female university basketball players participated. Characteristics of the FBG were designed based on biomechanics during weight-loaded performance of human movement. The average values of lower limb kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal and frontal planes from 3 SLDL with and without FBG were measured and compared. RESULTS The maximum varus angle of the knee showed a significant difference between the use of FBG (15.3 ± 15.1°) and without the use of FBG (5.9 ± 15.4°), the flexion angular displacement of the hip (with FBG, 21.5 ± 8.1°; without FBG, 24.0 ± 6.7°) between with and without FBG. The moment of the hip with FGB (1.1 ± 0.6 Nm) was significantly smaller than without FGB (1.4 ± 0.8 Nm). DISCUSSION Regarding function of the FBG, the rigid part of the hip could counter the excessive adduction and flexion of the hip, and the elastic part of the thigh could support the varus moment when the elastic part stretched. Therefore, the subjects with FBG could control the frontal motion of the knee, which has a risk of knee injury, such as the dynamic valgus of the knee during the SLDL. CONCLUSION Use of the FBG decreases dynamic knee valgus, which reduces risk of knee injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintarou Kudo
- Inclusive Medical Sciences Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan; AR-Ex Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Miyashita
- Inclusive Medical Sciences Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayane Yamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, AR-Ex Oyamadai Orthopedics Clinic, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syo Katayama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Meidaimae Orthopedics Clinic, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raita Takasaki
- Department of Acupuncture, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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Garcia MG, Roman MG, Davila A, Martin BJ. Comparison of Physiological Effects Induced by Two Compression Stockings and Regular Socks During Prolonged Standing Work. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:562-574. [PMID: 34078143 PMCID: PMC10210207 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211022126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate and compare lower-leg muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort induced by the prolonged standing of security guards wearing regular socks and those wearing 15-20 or 20-30 mmHg compression stockings as intervention. BACKGROUND Compression stockings are sometimes used by individuals standing all day at work. However, quantitative evidence showing their potential benefits for lower-leg health issues in healthy individuals during real working conditions is lacking. METHOD Forty male security employees participated in the study. All were randomly assigned to the control or one of the two intervention groups (I15-20 or I20-30). Lower-leg muscle twitch force, volume, and discomfort ratings were measured before and after their regular 12-hr standing work shift. RESULTS Significant evidence of lower-leg long-lasting muscle fatigue, edema, and discomfort was observed after standing work for guards wearing regular socks. However, no significant changes were found for guards wearing either compression stockings. CONCLUSION In healthy individuals, compression stockings seem to attenuate efficiently the tested outcomes in the lower leg resulting from prolonged standing. APPLICATION Occupational activities requiring prolonged standing may benefit from 15-20 or 20-30 mmHg compression stockings. As similar benefits were observed for both levels of compression, the lower level may be sufficient.
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Measuring Muscle Activity in Sprinters Using T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:774-779. [PMID: 35235903 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the level of muscle activity during sprint running using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Fourteen male sprinters (age 21.2 [4.0] y; height 171.8 [4.2] cm, weight 65.5 [5.3] kg, 100-m personal record 11.01 [0.41] s; mean [SD]) performed 3 sets of three 60-m round-trip sprints. Before and after the round-trip sprints, 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed to obtain the T2 values of the 14 athletes' lower-extremity muscles. RESULTS After the 60-m round-trip sprints, the T2 value of the gluteus maximus, long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis increased significantly. The rate of change in the T2 values before and after the 60-m round-trip sprints was notably higher in the semitendinosus and gluteus maximus than in the other muscles. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the specific physiological metabolism of the lower-extremity muscles during fast sprinting. There are particularly high levels of muscle activity in the gluteus maximus and semitendinosus during sprint performance.
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Putting the Squeeze on Compression Garments: Current Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1141-1160. [PMID: 34870801 PMCID: PMC9023423 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Compression garments are regularly worn during exercise to improve physical performance, mitigate fatigue responses, and enhance recovery. However, evidence for their efficacy is varied and the methodological approaches and outcome measures used within the scientific literature are diverse. Objectives The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of compression garments on commonly assessed outcome measures in response to exercise, including: performance, biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, muscle damage, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and CINAHL Complete) was performed from the earliest record to 27 December, 2020. Results In total, 183 studies were identified for qualitative analysis with the following breakdown: performance and muscle function outcomes: 115 studies (63%), biomechanical and neuromuscular: 59 (32%), blood and saliva markers: 85 (46%), cardiovascular: 76 (42%), cardiorespiratory: 39 (21%), thermoregulatory: 19 (10%) and perceptual: 98 (54%). Approximately 85% (n = 156) of studies were published between 2010 and 2020. Conclusions Evidence is equivocal as to whether garments improve physical performance, with little evidence supporting improvements in kinetic or kinematic outcomes. Compression likely reduces muscle oscillatory properties and has a positive effect on sensorimotor systems. Findings suggest potential increases in arterial blood flow; however, it is unlikely that compression garments meaningfully change metabolic responses, blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiorespiratory measures. Compression garments increase localised skin temperature and may reduce perceptions of muscle soreness and pain following exercise; however, rating of perceived exertion during exercise is likely unchanged. It is unlikely that compression garments negatively influence exercise-related outcomes. Future research should assess wearer belief in compression garments, report pressure ranges at multiple sites as well as garment material, and finally examine individual responses and varying compression coverage areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01604-9.
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Hatfield DL, Stranieri AM, Vincent LM, Earp JE. Effect of a Neoprene Knee Sleeve on Performance and Muscle Activity in Men and Women During High-Intensity, High-Volume Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:3300-3307. [PMID: 34593725 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hatfield, DL, Stranieri, AM, Vincent, LM, and Earp, JE. Effect of a neoprene knee sleeve on performance and muscle activity in men and women during high-intensity, high-volume resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3300-3307, 2021-The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a commercially available neoprene knee sleeve (KS) on exercise performance and muscle activity during an exhaustive leg press exercise. Twenty resistance-trained individuals, 11 men {21.0 ± 2.2 years; 77.7 ± 8.7 kg; 1 repetition maximum (1RM/body mass [BM]): 0.30 ± 0.04} and 9 women (22.0 ± 3.5 years; 66.1 ± 9.1 kg; 1RM/BM: 0.30 ± 0.04), all subjects (21.5 ± 2.8 years; 72.5 ± 10.5 kg; 1RM/BM: 0.30 ± 0.04), participated in 3 testing sessions. The second and third sessions were performed using a counterbalanced and randomized design in which subjects exercised with (WS) or without (NS) KSs and performed 6 sets of leg press exercise at 80% of 1RM until failure with a 3-minute rest between sets. Number of repetitions, blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and peak and average power were recorded after each set. Surface electromyography (EMG) of the right and left vastus lateralis muscles was also recorded to compare muscle activity between conditions. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05, and values are presented as mean ± SD. No significant differences were observed in the total number of repetitions for all sets (p = 0.3; WS 75.3 ± 33.7, NS 79.8 ± 34.3) and the number of repetitions per set between conditions (p ≤ 0.05) or between men and women. Similarly, no significance differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for BL, HR, RPE, or EMG per set between conditions or between men and women. These results suggest that wearing compressive neoprene KSs has no effect on improving performance and associated variables during high-load, high-volume lower-body resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disa L Hatfield
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
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Miyashita T, Katayama S, Yamamoto A, Sakamoto K, Kitano M, Takasaki R, Kudo S. The Effect of Functional Biomechanics Garment for Walking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312415. [PMID: 34886141 PMCID: PMC8656879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a functional biomechanics garment (FBG) with a lower extremity assist function. 32 healthy male participants were included in this study. Participants were divided into an FBG with taping function group (FBG group) and a compression garment group (CG group). Cadence (steps/min), step length (m), and usual walking speed (m/s) were measured as spatio-temporal data. Kinetics, kinematics data, and dynamic joint stiffness (DJS) of the lower extremity were calculated using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. The FBG group showed significantly faster walking speed (FBG, 1.54 ± 0.12 m/s; CG, 1.42 ± 0.15 m/s, p < 0.05) and reduced hip DJS in terminal stance (FBG, 0.033 ± 0.014 Nm/kg/degree; CG: 0.049 ± 0.016 Nm/kg/degree, p < 0.05) compared to the CG group. The FBG decreased hip DJS in the terminal stance and affected walking speed. The passive elastic moment generated by the high elasticity part of the hip joint front in the FBG supported the internal hip flexion moment. Therefore, our FBG has a biomechanical effect. The FBG may be useful as a tool to promote health activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Miyashita
- Inclusive Medical Science Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Sho Katayama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Meidaimae Orthopedic Clinic, 1–38–25, Matsubara Setagaya Ward, Tokyo 156-0043, Japan;
| | - Ayane Yamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, AR-Ex Oyamadai Orthopedic Clinic, Tokyo Arthroscopy Center, 4–13–1, Todoroki Setagaya Ward, Tokyo 158-0082, Japan;
| | - Kodai Sakamoto
- Inclusive Medical Science Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Masashi Kitano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan;
| | - Raita Takasaki
- Department of Acupuncture, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan;
| | - Shintarou Kudo
- Inclusive Medical Science Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan; (T.M.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Nankokita 1–26–16, Suminoe Ward, Osaka 559-8611, Japan;
- AR-Ex Medical Research Center, 4–13–1, Todoroki Setagaya Ward, Tokyo 158-0082, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6616-6911; Fax: +81-6-6616-6912
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Snowdon N, Sier D, Potia T, Wheat J, McLean S. Compression garments and fabric orthoses for rehabilitation and function: a systematic mapping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.25.12.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Snowdon
- Senior lecturer in physiotherapy, Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel Sier
- Physiotherapy clinical specialist, Neuro Rehabilitation Outreach Team, Rotherham, Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Tanzila Potia
- Staff physical therapist, Atlantis Physical Therapy, Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jon Wheat
- Professor of Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, Academy of Sport and Physical Activity Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sionnadh McLean
- Senior lecturer in physiotherapy, Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Effect of Compression Garments on the Development of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Multimodal Approach Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48:887-894. [PMID: 29895236 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.8038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is one of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance in sports. However, little consensus exists regarding which treatments may be most effective, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of compression garments on the development of DOMS, focusing on changes in muscle perfusion and muscle stiffness. METHODS In this controlled laboratory study with repeated measures, muscle perfusion and stiffness, calf circumference, muscle soreness, passive ankle dorsiflexion, and creatine kinase levels were assessed in participants before (baseline) a DOMS-inducing eccentric calf exercise intervention and 60 hours later (follow-up). After DOMS induction, a sports compression garment (18-21 mmHg) was worn on 1 randomly selected calf until follow-up, while the contralateral calf served as an internal control. Muscle perfusion was assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (peak enhancement and wash-in area under the curve), while muscle stiffness was assessed using acoustic radiation force impulse (shear-wave velocities). A magnetic resonance imaging scan of both lower legs was also performed during the follow-up testing session to characterize the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. Comparisons were made between limbs and over time. RESULTS Shear-wave velocity values of the medial gastrocnemius showed a significant interaction between time and treatment (P = .006), with the noncompressed muscle demonstrating lower muscle stiffness values at follow-up compared to baseline or to the compressed muscle. No significant differences in soleus muscle stiffness were noted between limbs or over time, as was the case for muscle perfusion metrics (peak enhancement and wash-in area under the curve) for the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Further, compression had no significant effect on passive ankle dorsiflexion, muscle soreness, calf circumference, or injury severity, per magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION Continuous wearing of compression garments during the inflammation phase of DOMS may play an important role in regulating muscle stiffness; however, compression garments have no significant effects on intramuscular perfusion or other common clinical assessments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(11):887-894. Epub12 Jun 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8038.
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Lee DC, Lee SW, Khaw K, Ali A, Sheridan SE, Wong SH. Haemodynamic responses of wearing low-pressure sports compression tights during an orthostatic challenge in healthy individuals. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1062-1067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Engel FA, Holmberg HC, Sperlich B. Is There Evidence that Runners can Benefit from Wearing Compression Clothing? Sports Med 2018; 46:1939-1952. [PMID: 27106555 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runners at various levels of performance and specializing in different events (from 800 m to marathons) wear compression socks, sleeves, shorts, and/or tights in attempt to improve their performance and facilitate recovery. Recently, a number of publications reporting contradictory results with regard to the influence of compression garments in this context have appeared. OBJECTIVES To assess original research on the effects of compression clothing (socks, calf sleeves, shorts, and tights) on running performance and recovery. METHOD A computerized research of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science was performed in September of 2015, and the relevant articles published in peer-reviewed journals were thus identified rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Studies examining effects on physiological, psychological, and/or biomechanical parameters during or after running were included, and means and measures of variability for the outcome employed to calculate Hedges'g effect size and associated 95 % confidence intervals for comparison of experimental (compression) and control (non-compression) trials. RESULTS Compression garments exerted no statistically significant mean effects on running performance (times for a (half) marathon, 15-km trail running, 5- and 10-km runs, and 400-m sprint), maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentrations, blood gas kinetics, cardiac parameters (including heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume), body and perceived temperature, or the performance of strength-related tasks after running. Small positive effect sizes were calculated for the time to exhaustion (in incremental or step tests), running economy (including biomechanical variables), clearance of blood lactate, perceived exertion, maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak leg muscle power immediately after running, and markers of muscle damage and inflammation. The body core temperature was moderately affected by compression, while the effect size values for post-exercise leg soreness and the delay in onset of muscle fatigue indicated large positive effects. CONCLUSION Our present findings suggest that by wearing compression clothing, runners may improve variables related to endurance performance (i.e., time to exhaustion) slightly, due to improvements in running economy, biomechanical variables, perception, and muscle temperature. They should also benefit from reduced muscle pain, damage, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Azad Engel
- Research Centre for School Sports and the Physical Education of Children and Young Adults, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Training Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Mizuno S, Arai M, Todoko F, Yamada E, Goto K. Wearing Compression Tights on the Thigh during Prolonged Running Attenuated Exercise-Induced Increase in Muscle Damage Marker in Blood. Front Physiol 2017; 8:834. [PMID: 29123488 PMCID: PMC5662647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effects of wearing a lower-body compression garment with different body coverage areas during prolonged running on exercise performance and muscle damage. Methods: Thirty male subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) wearing a compression tights with 15 mmHg to thigh [n = 10, CT group], (2) wearing a compression socks with 15 mmHg to calf [n = 10, CS group], and (3) wearing a lower-body garment with < 5 mmHg to thigh and calf [n = 10, CON group]. The exercise consisted of 120 min of uphill running at 55% of [Formula: see text]O2max. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and running economy (evaluated by VO2) were monitored during exercise every 10 min. Changes in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extension and plantar flexion, height of counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), and scores of subjective feelings of muscle soreness and fatigue were evaluated before exercise, and 60 and 180 min after exercise. Blood samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lactate, serum free fatty acid, myoglobin (Mb), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and plasma interleukin-6 concentrations before exercise (after 20 min of rest), at 60 min of exercise, immediately after exercise, and 60 and 180 min after exercise. Results: Changes in HR, RPE, and running economy during exercise did not differ significantly among the three groups. MVC of knee extension and plantar flexion, and DJ decreased significantly following exercise, with no difference among groups. The serum Mb concentration increased significantly with exercise in all groups, whereas the area under the curve for Mb concentration during 180 min post-exercise was significantly lower in the CT group (13,833 ± 1,397 pg/mL 180 min) than in the CON group (24,343 ± 3,370 pg/mL 180 min, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Wearing compression garment on the thigh significantly attenuated the increase in serum Mb concentration after exercise, suggesting that exercise-induced muscle damage was attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Mizuno S, Arai M, Todoko F, Yamada E, Goto K. Wearing lower-body compression garment with medium pressure impaired exercise-induced performance decrement during prolonged running. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178620. [PMID: 28562650 PMCID: PMC5451085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of wearing a lower body compression garment (CG) exerting different pressure levels during prolonged running on exercise-induced muscle damage and the inflammatory response. Methods Eight male participants completed three exercise trials in a random order. The exercise consisted of 120 min of uphill running at 60% of VO2max. The exercise trials included 1) wearing a lower-body CG with 30 mmHg pressure [HIGH]; 2) wearing a lower-body CG with 15 mmHg pressure [MED]; and 3) wearing a lower-body garment with < 5 mmHg pressure [CON]. Heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion for respiration and legs were monitored continuously during exercise. Time-course change in jump height was evaluated before and immediately after exercise. Blood samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lactate, serum creatine kinase, myoglobin, free fatty acids, glycerol, cortisol, and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations before exercise, 60 min of the 120 min exercise period, immediately after exercise, and 60 min after exercise. Results Jump height was significantly higher immediately after the exercise in the MED trial compared with that in the HIGH trial (P = 0.04). Mean HR during the 120 min exercise was significantly lower in the MED trial (162 ± 4 bpm) than that in the CON trial (170 ± 4 bpm, P = 0.01). Plasma IL-6 concentrations increased significantly with exercise in all trials, but the area under the curve during exercise was significantly lower in the MED trial (397 ± 58 pg/ml·120 min) compared with that in the CON trial (670 ± 86 pg/ml·120 min, P = 0.04). Conclusion Wearing a lower body CG exerting medium pressure (approximately 15 mmHg) significantly attenuated decrease in jump performance than that with wearing a lower body CG exerting high pressure (approximately 30 mmHg). Furthermore, exercise-induced increases in HR and the inflammatory response were significantly smaller with CG exerted 15mmHg than that with garment exerted < 5 mmHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiro Mizuno
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kazushige Goto
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Brown F, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Hill J. Compression Garments and Recovery from Exercise: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2017; 47:2245-2267. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Reed KE, White AL, Logothetis S, McManus CJ, Sandercock GRH. The effects of lower-body compression garments on walking performance and perceived exertion in adults with CVD risk factors. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 20:386-390. [PMID: 27693443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compression garments are used by athletes in attempts to enhance performance and recovery, although evidence to support their use is equivocal. Reducing the exertion experienced during exercise may encourage sedentary individuals to increase physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of compression garments on walking performance (self-paced and enforced pace) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) in adults who presented with two or more CVD risk factors. Participants (n=15, 10 female, 58.9±11.5 years, BMI 27.5±4.5kgm2) were recruited. DESIGN A repeated measures design. METHODS Participants were randomised to Modified Bruce Protocol (enforced pace), or the 6min walk test (self-paced), and completed the test wearing compression garments or normal exercise clothes (Control). Outcome measures included stage completed, gross efficiency (%) and RPE in Modified Bruce Protocol, and distance walked (m) and RPE in 6 min walk test. RESULTS In the Modified Bruce Protcol participants had a higher RPE (15.5±2.5 vs 14.3±2.2) and a lower efficiency (19.1±5.9 vs 21.1±6.7) in the compression garment condition compared with control, p<0.05. In the 6 min walk test participants walked 9% less in the compression garment condition (p<0.05) but did not have a lower RPE. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous studies reporting enhanced or no effects of compression garments on performance or RPE, this study shows adverse effects of such clothing in untrained individuals with CVD risk factors. The mechanisms underlying this negative effect require further exploration. Use of garments designed for the athletic individuals may not be suitable for the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Reed
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda L White
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Spiros Logothetis
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J McManus
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R H Sandercock
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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18
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Kraemer WJ, Hooper DR, Kupchak BR, Saenz C, Brown LE, Vingren JL, Luk HY, DuPont WH, Szivak TK, Flanagan SD, Caldwell LK, Eklund D, Lee EC, Häkkinen K, Volek JS, Fleck SJ, Maresh CM. The effects of a roundtrip trans-American jet travel on physiological stress, neuromuscular performance, and recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:438-48. [PMID: 27283914 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to examine the effects of a round trip trans-American jet travel on performance, hormonal alterations, and recovery. Ten matched pairs of recreationally trained men were randomized to either a compression group (COMP) (n = 10; age: 23.1 ± 2.4 yr; height: 174.8 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 84.9 ± 10.16 kg; body fat: 15.3 ± 6.0%) or control group (CONT) (n = 9; age: 23.2 ± 2.3 yr; height: 177.5 ± 6.3 cm; weight: 84.3 ± 8.99 kg; body fat: 15.1 ± 6.4%). Subjects flew directly from Hartford, CT to Los Angeles, CA 1 day before a simulated sport competition (SSC) designed to create muscle damage and returned the next morning on an overnight flight back home. Both groups demonstrated jet lag symptoms and associated decreases in sleep quality at all time points. Melatonin significantly (P < 0.05) increased over the first 2 days and then remained constant until after the SSC. Epinephrine, testosterone, and cortisol values significantly increased above resting values before and after the SSC with norepinephrine increases only after the SSC. Physical performances significantly decreased from control values on each day for the CONT group with COMP group exhibiting no significant declines. Muscle damage markers were significantly elevated following the SSC with the COMP group having significantly lower values while maintaining neuromuscular performance measures that were not different from baseline testing. Trans-American jet travel has a significant impact on parameters related to jet lag, sleep quality, hormonal responses, muscle tissue damage markers, and physical performance with an attenuation observed with extended wear compression garments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David R Hooper
- Department of Health Sciences, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia; and
| | - Brian R Kupchak
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Catherine Saenz
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lee E Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Hui Ying Luk
- Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - William H DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tunde K Szivak
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shawn D Flanagan
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lydia K Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniela Eklund
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven J Fleck
- Andrews Research and Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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19
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Effect of lower body compression garments on hemodynamics in response to running session. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:353040. [PMID: 25202721 PMCID: PMC4151576 DOI: 10.1155/2014/353040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Compression garments are often worn during exercise and allegedly have ergogenic and/or physiological effects. In this study, we compared hemodynamics and running performance while wearing compression and loose-fit breeches. We hypothesized that in neutral-warm environment compression breeches impair performance by diminishing body cooling via evaporative sweat loss and redistributing blood from active musculature to skin leading to a larger rise in body temperature and prolonging recovery of hemodynamics after exercise. Methods. Changes in hemodynamics (leg blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure during orthoclinostatic test), calf muscle tissue oxygenation, and skin and core temperatures were measured in response to 30 min running (simulation of aerobic training session) followed by maximal 400 m sprint (evaluation of running performance) in recreationally active females (25.1 ± 4.2 yrs; 63.0 ± 8.6 kg) wearing compression or loose-fit breeches in randomized fashion. Results. Wearing compression breeches resulted in larger skin temperature rise under the garment during exercise and recovery (by about 1°C, P < 0.05; statistical power > 85%), while core temperature dynamics and other measured parameters including circulation, running performance, and sensations were similar compared to wearing loose-fit breeches (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Compared with loose-fit breeches, compression breeches have neither positive nor negative physiological and performance effects for females running in thermoneutral environment.
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