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Vallée N, Dugrenot E, Desruelle AV, Richard S, Coupé S, Ramdani C, Guieu R, Risso JJ, Gaillard S, Guerrero F. Highlighting of the interactions of MYD88 and NFKB1 SNPs in rats resistant to decompression sickness: toward an autoimmune response. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1253856. [PMID: 37664439 PMCID: PMC10470123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1253856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders includes an inappropriate inflammatory response which degenerates slowly, even after the disappearance of the bubbles. There is high inter-individual variability in terms of the occurrence of DCS that could have been mastered by the selection and then the breeding of DCS-resistant rats. We hypothesized the selection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to autoimmunity operated upon a generation of a DCS-resistant strain of rats. We used the candidate gene approach and targeted SNPs linked to the signaling cascade that directly regulates inflammation of innate immunity transiting by the Toll-like receptors. Twenty candidate SNPs were investigated in 36 standard rats and 33 DCS-resistant rats. For the first time, we identify a diplotype (i.e., with matched haplotypes)-when coinherited-that strengthens protection against DCS, which is not strictly homozygous and suggests that a certain tolerance may be considered. We deduced an ideal haplotype of six variants from it (MyD88_50-T, _49-A, _97-C coupled to NFKB_85-T, _69-T, _45-T) linked to the resistant phenotype. Four among the six identified variants are located in pre- and/or post-transcriptional areas regulating MyD88 or NFKB1 expression. Because of missense mutations, the other two variants induce a structural change in the NFKB1 protein complex including one damage alteration according to the Missense3D algorithm. In addition to the MyD88/NFKB1 haplotype providing rats with a strong resistance to DCS, this also highlights the importance that the immune response, here linked to the genetic heritage, can have in the development of DCS and offer a new perspective for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vallée
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
| | | | - Anne-Virginie Desruelle
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
| | | | | | - Céline Ramdani
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Université d’Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
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Desruelle AV, de Maistre S, Gaillard S, Richard S, Tardivel C, Martin JC, Blatteau JE, Boussuges A, Rives S, Risso JJ, Vallee N. Cecal Metabolomic Fingerprint of Unscathed Rats: Does It Reflect the Good Response to a Provocative Decompression? Front Physiol 2022; 13:882944. [PMID: 35655958 PMCID: PMC9152359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
On one side, decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders lead to a reshuffle of the cecal metabolome of rats. On the other side, there is also a specific and different metabolomic signature in the cecum of a strain of DCS-resistant rats, that are not exposed to hyperbaric protocol. We decide to study a conventional strain of rats that resist to an accident-provoking hyperbaric exposure, and we hypothesize that the metabolomic signature put forward may correspond to a physiological response adapted to the stress induced by diving. The aim is to verify and characterize whether the cecal compounds of rats resistant to the provocative dive have a cecal metabolomic signature different from those who do not dive. 35 asymptomatic diver rats are selected to be compared to 21 rats non-exposed to the hyperbaric protocol. Because our aim is essentially to study the differences in the cecal metabolome associated with the hyperbaric exposure, about half of the rats are fed soy and the other half of maize in order to better rule out the effect of the diet itself. Lower levels of IL-1β and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity are registered in blood of diving rats. No blood cell mobilization is noted. Conventional and ChemRICH approaches help the metabolomic interpretation of the 185 chemical compounds analyzed in the cecal content. Statistical analysis show a panel of 102 compounds diet related. 19 are in common with the hyperbaric protocol effect. Expression of 25 compounds has changed in the cecal metabolome of rats resistant to the provocative dive suggesting an alteration of biliary acids metabolism, most likely through actions on gut microbiota. There seem to be also weak changes in allocations dedicated to various energy pathways, including hormonal reshuffle. Some of the metabolites may also have a role in regulating inflammation, while some may be consumed for the benefit of oxidative stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Virginie Desruelle
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien de Maistre
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Tardivel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, BIOMET, Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, BIOMET, Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Alain Boussuges
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Rives
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Vallee
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Vallee,
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Gaustad SE, Kondratiev TV, Eftedal I, Tveita T. Effects of Cold Decompression on Hemodynamic Function and Decompression Sickness Risk in a Dry Diving Rat Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:763975. [PMID: 34803743 PMCID: PMC8595113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.763975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diving in cold water is thought to increase the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), especially if the diver is cold during decompression. In this study, we investigated hemodynamic function and DCS risk in an animal model, where cold decompression was followed by rewarming at the surface. Methods: Nine female Sprague Dawley rats had pressure-volume catheters inserted into their left heart ventricle and femoral artery before they were exposed to dry air dives in which their core temperature was normothermic during the bottom phase, cold (35°C) during decompression, and normothermic after the dive. Data from an earlier study were used as controls. The rats were compressed in air to 600kPa, maintained at pressure for 45min, and decompressed at 50kPa/min. Hemodynamic data were recorded before, during, and 60min after decompression. Venous gas bubbles were recorded in the right heart ventricle and pulmonary artery for 60min after the dive. Results and Conclusion: During decompression, cardiac output (CO), and stroke volume (SV) decreased equally in cold rats and controls. CO and SV were temporarily re-established at the surface, before falling again in the cold rats. There was no difference in post-dive venous bubble grades. However, as the post-dive fall in CO and SV could be a sign of gas emboli obstructing the pulmonary circulation, we cannot conclude whether the DCS risk was increased. More sensitive bubble detection methods are needed to elucidate this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein E. Gaustad
- Møreforsking AS, Volda, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Timofei V. Kondratiev
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingrid Eftedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Torkjel Tveita
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Surgical Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Evidence of a hormonal reshuffle in the cecal metabolome fingerprint of a strain of rats resistant to decompression sickness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8317. [PMID: 33859311 PMCID: PMC8050073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
On one side, decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders lead to a reshuffle of the fecal metabolome from rat caecum. On the other side, there is high inter-individual variability in terms of occurrence of DCS. One could wonder whether the fecal metabolome could be linked to the DCS-susceptibility. We decided to study male and female rats selected for their resistance to decompression sickness, and we hypothesize a strong impregnation concerning the fecal metabolome. The aim is to verify whether the rats resistant to the accident have a fecal metabolomic signature different from the stem generations sensitive to DCS. 39 DCS-resistant animals (21 females and 18 males), aged 14 weeks, were compared to 18 age-matched standard Wistar rats (10 females and 8 males), i.e., the same as those we used for the founding stock. Conventional and ChemRICH approaches helped the metabolomic interpretation of the 226 chemical compounds analyzed in the cecal content. Statistical analysis shows a panel of 81 compounds whose expression had changed following the selection of rats based on their resistance to DCS. 63 compounds are sex related. 39 are in common. This study shows the spectral fingerprint of the fecal metabolome from the caecum of a strain of rats resistant to decompression sickness. This study also confirms a difference linked to sex in the metabolome of non-selected rats, which disappear with selective breeding. Results suggest hormonal and energetic reshuffle, including steroids sugars or antibiotic compounds, whether in the host or in the microbial community.
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Berenji Ardestani S, Matchkov VV, Hansen K, Jespersen NR, Pedersen M, Eftedal I. Extensive Simulated Diving Aggravates Endothelial Dysfunction in Male Pro-atherosclerotic ApoE Knockout Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 11:611208. [PMID: 33424633 PMCID: PMC7786538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The average age of the diving population is rising, and the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in divers are accordingly increasing. It is an open question whether this risk is altered by diving per se. In this study, we examined the effect of 7-weeks simulated diving on endothelial function and mitochondrial respiration in atherosclerosis-prone rats. Methods Twenty-four male ApoE knockout (KO) rats (9-weeks-old) were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks before 12 rats were exposed to simulated heliox dry-diving in a pressure chamber (600 kPa for 60 min, decompression of 50 kPa/min). The rats were dived twice-weekly for 7 weeks, resulting in a total of 14 dives. The remaining 12 non-diving rats served as controls. Endothelial function of the pulmonary and mesenteric arteries was examined in vitro using an isometric myograph. Mitochondrial respiration in cardiac muscle tissues was measured using high-resolution respirometry. Results and Conclusion Both ApoE KO diving and non-diving rats showed changes in endothelial function at the end of the intervention, but the extent of these changes was larger in the diving group. Altered nitric oxide signaling was primarily involved in these changes. Mitochondrial respiration was unaltered. In this pro-atherosclerotic rat model of cardiovascular changes, extensive diving appeared to aggravate endothelial dysfunction rather than promote adaptation to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Berenji Ardestani
- MEMBRANES, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- MEMBRANES, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section for Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Eftedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Lautridou J, Dugrenot E, Amérand A, Guernec A, Pichavant-Rafini K, Goanvec C, Inizan M, Albacete G, Belhomme M, Galinat H, Lafère P, Balestra C, Moisan C, Buzzacott P, Guerrero F. Physiological characteristics associated with increased resistance to decompression sickness in male and female rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:612-625. [PMID: 32702269 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00324.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompression sickness (DCS) is a complex and poorly understood systemic disease with wide interindividual resistance variability. We selectively bred rats with a threefold greater resistance to DCS than standard ones. To investigate possible physiological mechanisms underlying the resistance to DCS, including sex-related differences in these mechanisms, 15 males and 15 females resistant to DCS were compared with aged-matched standard Wistar males (n = 15) and females (n = 15). None of these individuals had been previously exposed to hyperbaric treatment. Comparison of the allelic frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed a difference of one SNP located on the X chromosome. Compared with nonresistant rats, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the plasmatic activity of coagulation factor X were significantly higher in DCS-resistant individuals regardless of their sex. The maximal relaxation elicited by sodium nitroprusside was lower in DCS-resistant individuals regardless of their sex. Males but not females resistant to DCS exhibited higher neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and higher prothrombin time but lower mitochondrial basal O2 consumption and citrate synthase activity. Principal components analysis showed that two principal components discriminate the DCS-resistant males but not females from the nonresistant ones. These components were loaded with activated partial thromboplastin time, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, prothrombin time, factor X, and fibrinogen for PC1 and red blood cells count and neutrophils count for PC2. In conclusion, the mechanisms that drive the resistance to DCS appear different between males and females; lower coagulation tendency and enhanced inflammatory response to decompression stress might be key for resistance in males. The involvement of these physiological adaptations in resistance to DCS must now be confirmed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By selective breeding of individuals resistant to decompression sickness (DCS) we previously obtained a rat model of inherited resistance to this pathology. Comparison of these individuals with nonresistant animals revealed differences in leukocyte counts, coagulation, and mitochondrial and vascular functions, but not resistance to oxidative stress. This study also reveals sex-related differences in the physiological changes associated with DCS resistance. A principal components analysis of our data allowed us to discriminate DCS-resistant males from standard ones, but not females. These differences represent possible mechanisms driving resistance to DCS. Although still far from the diver, this opens a pathway to future adaptation of personalized decompression procedures for "DCS-prone" individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Dugrenot
- University of Brest, ORPHY, IBSAM, Brest, France.,TEK Diving, Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Manon Inizan
- University of Brest, ORPHY, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Hubert Galinat
- Hematology Laboratory, CHRU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Lafère
- University of Brest, ORPHY, IBSAM, Brest, France.,DAN Europe Research Division, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental & Occupational Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Brussels, Belgium.,DAN Europe Research Division, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Buzzacott
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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7
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Blasselle A, Theron M, Gardette B, Dugrenot E. A new form of admissible pressure for Haldanian decompression models. Comput Biol Med 2019; 115:103518. [PMID: 31699677 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we propose and study a new form of admissible pressure in the Haldanian framework. We then use it to study the surjectivity of the Gradient Factors on the space of the reachable decompression profiles, and investigate a particular case. This case leads to the proposition of a decompression strategy, whose crucial parameter is the ascent rate. An appropriate ascent rate is suggested as recommended by COMEX, through a physiologically relevantmethod. This new strategy enables the unification of the COMEX approach (not based on a tissuesaturation theory), with the Haldanian method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Theron
- ORPHY laboratory, University of Western Brittany, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Dugrenot
- Tek Diving SAS, Brest, France; ORPHY laboratory, University of Western Brittany, IBSAM, Brest, France
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8
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Balestra C, Germonpré P, Rocco M, Biancofiore G, Kot J. Diving physiopathology: the end of certainties? Food for thought. Minerva Anestesiol 2019; 85:1129-1137. [PMID: 31238641 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of decompression physiopathology has slowly improved during this last decade and some uncertainties have disappeared. A better understanding of anatomy and functional aspects of patent foramen ovale (PFO) have slowly resulted in a more liberal approach toward the medical fitness to dive for those bearing a PFO. Circulating vascular gas emboli (VGE) are considered the key actors in development of decompression sickness and can be considered as markers of decompression stress indicating induction of pathophysiological processes not necessarily leading to occurrence of disease symptoms. During the last decade, it has appeared possible to influence post-dive VGE by a so-called "preconditioning" as a pre-dive denitrogenation, exercise or some pharmacological agents. In the text we have deeply examined all the scientific evidence about this complicated but challenging theme. Finally, the role of the "normobaric oxygen paradox" has been clarified and it is not surprising that it could be involved in neuroprotection and cardioprotection. However, the best level of inspired oxygen and the exact time frame to achieve optimal effect is still not known. The aim of this paper was to reflect upon the most actual uncertainties and distil out of them a coherent, balanced advice towards the researchers involved in gas-bubbles-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Balestra
- Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational (Integrative) Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Auderghem, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Research, Divers Alert Network Europe, Gharghur, Malta
| | - Peter Germonpré
- Laboratory of Environmental and Occupational (Integrative) Physiology, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant, Auderghem, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Research, Divers Alert Network Europe, Gharghur, Malta.,Center for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Military Hospital of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monica Rocco
- Unit of Intensive Care, Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | | | - Jacek Kot
- National Center of Hyperbaric Medicine in Gdynia, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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9
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Wingelaar TT, Brinkman P, van Ooij PJAM, Hoencamp R, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Hollmann MW, van Hulst RA. Markers of Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Using Exhaled Breath Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:475. [PMID: 31068838 PMCID: PMC6491850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has beneficial effects, some patients experience fatigue and pulmonary complaints after several sessions. The current limits of hyperbaric oxygen exposure to prevent pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT) are based on pulmonary function tests (PFT), but the limitations of PFT are recognized worldwide. However, no newer modalities to detect POT have been established. Exhaled breath analysis in divers have shown volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of inflammation and methyl alkanes. This study hypothesized that similar VOCs might be detected after HBOT. Methods Ten healthy volunteers of the Royal Netherlands Navy underwent six HBOT sessions (95 min at 253 kPa, including three 5-min “air breaks”), i.e., on five consecutive days followed by another session after 2 days of rest. At 30 min before the dive, and at 30 min, 2 and 4 h post-dive, exhaled breath was collected and followed by PFT. Exhaled breath samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After univariate tests and correlation of retention times, ion fragments could be identified using a reference database. Using these fragments VOCs could be reconstructed, which were clustered using principal component analysis. These clusters were tested longitudinally with ANOVA. Results After GC-MS analysis, eleven relevant VOCs were identified which could be clustered into two principal components (PC). PC1 consisted of VOCs associated with inflammation and showed no significant change over time. The intensities of PC2, consisting of methyl alkanes, showed a significant decrease (p = 0.001) after the first HBOT session to 50.8%, remained decreased during the subsequent days (mean 82%), and decreased even further after 2 days of rest to 58% (compared to baseline). PFT remained virtually unchanged. Discussion Although similar VOCs were found when compared to diving, the decrease of methyl alkanes (PC2) is in contrast to the increase seen in divers. It is unknown why emission of methyl alkanes (which could originate from the phosphatidylcholine membrane in the alveoli) are reduced after HBOT. This suggests that HBOT might not be as damaging to the pulmonary tract as previously assumed. Future research on POT should focus on the identified VOCs (inflammation and methyl alkanes).
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Wingelaar
- Diving Medical Centre, Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, Netherlands.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P J A M van Ooij
- Diving Medical Centre, Royal Netherlands Navy, Den Helder, Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Hoencamp
- Department of Surgery, Alrijne Hospital Leiderdorp, Leiderdorp, Netherlands.,Defense Healthcare Organisation, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - M W Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R A van Hulst
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Balestra C, Kot J, Efrati S, Guerrero F, Blatteau JE, Besnard S. Editorial: Extreme Environments in Movement Science and Sport Psychology. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2391. [PMID: 30564171 PMCID: PMC6288169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational and Ageing "Integrative Physiology" Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium.,Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,DAN Europe Research Division, DAN Europe Research (Roseto-Brussels), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacek Kot
- National Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Shai Efrati
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - François Guerrero
- EA4324 ORPHY, Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matiére, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées - Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée (Military Teaching Hospital - Hyperbaric Medicine and Diving Expertise Department), Toulon, France
| | - Stéphane Besnard
- UNICAEN, INSERM U1075, COMETE, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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