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Araújo M, Neves I, Fernandes AL, Neves S, Seabra B, Camilo Z, Azevedo I, Amado J, Guimarães M. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test to evaluate fibrotic interstitial lung disease. Respir Med 2024; 234:107833. [PMID: 39426438 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are a heterogeneous group of conditions. Progression criteria include clinical, imaging, and/or lung functional decline. Currently, the 6-min walk test (6MWT) is considered the gold standard for assessing exercise-induced desaturation. The 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STST) has the advantage of being easy to perform, making it feasible for use during clinical consultations. The aim of this study was to compare the 1STST with the 6MWT in patients with fibrotic ILD to detect exercise-induced desaturation. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional involved patients with fibrotic ILDs from two centers. The 6MWT and 1STST were performed with a 30-min rest period between the tests. The modified Borg scale was used to assess dyspnea and lower limb fatigue and continuous SpO2 and heart rate were monitored. Desaturation was defined as SpO2 < 90 % or decline >3 %. RESULTS Ninety patients were included. The median walking distance in the 6MWT was 432 m and the median number of repetitions in the 1STST was 22, with a significant correlation (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.383). In addition, the minimum SpO2 and the desaturation levels recorded during the tests exhibited a moderate significant correlation (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.502 and p < 0.001, ρ = 0.537, respectively). There was a strong association between the increase in Borg score for dyspnea and a moderate association between the increase in Borg score for lower limb fatigue after both tests (p < 0.001, ρ = 0.706 and p < 0.001, ρ = 0.656, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a significant correlation between the 6MWT and the 1STST in detecting exercise-induced desaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Araújo
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Inês Neves
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Ana Luísa Fernandes
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Neves
- Pulmonology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde Gaia e Espinho, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4430-000, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Seabra
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Zita Camilo
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Inês Azevedo
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Joana Amado
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres, 4464-513, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Guimarães
- Pulmonology Unit at Hospital Lusíadas Porto, Av. da Boavista 171, 4050-115, Porto, Portugal.
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Benavides-Cordoba V, Suarez A, Guerrero-Jaramillo D, Silva-Medina M, Betancourt-Peña J, Palacios-Gómez M. Respiratory and physical health consequences in older adults in a high-risk volcanic area: Comparison of two rural villages. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310659. [PMID: 39298450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Volcanism is an important natural producer of pollution that impacts health and the quality of the environment. Lung changes caused by exposure to volcanoes have been previously studied. However, limited information exists regarding the effects of prolonged exposure to volcanic compounds. So, this study aimed to analyze the pulmonary effects and stress tolerance in older adults for chronic exposure to the volcanic ashes of the Galeras volcano. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study of association included rural inhabitants aged over 60 years from Genoy, a village located in a high volcanic hazard zone of Galeras volcano, 2603 meters above sea level. Those in this group, called exposed, were contrasted with a sample of El Encano inhabitants with similar socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Both villages belong to the rural area of San Juan de Pasto in Colombia. RESULTS It was found that of 31 exposed participants, 18 had obstructive alteration, and in the control group, it was found that of 31 subjects, 6 presented this alteration. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001). A similar situation occurred with distal airway obstruction assessed with the forced expiratory flow of 25-75%. No significant differences were found in restrictive alteration between the exposed and unexposed groups. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to volcanic compounds has generated obstructive changes in the population, and these changes were greater in number and severity than those in the control group of unexposed people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jhonatan Betancourt-Peña
- Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Minchin K, Landers MR. Effects of a physical therapist-driven individualized hybrid model of the exercise component of cardiac rehabilitation on patient outcomes: a prospective single group, time-series design. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38989921 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2365414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this prospective single group, time-series study was to determine the feasibility, adherence, and effectiveness of an individualized physical therapist (PT)-driven hybrid model of the exercise component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) that uses a novel intensity-recovery progression protocol (IRPP) and cardiac testing template (CTT) to assess achieved heart rate (HR) intensity, HR recovery, and intensity-recovery total to guide treatment. METHODS Assessment of a questionnaire, treadmill 6-min walk (6MW), 1-min sit-to-stand (1STS), 1-min step, and 1-min agility square tests were assessed on 100 participants. Compared to traditional CR the 36-visit 1:1 hybrid model was individualized using the IRPP program and CTT. RESULTS Adherence was 35% (timely) and 44% (overall) completion. The per-protocol analysis (PPA) and intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis suggest significant improvement in objective assessments baseline to visit 15 (PPA = 11 of 14) (ITT = 13 of 14), baseline to visit 30 (PPA = 12 of 14) (ITT = 12 of 14) and visit 15 to visit 30 (PPA = 9 of 14) (ITT = 10 of 14). Improvement beyond the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was 94.3% in the 6MW and 91.4% in the 1STS. CONCLUSIONS The PT-driven IRPP program was feasible in terms of adherence and safety, showing significant improvement in a majority of assessments. Analysis of HR using the CTT may help clinical decision making for progression in CR.Implications for rehabilitationCardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an underutilized means of improving health for people recovering from cardiac surgery.People recovering from cardiac surgery have complex reasons for why they choose to enroll in, drop out from, or complete a CR program.Reporting of outcomes in CR and progression in intensity is not often individualized.An individualized physical therapist driven CR program using both subjective and objective assessments may be successful at improving adherence and effectiveness in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merrill R Landers
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Laursen J, Christensen A, Egsgaard S, Søndergaard K, Mechlenburg I, Brincks J. A study of the reliability and construct validity of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test for individuals with systemic sclerosis. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38946475 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2373392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to assess the reliability and construct validity of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test as an efficient tool for evaluating the functional capacity of individuals with systemic sclerosis, considering its time and space effectiveness. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited forty-nine individuals with systemic sclerosis from a university hospital in Denmark. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test was conducted twice on the same day, with an interval of approximately 10 to 15 minutes between administrations, followed by a single administration of the 6-minute walk test. Reliability and validity were estimated using Bland-Altman statistics, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), paired t-test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ). RESULTS The 1-minute sit-to-stand test exhibited excellent test-retest reliability with an ICC2,1 (CI) of 0.97 (0.95-0.99). The minimal metrically detectable change between separate measures on a subject for the difference in the measures to be considered real at the 95% confidence level was 2.9 repetitions and 11%, respectively. A learning effect of one repetition was observed between repeated measures. High construct validity was observed between the 1-minute sit-to-stand and 6-minute walk test (ρ = 0.78, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the 1-minute sit-to-stand test as highly reliable, with an 11% change indicating a true outcome change. It also demonstrates robust construct validity compared to the 6-minute walk test. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test appears feasible for assessing functional capacity in well-functioning individuals with systemic sclerosis, but prior familiarization with the task is recommended, as a small learning effect was observed with one repetition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Laursen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amalie Christensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Egsgaard
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Søndergaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Inger Mechlenburg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John Brincks
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Promotion, VIA University College, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bass A, Géphine S, Martin M, Belley M, Robic M, Fabre C, Grosbois JM, Dion G, Saey D, Chambellan A, Maltais F. Assessing Functional Capacity in Directly and Remotely Monitored Home-Based Settings in Individuals With Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Protocol for a Multinational Validation Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e57404. [PMID: 38941132 PMCID: PMC11245655 DOI: 10.2196/57404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation is widely recommended to improve functional status and as secondary and tertiary prevention in individuals with chronic pulmonary diseases. Unfortunately, access to timely and appropriate rehabilitation remains limited. To help close this inaccessibility gap, telerehabilitation has been proposed. However, exercise testing is necessary for effective and safe exercise prescription. Current gold-standard tests, such as maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), are poorly adapted to home-based or telerehabilitation settings. This was an obstacle to the continuity of services during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to validate tests adapted to these new realities, such as the 6-minute stepper test (6MST). This test, strongly inspired by 6MWT, consists of taking as many steps as possible on a "stepper" for 6 minutes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the metrological qualities of 6MST by (1) establishing concurrent validity and agreement between the 6MST and CPET, as well as with the 6MWT; (2) determining test-retest reliability in a home-based setting with direct and remote (videoconferencing) monitoring; and (3) documenting adverse events and participant perspectives when performing the 6MST in home-based settings. METHODS Three centers (Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec in Québec, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille in France, and FormAction Santé in France) will be involved in this multinational project, which is divided into 2 studies. For study 1 (objective 1), 30 participants (Québec, n=15; France, n=15) will be recruited. Two laboratory visits will be performed to assess anthropometric data, pulmonary function, and the 3 exercise tolerance tests (CPET, 6MWT, and 6MST). Concurrent validity (paired sample t tests and Pearson correlations) and agreement (Bland-Altman plots with 95% agreement limits) will be evaluated. For study 2 (objectives 2 and 3), 52 participants (Québec, n=26; France, n=26) will be recruited. Following a familiarization trial (trial 1), the 6MST will be conducted on 2 separate occasions (trials 2 and 3), once under direct supervision and once under remote supervision, in a randomized order. Paired sample t test, Bland-Altman plots, and intraclass correlations will be used to compare trials 2 and 3. A semistructured interview will be conducted after the third trial to collect participants' perspectives. RESULTS Ethical approval was received for this project (October 12, 2023, in Québec and September 25, 2023, in France) and the first participant was recruited in February 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study innovates by validating a new clinical test necessary for the development and implementation of new models of rehabilitation adapted to home and telerehabilitation contexts. This study also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by contributing to augmenting health care service delivery (goal 3) and reducing health care access inequalities (goal 11). TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06447831; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06447831. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/57404.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Bass
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Géphine
- FormAction Santé, Pérenchies, France
- Université of Lille, Université de Artois, Université du Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Mickaël Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marianne Belley
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Robic
- Université of Lille, Université de Artois, Université du Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Claudine Fabre
- Université of Lille, Université de Artois, Université du Littoral Cote d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | | | - Geneviève Dion
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Chambellan
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Saint-Philibert, Université Catholique de Lille, Lomme, France
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CR-IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Paixão C, Alves A, Grave AS, Ferreira PG, Brooks D, Marques A. Chester step test to identify functional impairment in interstitial lung disease. Pulmonology 2024; 30:313-316. [PMID: 37743173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Paixão
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Alves
- REMEO Home Department, Linde Healthcare, Porto, Portugal
| | - A S Grave
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P G Ferreira
- ILD Outpatient Clinic, Pulmonology Department - Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Brooks
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Marques
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Trivedi P, Patel S, Edwards G, Jenkins T, Man WDC, Nolan CM. Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test: Responsiveness and Minimal Important Difference in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2024; 21:577-584. [PMID: 37847730 PMCID: PMC10995545 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202306-561oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Standing from a sitting position is an important activity of daily living. The five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5STS) is a simple physical performance test that measures the fastest time taken to stand five times from a chair with arms folded. It can be measured in most healthcare settings and at home, where traditional field walking tests may not be possible. The 5STS has been validated in community-dwelling older adults and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but data in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are limited.Objectives: The aims of this cohort study were to establish the construct validity, responsiveness to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), and minimal important difference (MID) of the 5STS in IPF.Methods: In 149 people with IPF, we compared the 5STS with measures of lung function, exercise capacity, quadriceps strength, breathlessness, and health-related quality of life. Responsiveness and effect sizes were determined by measuring the 5STS before and after PR. The MID was estimated using anchor- and distribution-based methods.Results: The 5STS correlated significantly with incremental shuttle walk test (ISW) (r = -0.55), isometric quadriceps maximum voluntary contraction (QMVC) (r = -0.45), Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score (r = 0.40), Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire-Total (r = -0.21), and King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire-Total (r = -0.21) but not forced vital capacity percentage predicted or quadriceps one-repetition maximum (1RM). There was a significant but very weak correlation between change in 5STS and changes in Medical Research Council (r = 0.18), ISW (r = -0.21), and Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire-Total (r = -0.26) but no significant correlation with change in 1RM (r = -0.12) or QMVC (r = -0.18). 5STS time improved with PR (median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] change, -1.97 [-3.47, -0.62] s; P < 0.001). The effect size for the 5STS was 0.66 and higher than quadriceps 1RM, QMVC, and ISW. The mean (range) MID estimate was -1.93 (-1.85 to -2.10) seconds.Conclusions: In people with IPF, the 5STS is a valid physical performance measure that is responsive to exercise-based interventions and suitable for use in most healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Trivedi
- Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Harefield Hospital, and
| | - Suhani Patel
- Harefield Respiratory Research Group, Heart, Lung, and Critical Care Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Edwards
- Harefield Respiratory Research Group, Heart, Lung, and Critical Care Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Harefield Respiratory Research Group, Heart, Lung, and Critical Care Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - William D.-C. Man
- Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Harefield Hospital, and
- Harefield Respiratory Research Group, Heart, Lung, and Critical Care Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Nolan
- Harefield Respiratory Research Group, Heart, Lung, and Critical Care Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health, and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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Mellaerts P, Demeyer H, Blondeel A, Vanhoutte T, Breuls S, Wuyts M, Coosemans I, Claes L, Vandenbergh N, Beckers K, Bossche LV, Stylemans D, Janssens W, Everaerts S, Troosters T. The one-minute sit-to-stand test: A practical tool for assessing functional exercise capacity in patients with COPD in routine clinical practice. Chron Respir Dis 2024; 21:14799731241291530. [PMID: 39400070 PMCID: PMC11483694 DOI: 10.1177/14799731241291530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a reduced exercise capacity. Although several field tests for exercise capacity have been modified for non-standard settings, i.e. outside the hospital clinic or pulmonary rehabilitation center, their uptake remains limited. Objectives: To assess the test-retest reliability, constuct validity and responsiveness of the one-minute sit-to-stand test (1'STST) adopted in clinical practice among patients with COPD and to confirm the earlier established minimal important difference (MID) of three repetitions. Methods: Patients with COPD performed two 1'STSTs, two 6-minute walk tests (6MWT), an isometric quadriceps force (QF) measurement, a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and a seven-day physical activity (PA) measurement before and after three months of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). An Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) evaluated the agreement between two 1'STSTs. Pearson Correlation examined the association between the 1'STST and other physical measurements, and their changes following PR. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed using a 30-meter increment in the 6MWT as cut-off to identify responders. Results: The 1'STST demonstrated good reliability (Δ0.9 ± 4.0 repetitions, p = .13; ICC = 0.79). The 1'STST was moderately correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.57, p < .0001), VO2max (r = 0.50, p = .0006) and maximal work rate (r = 0.52, p = .0003). Weak correlations were observed with QF (r = 0.33, p = .03) and step count (r = 0.38, p = .013). The 1'STST improved after PR (∆ = 3.6 ± 6.4 repetitions, p = .0013) and changes correlated moderately with changes in the 6MWT (r = 0.57, p = .002), QF (r = 0.48, p = .003) and VO2max (r = 0.41, p = .014). A cut-off of three repetitions demonstrated a 71% accuracy in identifying responders to a rehabilitation program. Conclusion: The 1'STST is a valuable alternative to evaluate exercise capacity in patients with COPD when more expensive and time-consuming tests are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heleen Demeyer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Astrid Blondeel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- IS Global, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Vanhoutte
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Breuls
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke Wuyts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iris Coosemans
- Respiratory division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Claes
- Respiratory division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Vandenbergh
- Respiratory division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Beckers
- Respiratory division, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wim Janssens
- Clinical department of Respiratory diseases, UZ Leuven- BREATHE, department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Everaerts
- Clinical department of Respiratory diseases, UZ Leuven- BREATHE, department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Singh R, Aggarwal D, Dutta K, Jaggi S, Sodhi MK, Saini V. Assessment of the feasibility of 1-min sit-to-stand test in evaluating functional exercise capacity in interstitial lung disease patients. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:363-369. [PMID: 38188134 PMCID: PMC10766448 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346418.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Six-min walk test (6MWT) is widely used exercise test for the evaluation of interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, the long test duration and need for long and flat surface hinder its routine use. One-min sit-to-stand test (1-STST) is devoid of such limitations, but has been scarcely evaluated. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 1-STST by correlating it with 6MWT in ILD patients. Stable ILD patients were prospectively enrolled. After initial spirometry, all patients performed 6MWT and 1-STST following the standard recommendations. Exercise capacity and physiological parameters (heart rate, pulse oxygen saturation, blood pressure and dyspnea [modified Borg scale]) including peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were correlated after the tests using Pearson correlation, Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa (κ) coefficient. The results showed that the mean age of the patients (n=60) was 58.8±11.5 years (male:female=1:1). Repetitions after 1-STST showed significant correlation with 6MWT (r=0.48; P<0.001). Changes in the physiological variables were similar (P>0.05) with good consistency (ICC=0.68-0.95) between 6MWT and 1-STST. Both lowest SpO2 and difference in SpO2 also showed good agreement (ICC=0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-0.92 and ICC=0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.81 respectively) and significant correlation (r=0.76 and r=0.52, respectively). 1-STST and 6MWT were consistent in identifying patients having oxygen desaturation ≥4% (κ=0.56; 96% CI, 0.30-0.82). The results demonstrated that the performance of 1-STST was consistent with 6MWT in terms of exercise capacity and change in physiological parameters. 1-STST can be a valid alternative to 6MWT in the assessment of ILD patients, especially in peripheral health centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Singh
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
| | - Deepak Aggarwal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
| | - Kashish Dutta
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
| | - Surabhi Jaggi
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
| | - Mandeep Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
| | - Varinder Saini
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh,
India
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10
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Cordeiro R, Nunes A, Smith O, Renzoni EA. Oxygen in interstitial lung diseases. Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:220271. [PMID: 37378062 PMCID: PMC10292795 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0271-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Domiciliary oxygen is essential in the care of hypoxaemic interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. Guidelines concur in advising prescription of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for ILD patients with severe hypoxaemia at rest, in view of its beneficial impact on breathlessness/disability and extrapolating potential survival benefits seen in COPD patients. A less severe hypoxaemia threshold for initiation of LTOT is recommended for patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH)/right heart failure, requiring careful evaluation in all ILD patients. In light of evidence suggesting a link between nocturnal hypoxaemia, development of PH and poor survival, studies assessing the impact of nocturnal oxygen are urgently needed. Severe exertional hypoxaemia is frequent in ILD patients, with impact on exercise tolerance, quality of life and mortality. Ambulatory oxygen therapy (AOT) has been associated with improvement in breathlessness and quality of life in ILD patients with exertional hypoxaemia. However, given the paucity of evidence, not all current AOT guidelines are in agreement. Ongoing clinical trials will provide further useful data. Despite its beneficial effects, supplemental oxygen imposes burdens and challenges to patients. A key unmet area of need is the development of less cumbersome and more efficient oxygen delivery systems to reduce the negative impact of AOT on patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cordeiro
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Pneumologia, Hospital de Torres Vedras, Centro Hospitalar do Oeste, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - André Nunes
- Centro de Responsabilidade Integrada de Pneumologia, Hospital de Torres Vedras, Centro Hospitalar do Oeste, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Oliver Smith
- Rehabilitation and Therapies Directorate, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elisabetta A. Renzoni
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Tanriverdi A, Kahraman BO, Ozpelit E, Savci S. Test Retest Reliability and Validity of 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:518-524. [PMID: 36774200 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The psychometric properties of the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1STS) test have not been investigated in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability, construct validity, and minimal detectable change of the 1STS test and to investigate the physiological response to the 1STS test in patients with CHF. METHOD Forty-three (43) patients with CHF were included. Demographic and clinical features were recorded. To investigate test-retest reliability, participants performed two 1STS tests on the same day. The correlations between the 1STS test and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), functional class, pulmonary function, quadriceps muscle strength, and physical activity were investigated for validity. The physiological responses and symptom perception were assessed before and after both the 1STS test and 6MWT. RESULTS Excellent test-retest reliability was found for the 1STS test, with an intraclass correlation of 0.932 (95% confidence interval 0.874-0.963). The minimal detectable change of the 1STST test was 3.7 repetitions. The 1STS test was correlated with 6MWT distance, age, functional class, pulmonary function, quadriceps muscle strength, and physical activity (p<0.05). The 1STS test showed similar changes to the 6MWT in physiological responses and symptom perception (p>0.05), except for leg fatigue (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The 1STS test is reliable and valid in evaluating functional exercise capacity in patients with CHF. The 1STS test reveals similar cardiac demand to the 6MWT. The 1STS test may be considered an option when traditional tests are impractical in terms of space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Tanriverdi
- Institute of Health Scieces, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey; Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Buse Ozcan Kahraman
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Ozpelit
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Savci
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Oishi K, Matsunaga K, Asami-Noyama M, Yamamoto T, Hisamoto Y, Fujii T, Harada M, Suizu J, Murakawa K, Chikumoto A, Matsuda K, Kanesada H, Kikuchi Y, Hamada K, Uehara S, Suetake R, Ohata S, Murata Y, Yamaji Y, Sakamoto K, Ito K, Osoreda H, Edakuni N, Kakugawa T, Hirano T, Yano M. The 1-minute sit-to-stand test to detect desaturation during 6-minute walk test in interstitial lung disease. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2022; 32:5. [PMID: 35087054 PMCID: PMC8795411 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-022-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the 6 min walk test (6MWT) is well-established for assessing desaturation in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), it cannot be easily performed in primary healthcare settings. This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1STST) for assessing desaturation during 6MWT in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels. We included 116 patients, and the pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) for both methods was analyzed. The SpO2 nadir during the 1STST and 6MWT correlated strongly (ρ = 0.82). The frequency of patients with nadir SpO2 < 90% was consistent for both tests (κ = 0.82). 1STST was superior to diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in detecting desaturation during the 6MWT. These findings were similarly stratified according to performance status or dyspnea scale. The 1STST can easily measure exertional desaturation in ILD patients with normal resting blood oxygen levels and is an alternative to the 6MWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Oishi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Maki Asami-Noyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tasuku Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yukari Hisamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Misa Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Junki Suizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Keita Murakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Ayumi Chikumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuki Matsuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Haruka Kanesada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Sho Uehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Suetake
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Syuichiro Ohata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Murata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yamaji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Osoreda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi-Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Edakuni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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13
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Kostenko AA, Koneva ES, Malyutin DS, Tsvetkova AV, Bisheva DR, Vasilieva ES, Bazarov DV, Shestakov AV, Kotenko KV. [Hypoxic training in rehabilitation of patients at the early stages of recovery after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:11-16. [PMID: 36083812 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229904211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and safety of hypoxic-hyperoxic therapy in rehabilitation after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 44 patients aged 49-75 years in early recovery period after previous SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (ICD-10 U07.1 and U07.2). Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on treatment strategy: group 1 (n=23) - rehabilitation treatment with therapeutic exercises, massage and physiotherapy; group 2 (n=21) - basic procedures with hypoxic-hyperoxic therapy. RESULTS At initial evaluation, we found positive tendencies of rehabilitation in both groups. There were no side effects associated with hypoxic-hyperoxic therapy in the second group. Patients positively perceived this method of rehabilitation. There were significant between-group differences in exercise tolerance (p<0.05). These data indicate more favorable physical recovery in the second group and similar improvement of psycho-emotional status in both groups. CONCLUSION Hypoxic-hyperoxic therapy is effective and safe approach in rehabilitation of patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. It is necessary to continue searching for effective methods of rehabilitation and develop accurate rehabilitation methods for various groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kostenko
- Group of companies «MEDSI», Otradnoe, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Koneva
- Group of companies «MEDSI», Otradnoe, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Malyutin
- Group of companies «MEDSI», Otradnoe, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Tsvetkova
- Group of companies «MEDSI», Otradnoe, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D R Bisheva
- Group of companies «MEDSI», Otradnoe, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Vasilieva
- FGBNU "Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Bazarov
- FGBNU "Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Shestakov
- FGBNU "Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Kotenko
- FGBNU "Russian Scientific Center for Surgery named after acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Research Center for Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Kalin A, Javid B, Knight M, Inada-Kim M, Greenhalgh T. Direct and indirect evidence of efficacy and safety of rapid exercise tests for exertional desaturation in Covid-19: a rapid systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:77. [PMID: 33726854 PMCID: PMC7961172 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even when resting pulse oximetry is normal in the patient with acute Covid-19, hypoxia can manifest on exertion. We summarise the literature on the performance of different rapid tests for exertional desaturation and draw on this evidence base to provide guidance in the context of acute Covid-19. MAIN RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. What exercise tests have been used to assess exertional hypoxia at home or in an ambulatory setting in the context of Covid-19 and to what extent have they been validated? 2. What exercise tests have been used to assess exertional hypoxia in other lung conditions, to what extent have they been validated and what is the applicability of these studies to acute Covid-19? METHOD AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE MEDLINE, Cochrane and PubMed using LitCovid, Scholar and Google databases were searched to September 2020. Studies where participants had Covid-19 or another lung disease and underwent any form of exercise test which was compared to a reference standard were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS 2. A protocol for the review was published on the Medrxiv database. RESULTS Of 47 relevant papers, 15 were empirical studies, of which 11 described an attempt to validate one or more exercise desaturation tests in lung diseases other than Covid-19. In all but one of these, methodological quality was poor or impossible to fully assess. None had been designed as a formal validation study (most used simple tests of correlation). Only one validation study (comparing a 1-min sit-to-stand test [1MSTST] with reference to the 6-min walk test [6MWT] in 107 patients with interstitial lung disease) contained sufficient raw data for us to calculate the sensitivity (88%), specificity (81%) and positive and negative predictive value (79% and 89% respectively) of the 1MSTST. The other 4 empirical studies included two predictive studies on patients with Covid-19, and two on HIV-positive patients with suspected pneumocystis pneumonia. We found no studies on the 40-step walk test (a less demanding test that is widely used in clinical practice to assess Covid-19 patients). Heterogeneity of study design precluded meta-analysis. DISCUSSION Exertional desaturation tests have not yet been validated in patients with (or suspected of having) Covid-19. A stronger evidence base exists for the diagnostic accuracy of the 1MSTST in chronic long-term pulmonary disease; the relative intensity of this test may raise safety concerns in remote consultations or unstable patients. The less strenuous 40-step walk test should be urgently evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kalin
- Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Babak Javid
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Matthew Knight
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Vicarage Rd, Watford, Hertfordshire, WD18 0HB UK
| | - Matt Inada-Kim
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Houchen-Wolloff L, Daynes E, Watt A, Chaplin E, Gardiner N, Singh S. Which functional outcome measures can we use as a surrogate for exercise capacity during remote cardiopulmonary rehabilitation assessments? A rapid narrative review. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00526-2020. [PMID: 33313302 PMCID: PMC7720684 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00526-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen many cardiopulmonary rehabilitation services delivering programmes remotely. One area of concern is how to assess exercise capacity when a supervised exercise test is not possible. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between functional exercise tests and recommended exercise tests for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. METHODS A rapid narrative review was carried out. Searches were conducted by two of the study authors. The study had the following features. Participants: adults, all with long-term conditions; intervention: any/none; outcome: Duke activity status index (DASI), sit to stand (STS, 30 s, 1 min and 5 repetitions), short physical performance battery (SPPB), 4-metre gait speed (4MGS) or step test (Chester/others) AND directly compared to one of the recommended exercise tests for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation: 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) or cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in terms of reporting agreement/correlation; Study design: primary research only, controlled trials or observational studies. RESULTS Sixteen articles out of 249 screened were included (n=2271 patients). Overall, there were weak-strong correlations for the included tests with a recommended exercise test (r=0.38-0.85). There were few reported issues with feasibility or safety of the tests. However, all tests were supervised in a clinical setting. The test that had the highest correlation with the field walking test was the 4MGS with the ISWT (r=0.78) and with the 6MWT (r=0.85). DISCUSSION The 4MGS has the highest correlation with routine measures of exercise tolerance. However, it may be difficult to standardise in a remote assessment or to prescribe exercise from. Clinicians should strive for face-to-face standardised exercise tests where possible to be able to guide exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzy Houchen-Wolloff
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Enya Daynes
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Amye Watt
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma Chaplin
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Nikki Gardiner
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Sally Singh
- Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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