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The interaction effect of green tea consumption and exercise training on fat oxidation, body composition and blood lipids in humans: a review of the literature. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huang CC, Liu CC, Tsao JP, Hsu CL, Cheng IS. Effects of Oral Resveratrol Supplementation on Glycogen Replenishment and Mitochondria Biogenesis in Exercised Human Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123721. [PMID: 33276518 PMCID: PMC7760965 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of oral resveratrol supplementation on the key molecular gene expressions involved in mitochondria biogenesis and glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Nine young male athletes participated in the single-blind and crossover designed study. All subjects completed a 4-day resveratrol and placebo supplement in a randomized order while performing a single bout of cycling exercise. Immediately after the exercise challenge, the subjects consumed a carbohydrate (CHO) meal (2 g CHO/Kg body mass) with either resveratrol or placebo capsules. Biopsied muscle samples, blood samples and expired gas samples were obtained at 0 h and 3 h after exercise. The muscle samples were measured for gene transcription factor expression by real-time PCR for glucose uptake and mitochondria biogenesis. Plasma glucose, insulin, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and respiratory exchange ratio were analyzed during post-exercise recovery periods. The results showed that the muscle glycogen concentrations were higher at 3 h than at 0 h; however, there were no difference between resveratrol trial and placebo trial. There were no significantly different concentrations in plasma parameters between the two trials. Similarly, no measured gene expressions were significant between the two trials. The evidence concluded that the 4-day oral resveratrol supplementation did not improve post-exercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and related glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis gene expression in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei City 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-L.H.); (I.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2218-3459 (I.-S.C.)
| | - I-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 403, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-P.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.-L.H.); (I.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2218-3459 (I.-S.C.)
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Willems MET, Fry HL, Belding MA, Kaviani M. Three Weeks Daily Intake of Matcha Green Tea Powder Affects Substrate Oxidation during Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Females. J Diet Suppl 2020; 18:566-576. [PMID: 32875933 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2020.1811443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Artificial green tea extracts may enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. Natural Matcha green tea consumption involves the ingestion of the powdered green tea leaves. We examined the effects of three weeks daily intake of Matcha green tea powder on substrate oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in females. Females with a regular menstrual cycle (n = 12, age: 28 ± 10 yr, body mass: 69 ± 17 kg, height: 163 ± 6 cm) volunteered to complete an incremental walking test to determine the individual moderate exercise intensity (four metabolic equivalent) for the subsequent 30-min treadmill walk. The study had a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design with participants tested between day 9 and 11 of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase). Participants consumed 3x1 gram capsules of Matcha premium grade, (OMGTea Ltd, UK) per day for three weeks, with the final dose (1 gram) two hours before the 30-min walk (walking speed: 5.8 ± 0.4 km·h-1). Matcha had no effect on physiological responses (e.g. heart rate, placebo: 127 ± 14; Matcha: 124 ± 14 beats·min-1, p = 0.154), but resulted in lower respiratory exchange ratio (placebo: 0.872 ± 0.040; Matcha: 0.839 ± 0.035) (p = 0.033), higher fat oxidation by 35 ± 47% (placebo: 0.21 ± 0.08; Matcha: 0.26 ± 0.06 g·min-1) (p = 0.034), and lower carbohydrate oxidation (placebo: 0.75 ± 0.21; Matcha: 0.60 ± 0.18 g·min-1) (p = 0.048) during the 30-min moderate-intensity walk. Energy expenditure was similar for both conditions. There was no significant correlation between body fat % and the absolute or relative change in Matcha-induced fat oxidation during exercise. Continuous intake of Matcha green tea effects exercise-induced metabolic responses by enhancing fat oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in adult females, seemingly independent of body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hillary L Fry
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada
| | - Majeedah A Belding
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Canada
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Matcha Green Tea Drinks Enhance Fat Oxidation During Brisk Walking in Females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:536-541. [PMID: 29345213 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intake of the catechin epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine has been shown to enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. Matcha green tea powder contains catechins and caffeine and is consumed as a drink. We examined the effect of Matcha green tea drinks on metabolic, physiological, and perceived intensity responses during brisk walking. A total of 13 females (age: 27 ± 8 years, body mass: 65 ± 7 kg, height: 166 ± 6 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Resting metabolic equivalent (1-MET) was measured using Douglas bags (1-MET: 3.4 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1). Participants completed an incremental walking protocol to establish the relationship between walking speed and oxygen uptake and individualize the walking speed at 5- or 6-MET. A randomized, crossover design was used with participants tested between Days 9 and 11 of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase). Participants consumed three drinks (each drink made with 1 g of Matcha premium grade; OMGTea Ltd., Brighton, UK) the day before and one drink 2 hr before the 30-min walk at 5- (n = 10) or 6-MET (walking speed: 5.8 ± 0.4 km/hr) with responses measured at 8-10, 18-20, and 28-30 min. Matcha had no effect on physiological and perceived intensity responses. Matcha resulted in lower respiratory exchange ratio (control: 0.84 ± 0.04; Matcha: 0.82 ± 0.04; p < .01) and enhanced fat oxidation during a 30-min brisk walk (control: 0.31 ± 0.10; Matcha: 0.35 ± 0.11 g/min; p < .01). Matcha green tea drinking can enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation in females. However, when regular brisk walking with 30-min bouts is being undertaken as part of a weight loss program, the metabolic effects of Matcha should not be overstated.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols exert physiological effects that may impact athletic performance. Polyphenols are antioxidants that have been noted to hinder training adaptations, yet conversely they stimulate stress-related cell signalling pathways that trigger mitochondrial biogenesis and influence vascular function. OBJECTIVE To determine the overall effect of polyphenols on human athletic performance. METHODS A search strategy was completed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED and SPORTDiscus in April 2016. The studies were screened and independently reviewed by two researchers against predetermined criteria for eligibility. As a result of this screening, 14 studies were included for meta-analysis. Of these, the studied populations were predominately-trained males with an average intervention dose of 688 ± 478 mg·day-1. RESULTS The pooled results demonstrate polyphenol supplementation for at least 7 days increases performance by 1.90% (95% CI 0.40-3.39). Sub-analysis of seven studies using quercetin identified a performance increase of 2.82% (95% CI 2.05-3.58). There were no adverse effects reported in the studies in relation to the intervention. CONCLUSION Overall the pooled results show that polyphenols, and of note quercetin, are viable supplements to improve performance in healthy individuals.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on promoting postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and systemic energy substrate utilisation in young college students. A total of eight healthy male participants (age: 22·0 (se 1·0) years, BMI: 24·2 (se 0·7) kg/m2, VO2max: 43·2 (se 2·4) ml/kg per min) participated in this study. GTE (500 mg/d for 8 weeks) was compared with placebo in participants in a double-blind/placebo-controlled and crossover study design with an 8-week washout period. Thereafter, all participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (75 % VO2max) and consumed a carbohydrate-enriched meal immediately after exercise. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected immediately (0 h) and 3 h after exercise, and blood and gaseous samples were collected during the 3-h postexercise recovery period. An 8-week oral GTE supplementation had no effects on further promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle, but the exercise-induced muscle GLUT type 4 (GLUT4) protein content was greater in the GTE supplementation trial (P<0·05). We observed that, during the postexercise recovery period, GTE supplementation elicited an increase in energy reliance on fat oxidation compared with the placebo trial (P<0·05), although there were no differences in blood glucose and insulin responses between the two trials. In summary, 8-week oral GTE supplementation increases postexercise systemic fat oxidation and exercise-induced muscle GLUT4 protein content in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise. However, GTE supplementation has no further benefit on promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis during the postexercise period.
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Martin BJ, McGlory C, MacInnis MJ, Allison MK, Phillips SM, Gibala MJ. Green tea extract does not affect exogenous glucose appearance but reduces insulinemia with glucose ingestion in exercise recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1282-1289. [PMID: 27763877 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00657.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that supplementation with green tea extract (GTE) lowered the glycemic response to an oral glucose load following exercise, but via an unknown mechanism (Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Gillen JB, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41: 1057-1063, 2016. Here we examined the effect of supplementation with GTE on plasma glucose kinetics on ingestion of a glucose beverage during exercise recovery. Eleven healthy, sedentary men (21 ± 2 yr old; body mass index = 23 ± 4 kg/m2, peak O2 uptake = 38 ± 7 ml·kg-1·min-1; means ± SD) ingested GTE (350 mg) or placebo (PLA) thrice daily for 7 days in a double-blind, crossover design. In the fasted state, a primed constant infusion of [U-13C6]glucose was started, and 1 h later, subjects performed a graded exercise test (25 W/3 min) on a cycle ergometer. Immediately postexercise, subjects ingested a 75-g glucose beverage containing 2 g of [6,6-2H2]glucose, and blood samples were collected every 10 min for 3 h of recovery. The rate of carbohydrate oxidation was lower during exercise after GTE vs. PLA (1.26 ± 0.34 vs. 1.48 ± 0.51 g/min, P = 0.04). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was not different between treatments after drink ingestion (GTE = 1,067 ± 133 vs. PLA = 1,052 ± 91 mM/180 min, P = 0.91). Insulin AUC was lower after GTE vs. PLA (5,673 ± 2,153 vs. 7,039 ± 2,588 µIU/180 min, P = 0.05), despite similar rates of glucose appearance (GTE = 0.42 ± 0.16 vs. PLA = 0.43 ± 0.13 g/min, P = 0.74) and disappearance (GTE = 0.43 ± 0.14 vs. PLA = 0.44 ± 0.14 g/min, P = 0.57). We conclude that short-term GTE supplementation did not affect glucose kinetics following ingestion of an oral glucose load postexercise; however, GTE was associated with attenuated insulinemia. These findings suggest GTE lowers the insulin required for a given glucose load during postexercise recovery, which warrants further mechanistic studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary K Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Gillen JB, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ. Short-term green tea extract supplementation attenuates the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response following exercise in overweight men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1057-1063. [PMID: 27690569 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) ingestion improves glucose homeostasis in healthy and diabetic humans, but the interactive effect of GTE and exercise is unknown. The present study examined the effect of short-term GTE supplementation on the glycemic response to an oral glucose load at rest and following an acute bout of exercise, as well as substrate oxidation during exercise. Eleven sedentary, overweight men with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol·L-1 (age, 34 ± 13 years; body mass index = 32 ± 5 kg·m-2; FPG = 6.8 ± 1.0; mean ± SD) ingested GTE (3× per day, 1050 mg·day-1 total) or placebo (PLA) for 7 days in a double-blind, crossover design. The effects of a 75-g glucose drink were assessed on 4 occasions during both GTE and PLA treatments: On days 1 and 5 at rest, and again following an acute bout of exercise on days 3 and 8. The glycemic response was assessed via an indwelling continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and venous blood draws. At rest, 1-h CGM glucose area under the curve was not different (P > 0.05), but the postexercise response was lower after GTE versus PLA (330 ± 53 and 393 ± 65 mmol·L-1·min-1, main effect of treatment, P < 0.05). The 1-h postprandial peaks in venous blood glucose (8.6 ± 1.6 and 9.8 ± 2.2 mmol·L-1) and insulin (96 ± 59 and 124 ± 68 μIU·ml-1) were also lower postexercise with GTE versus PLA (time × treatment interactions, P < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term GTE supplementation did not affect postprandial glucose at rest; however, GTE was associated with an attenuated glycemic response following a postexercise oral glucose load. These data suggest that GTE might alter skeletal muscle glucose uptake in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Sugita M, Kapoor MP, Nishimura A, Okubo T. Influence of green tea catechins on oxidative stress metabolites at rest and during exercise in healthy humans. Nutrition 2016; 32:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Craig DM, Ashcroft SP, Belew MY, Stocks B, Currell K, Baar K, Philp A. Utilizing small nutrient compounds as enhancers of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:296. [PMID: 26578969 PMCID: PMC4621424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise, when performed regularly as part of a training program, leads to increases in whole-body and skeletal muscle-specific oxidative capacity. At the cellular level, this adaptive response is manifested by an increased number of oxidative fibers (Type I and IIA myosin heavy chain), an increase in capillarity and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. The increase in mitochondrial biogenesis (increased volume and functional capacity) is fundamentally important as it leads to greater rates of oxidative phosphorylation and an improved capacity to utilize fatty acids during sub-maximal exercise. Given the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis for skeletal muscle performance, considerable attention has been given to understanding the molecular cues stimulated by endurance exercise that culminate in this adaptive response. In turn, this research has led to the identification of pharmaceutical compounds and small nutritional bioactive ingredients that appear able to amplify exercise-responsive signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to discuss these purported exercise mimetics and bioactive ingredients in the context of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. We will examine proposed modes of action, discuss evidence of application in skeletal muscle in vivo and finally comment on the feasibility of such approaches to support endurance-training applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Craig
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen P Ashcroft
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Micah Y Belew
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ben Stocks
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin Currell
- EIS Performance Centre, English Institute of Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Keith Baar
- Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Philp
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
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Hydrolysis enhances bioavailability of proanthocyanidin-derived metabolites and improves β-cell function in glucose intolerant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:850-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gahreman D, Wang R, Boutcher Y, Boutcher S. Green Tea, Intermittent Sprinting Exercise, and Fat Oxidation. Nutrients 2015; 7:5646-63. [PMID: 26184298 PMCID: PMC4517022 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat oxidation has been shown to increase after short term green tea extract (GTE) ingestion and after one bout of intermittent sprinting exercise (ISE). Whether combining the two will result in greater fat oxidation after ISE is undetermined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of short term GTE and a single session of ISE upon post-exercise fat oxidation. Fourteen women consumed three GTE or placebo capsules the day before and one capsule 90 min before a 20-min ISE cycling protocol followed by 1 h of resting recovery. Fat oxidation was calculated using indirect calorimetry. There was a significant increase in fat oxidation post-exercise compared to at rest in the placebo condition (p < 0.01). After GTE ingestion, however, at rest and post-exercise, fat oxidation was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that after placebo. Plasma glycerol levels at rest and 15 min during post-exercise were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after GTE consumption compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, plasma catecholamines increased significantly after GTE consumption and 20 min after ISE (p < 0.05). Acute GTE ingestion significantly increased fat oxidation under resting and post-exercise conditions when compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gahreman
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811, Australia.
| | - Rose Wang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Yati Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Stephen Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Kuo YC, Lin JC, Bernard JR, Liao YH. Green tea extract supplementation does not hamper endurance-training adaptation but improves antioxidant capacity in sedentary men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:990-6. [PMID: 26319566 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation combined with endurance training on endurance capacity and performance in sedentary men. Forty untrained men (age: 20 ± 1 years) participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (i) placebo-control (CTRL), (ii) GTE, (iii) endurance training (Ex), and (iv) endurance training with GTE (ExGTE). During the 4-week intervention, exercise training was prescribed as 75% oxygen uptake reserve for three 20-min sessions per week, and either GTE (250 mg/day) or placebo was provided. Endurance capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and creatine kinase (CK) were examined. Ex and ExGTE but not GTE improved exhaustive-run time (Ex: +8.2%, p = 0.031; ExGTE: +14.3%, p < 0.001); in addition, Ex and ExGTE significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake by ∼14% (p = 0.041) and ∼17% (p = 0.017) above the values of the CTRL group, respectively. Both Ex and ExGTE significantly decreased the increase of CK by ∼11%-32% below that of CTRL following an exhaustive run (Ex: p = 0.007; ExGTE: p = 0.001). Moreover, TAS levels increased by ∼11% in ExGTE after training (p = 0.040), and GTE, Ex, and ExGTE markedly attenuated exercise-induced MDA production (p = 0.01, p = 0.005, p = 0.011, respectively). In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated that daily ingestion of GTE during endurance training does not impair improvements in endurance capacity. Moreover, endurance training combined with GTE not only increases antioxidant capacity without attenuating endurance training adaptations, but also further attenuates acute exercise-induced CK release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Kuo
- a Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No. 365, Ming-Te Road, Peitou Distric, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Charng Lin
- b Graduate Institute of Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R Bernard
- c Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382, USA
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- a Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, No. 365, Ming-Te Road, Peitou Distric, Taipei City 11219, Taiwan
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Mähler A, Steiniger J, Bock M, Klug L, Parreidt N, Lorenz M, Zimmermann BF, Krannich A, Paul F, Boschmann M. Metabolic response to epigallocatechin-3-gallate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:487-95. [PMID: 25733633 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle weakness and fatigue are common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Green tea catechins such as (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are known to improve energy metabolism at rest and during exercise. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that EGCG improves energy metabolism and substrate utilization in patients with MS. DESIGN Eighteen patients (8 men) with relapsing-remitting MS (expanded disability status scale score <4.5, all receiving glatiramer acetate) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial at a clinical research center. All patients received EGCG (600 mg/d) and placebo over 12 wk (4-wk washout in between). After each intervention, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE), as well as fat oxidation (FAOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOx) rates, were measured either at rest or during 40 min of exercise (0.5 W/kg). At rest, blood samples and microdialysates from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were also taken. RESULTS At rest, postprandial EE and CHOx, as well as adipose tissue perfusion and glucose supply, were significantly lower in men but higher in women receiving EGCG compared with placebo. During exercise, postprandial EE was lower after EGCG than after placebo, indicating an increased working efficiency (men > women). After placebo, exercise EE was mainly fueled by FAOx in both men and women. After EGCG, there was a shift to a higher and more stable CHOx during exercise in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that EGCG given to patients with MS over 12 wk improves muscle metabolism during moderate exercise to a greater extent in men than in women, possibly because of sex-specific effects on autonomic and endocrine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Jochen Steiniger
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Markus Bock
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Lars Klug
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Nadine Parreidt
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Mario Lorenz
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Benno F Zimmermann
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Alexander Krannich
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Michael Boschmann
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
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15
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Effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure among overweight and obese adults. J Hypertens 2015; 33:243-54. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Randell RK, Hodgson AB, Lotito SB, Jacobs DM, Rowson M, Mela DJ, Jeukendrup AE. Variable duration of decaffeinated green tea extract ingestion on exercise metabolism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:1185-93. [PMID: 24172767 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate if the duration of decaffeinated green tea extract (dGTE) ingestion plays a role in augmenting fat oxidation rates during moderate-intensity exercise. METHODS In a crossover, placebo-controlled design, 19 healthy males (mean ± SD; age = 21 ± 2 yr, weight = 75.0 ± 7.0 kg, body mass index = 23.2 ± 2.2 kg·m, maximal oxygen consumption [V˙O2max] = 55.4 ± 4.6 mL·kg·min) ingested dGTE and placebo (PLA) for 28 d, separated by a 28-d washout period. On the first day (dGTE 1 or PLA 1) and after 7 d (dGTE 7 or PLA 7) and 28 d (dGTE 28 or PLA 28), participants completed a 30-min cycle exercise bout (50% Wmax), 2 h after ingestion. Indirect calorimetry was used to calculate rates of whole-body fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Blood samples were collected at rest and during exercise for analysis of plasma fatty acids, glycerol, and epigallocatechin gallate. RESULTS The ingestion of dGTE did not significantly change whole-body fat oxidation rates during exercise on day 1, 7, or 28 compared with PLA. There were also no changes in plasma concentrations of fatty acids and glycerol at rest and during exercise as a result of dGTE ingestion at any time point compared with PLA. Plasma epigallocatechin gallate concentrations, immediately before the exercise bout, in the three dGTE trials were elevated compared with PLA but not different between 1, 7, and 28 d. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous reports, we found that the duration of dGTE ingestion had no effect on whole-body fat oxidation rates or fat metabolism-related blood metabolites during exercise in physically active healthy males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Randell
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM; 2Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, THE NETHERLANDS
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Jacobs DM, Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Mahabir-Jagessar-T K, Garczarek U, Jeukendrup AE, Mela DJ, Lotito S. Metabolic response to decaffeinated green tea extract during rest and moderate-intensity exercise. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9936-9943. [PMID: 25195522 DOI: 10.1021/jf502764r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that a 7 day ingestion of caffeinated green tea extract (cGTE) induced marked metabolic differences during rest and exercise. Here, we report the metabolic effects of 1, 7, and 28 day ingestions of decaffeinated GTE (dGTE). In this crossover placebo-controlled study, 19 healthy males ingested dGTE or placebo (PLA) for 28 days, separated by a 28 day wash-out period. On days 1, 7, and 28, participants completed a 30 min cycling exercise 2 h after the ingestion of dGTE or PLA. Blood samples were collected at rest (t = 0 and 120 min) and during exercise (t = 150 min). Plasma was analyzed using untargeted four-phase metabolite profiling and targeted profiling of catecholamines and catechins. dGTE abolished several metabolic effects when compared to our previous study with cGTE. However, following 7 and 28 day dGTE ingestions, increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate, a metabolic marker of fat oxidation, were observed at t = 0 min. dGTE ingestion did not induce significant acute or acute-on-chronic effects on endogenous metabolites just prior to and during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Jacobs
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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18
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Automated quantum mechanical total line shape fitting model for quantitative NMR-based profiling of human serum metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3091-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Mahabir-Jagessar-T K, Lotito S, Mulder T, Mela DJ, Jeukendrup AE, Jacobs DM. Acute effects of green tea extract intake on exogenous and endogenous metabolites in human plasma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1198-1208. [PMID: 24400998 DOI: 10.1021/jf404872y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The acute effects of green tea extract (GTE) on plasma metabolites in vivo are largely unknown. In this parallel, double-blind study, the transient changes in total and free concentrations of catechins were measured in plasma from healthy males following the consumption of a single GTE dose (559.2 mg total catechins, 120.4 mg caffeine). Furthermore, the acute effects on endogenous metabolites were assessed 2 h after GTE intake using four-phase metabolite profiling. The ratios of the catechin concentrations in plasma to those in the GTE followed the order ECG/CG > EC > GCG > EGCG > EGC > C > GC. The gallated catechins EGCG, CG/ECG, GC, and GCG were also present in their free form. Sixteen out of 163 mostly endogenous metabolites were affected by acute GTE ingestion, when compared to placebo. These included caffeine, salicylate, hippurate, taurine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene-glycol, serotonin, some cholesterylesters, fatty acids, triglycerides, and sphingosines. Our results on the exogenous metabolites largely confirm previous studies, while our findings on the endogenous metabolites are novel and may suggest specific biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Hodgson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The effect of green tea extract on fat oxidation at rest and during exercise: evidence of efficacy and proposed mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:129-40. [PMID: 23493529 PMCID: PMC3649093 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis L plant, which is rich in polyphenol catechins and caffeine. There is increasing interest in the potential role of green tea extract (GTE) in fat metabolism and its influence on health and exercise performance. A number of studies have observed positive effects of GTE on fat metabolism at rest and during exercise, following both shorter and longer term intake. However, overall, the literature is inconclusive. The fact that not all studies observed effects may be related to differences in study designs, GTE bioavailability, and variation of the measurement (fat oxidation). In addition, the precise mechanisms of GTE in the human body that increase fat oxidation are unclear. The often-cited in vitro catechol-O-methyltransferase mechanism is used to explain the changes in substrate metabolism with little in vivo evidence to support it. Also, changes in expression of fat metabolism genes with longer term GTE intake have been implicated at rest and with exercise training, including the upregulation of fat metabolism enzyme gene expression in the skeletal muscle and downregulation of adipogenic genes in the liver. The exact molecular signaling that activates changes to fat metabolism gene expression is unclear but may be driven by PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α and PPARs. However, to date, evidence from human studies to support these adaptations is lacking. Clearly, more studies have to be performed to elucidate the effects of GTE on fat metabolism as well as improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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